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Science Unit 4: Beneficial and Harmful Bacteria Notes Chapter 5 Lesson 2: What are Microorganisms? (pgs. 250-257) Kinds of Microorganisms Microorganisms are living things that are too small to see without a microscope Most only have 1 cell o Bacteria o Yeasts o Molds o Fungi o protists Bacteria o shaped like rods, spirals, or balls Yeasts and molds are fungi that are microorganisms Fungi o decomposers- they break down decaying plants and animals Protists o amoeba o Make their own food or hunt for food o Can be single-celled or multi-celled Microorganisms are everywhere o Digestive system to break down food o Turn milk into yogurt o Produce certain kinds of cheese o Yeast- makes bread rise Helpful and Harmful Microorganisms Helpful o Phytoplankton- produce oxygen o Penicillin and streptomycin- medicines o Remove bacteria from wastewater treatment plants o Help clean up oil spills o Help plants take in nutrients from soil o Cause dead things to decay Harmful o Salmonella and e. coli- make you sick o Fungi can kill crops o Rot wood o Spoil food o Cause skin diseases (athlete’s foot)