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Rocks Chapter 4
Party like a rock
Part(y) 2
By: Tamar (Tom) and Jerry
Rock History
• Rocks have been an important resource since
before we were on this planet. We used these
rocks to create tools like, arrowheads, spears,
knives, scrapers, and axes. Some have helped
us survive and develop early civilizations. They
have even provided us information about
early life forms.
Rock Cycle
The three main types of rock
are igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic. All of
these are part of the rock
cycle.
Sedimentary Rock
This rock is formed by sediments being
compacted and cemented together. It takes
weathering and erosion of any other rock to
create this.
Stratification
Regular layering of sedimentary rock. It is the
most characteristic feature of the rock.
Strata
Layers of sedimentary rock that form from
deposition of sediments. This is the most
noticeable feature. The Grand Canyon is the
primary example.
Metamorphic Rock
Forms previous rock being heated and
pressurized deep underground. They can even
change into another type of metamorphic
rock.
Foliated and Non-Foliated
• Foliated metamorphic rocks are composed of
minerals that align together by pressure. An
example could be that it looks like pages in a
book.
• Non-Foliated has no distinct pattern. They are
usually made up of one ore or just a few
minerals. Marble and quartzite are good
examples.
Igneous Rocks
It forms from the cooling of magma. When
magma solidifies it creates the rock. Cooling
rate determines the crystal size.
Magma is underground molten rock. Lava is the
above ground magma.
Intrusive and Extrusive
Intrusive is when magma cools beneath the
Earths surface. It results in a coarse grain
texture. They are named by the way they push
into the surrounding rock.
Extrusive forms on the surface of the Earth. It is
usually volcanic rock (party like a volcano, I
make it rain rocks). These have small crystals.
Composition
Composition is the minerals that make up a
rock. An example would be made mostly of
quartz would be similar to quartz.
Texture
Texture is determined by the shape, position,
and size of the grains that make it up. When
small grains bond together it is fine grained.
When large grains form together it is coarse
grained.
Summary
Rocks come in many different shapes, sizes, and
forms. They have been a crucial part of human
life since the very beginning.