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HASMUKH GOSWAMI COLLEGE Of ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2150603)
Submitted by
1. Kishan panchal
2. Sathwara Maharshi3. Dhrumil mistri
4. Moradiya Disav -
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INTRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
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Environment: the total of our surroundings
• All the things around us with which we interact:
• Living things
• Animals, plants, forests, fungi, etc.
• Non-living things
• Continents, oceans, clouds, soil, rocks
• Our built environment
• Buildings, human-created living centers
• Social relationships and institutions
I. Scope of ecology
A. Interactions between organisms and their
environment
1. Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between
organisms and their environment.
a. Interactions determine distribution and abundance of
organisms.
b. Two main themes in ecology are:
- Where do organisms live? & Why?
- How many organisms are present? & Why?
c. Ecology was historically an observational science, often
descriptive natural history.
d. An organism’s environment has both abiotic and biotic
components.
- Abiotic components are nonliving chemical and physical
factors such as temperature, light, water, and nutrients.
- Biotic components are living factors such as other
organisms.
Classes of
Microorganisms
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Non-pathogenic
• normal
• do not produce disease
• beneficial
• Pathogenic
• cause infection and disease
• May be non-pathogenic in one body system,
pathogenic in another (E. coli)
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Aerobic
• requires oxygen to live
• Anaerobic
• does not require oxygen to live
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Classes of Microorganisms
• 6 classes of microorganisms
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Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Rickettsiae
Viruses
Helminths
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Bacteria
• Often considered the causes of disease
• Certain bacteria
• produce antibiotics
• live in the body without problems
• live on the roots of certain plants, converting
nitrogen into a usable form
• help break down dead organic matter
• Classified by shape and arrangement
• Treated with antibiotics
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Bacteria
• Cocci• round in shape
• diplococci
• streptococci
• staphylococci
Streptococci
Staphylococcal clusters
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Bacteria
• Bacilli
• rod shape
• single
• pairs
• chains
• may have flagella
• may form spores
• difficult to treat
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Bacteria
• Spirilla
• spiral or corkscrew shape
• vibrio
Cholera
- spirochete
Treponema pallidum
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Bacteria
• Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics
• Very difficult to cure
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)
• Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Protozoa
• One celled, animal-like organism
• Contain a nucleus and other defined organelles
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Fungi
• organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship
with their host
• provide numerous drugs and foods
• provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer
• cause a number of plant and animal diseases
• fungal diseases are very difficult to treat
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Fungi
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Rickettsiae
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rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria
live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice
transmitted to humans through bites
invade the new host from within
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Viruses
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small, infectious agent
requires a host for survival
over 5,000 types
can combine in multiple ways to produce a wide range of diseases
produce immune response in humans
treated with antiviral drugs
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Classes of Microorganisms
• Helminths
• Parasitic worm-like organisms
• Live inside the host
• Feed off their host
• Disrupt nutrient absorption
• Lead to weakness
• Excrete toxins making host
susceptible to other diseases
• Approximately 30 billion people
globally are infected
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THANK YOU
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