Download Is it Diabetes Yet?

Is it Diabetes Yet?
• If there is not
enough insulin
activity, or the
body does not
use the insulin
effectively….
the body's blood
glucose rises.
Insulin = a protein (hormone),
secreted by islet cells (beta)
found on the pancreas
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Glucagon = a protein (hormone),
secreted by islet cells (alpha) found
on the pancreas
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Here it is ...
Insulin =
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• Stimulates the
uptake of glucose
by body cells.
• Glucose is then
used immediately
OR stored as
glycogen
Glucagon =
• Stimulates the liver cells to convert
glycogen into glucose.
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Glucose = a monosaccharide,
used for energy
• Too much causes
damage to the
body proteins.
• Too little prevents
body cells from
working properly.
Glucose = directly controls
• Directly controls the
insulin and glucagon
secretions
Glucose triggers
production of insulin
opens
Insulin attaches to
insulin receptor on cell
w/o insulin, glucose can’t bind
When blood glucose rises…
maybe you have just eaten
breakfast
When blood glucose
lowers…maybe you haven’t
eaten lunch
Pancreas secretes glucagon
Glucagon produced in
pancreas
Promotes the breakdown of
glycogen & the release of
glucose
Pancreas secretes insulin
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Insulin produced in pancreas,
and sent through blood stream
& liver and muscle cells
stimulated by insulin to
uptake glucose
DIABETES
2 types:
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DIABETES is a leading cause of premature death- results in:
cardiovascular diseases, blindness, nerve damage, kidney
diseases
• In Type 1
diabetes for
some unknown
reason, (genetic
predisposition /
virus) the Islets
of Langerhans
are destroyed
by the body's
own immune
system, altering
their ability to
produce insulin
TYPE I
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In Type 2 diabetes, insulin is
produced normally, but the
tissues and cells of the body
are unable to use the insulin
manufactured by the Islets of
Langerhans. For some
reason they have become
resistant to the effects of
their own insulin. Insulin
continues to be made, but
the cells are unable to
recognize it and use it
effectively
TYPE II
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Behind the feedback loop:
Animal takes in more calories than it needs to produce ATP
If animal isn’t growing, or reproducing - will store the surplus E.
in liver & muscle cells as glycogen = polymer of glucose units
If glycogen stores are full, & caloric intake still exceeds caloric
expenditure, the excess is stored as fat
When fewer calories are taken in than are expended…fuel is
taken out of the storage depots… liver glycogen ->
muscle glycogen -> fat.
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• Glucose builds up in
the blood, overflows
into the urine, and
passes out of the
body in the urine.
Thus, the body
loses its main
source of fuel even
though the blood
contains large
amounts of glucose.