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Japanese MEXT:Regional Innovation Strategy Support Program Regions focused on strengthening international competeitiveness (Toyama Prefecture ) (Ishikawa Prefecture) ( Fukui Prefecture) Hokuriku Life Science Cluster for opening up healthy aging society ・Concentration of researchers who play core roles in regional innovation strategies Development of immunomodulatory drugs targeting the innate immune system utilizing newly identified TLR ligands Kiyoshi Takatsu, Ph.D. Professor, Department. of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, University of Toyama Prof. Takatsu is a distinguished molecular immunologist in the world who firstly cloned and identified interleukin 5 and its receptor. Naoki Okamoto, Ph.D. Researcher from Teika Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Introduction Toll-like receptors (TLR) have a critical role in host protection from infectious diseases through recognition of pathogens in innate immune systems. However, inflammation induced by excessive activation of innate immunity causes and exacerbates the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and autoimmune diseases. Our goal is to develop medicines or functional foods useful for the treatment of infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases based on natural products. Summary of this project TLR4 agonist Immuno-activating agent Vaccine adjuvant Protection from cancer and infection Toll-like receptors TLR7 inhibitor Anti-inflammatory agent Drugs Autimmune diseases We have found novel TLR4 agonists and TLR7 inhibitors by screening chemical compounds in natural product-based libraries. We aim to develop immuno-activating agents and antiinflammatory agents for treating infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases, respectively. We are currently investigating pharmacological activities of the compounds at the molecular and cellular levels and therapeutic effects in animal models in collaboration with other research institutes.