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Ch 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control Include and address the following concepts and ideas using visual presentations, reference to textbook information and other examples, handouts, pictures, appropriate video clips 5-1 How Do Species Interact? 1. What is interspecific competition? Provide an example that illustrates interspecific competition. a. What is the competitive exclusion principle? Provide an example that illustrates the competitive exclusion principle. 2. What is predation? What are four techniques prey use to avoid predators? a. What is coevolution? How do predator prey relationships illustrate coevolution? Provide one example of coevolution? 3. Summarize the Science Focus: Why Should We Care About Kelp? Include in your answer the threats to the kelp forest and the species interactions that are necessary to maintain life in the kelp forest. 4. Fill in the following chart Type of relationship Definition + = one species benefits - = one species is harmed 0 = the species is neither harmed nor benefited Example Parasitism Mutualisms Commensalism 5-2 How Can Natural Selection Reduce Competition between Species? 1. What is resource partitioning? For what purpose does resource partitioning serve? a. Provide an example of resource partitioning not included in the reading. 5-3 What Limits the Growth of Populations? 1. What is population dynamics? a. Changes in populations characteristics are due to several factors. Identify at least 3 of these characteristics. 2. Your textbook identifies three ways populations distribute themselves. Identify the three ways populations distribute themselves. a. Identify and describe 5 reasons why clumping is beneficial. 3. What is an example of a species that has a low biotic potential? High biotic potential? a. What is the intrinsic rate of increase (r)? i. What are 4 characteristics of populations with a high r? 4. What are 4 limiting factors acting upon populations? 5. Define the following vocabulary words a. Environmental resistance b. Carrying capacity (K) c. Exponential growth (J curve) d. Logistic growth (S curve) 6. Fill in the following diagram 5 limiting factors acting upon these populations 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 7. Using what you have learned in this section, refer back to the Science Focus from 5.1 (sea otters). Why are sea otters making a slow comeback? How is your answer impacting the ecosystem of the kelp forest? 8. Using the diagram below, why might the population of moose overshoot its carrying capacity? a. Identify and describe one reason the population crashes around 1860? A 9. Fill in the following chart Characteristic r-Selected Species Example of a representative species Number and size of offspring Parental Care Provided Age of reproductive maturity (early or late) Survival rate of offspring General Size of adults Growth rate (r) (high or low) Population size in relation to carrying capacity Niche (specialist or generalist) Ability to compete (high or low) Common during which stage of succession (early or late succession species) See handout for survivorship curves 10. Define the following vocabulary words a. Genetic drift b. Inbreeding c. Minimum viable population size d. Founder effect & an example of the founder effect in nature e. Demographic bottleneck & an example of the bottleneck effect K-selected Species 11. Identify 4 density-dependent population controls. 12. Define the following types of population curves and provide one graphic representation illustrating each. a. Stable b. Irruptive c. Cyclic d. Irregular 5-4 How Do Communities and Ecosystems Respond to Changing Environmental Conditions? 1. Compare and contrast primary and secondary succession. In your comparison, include a drawing & examples of plant species that colonize at each stage.