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Name_________________________________ Lab Date __________________ Lab # Due Date __________________ Inclined Planes Materials Xplorer GLX, Motion Sensor, track, inclinometer, cart, books, measuring scale Purpose The purpose of this lab is to investigate the motion of a cart on an inclined plane. We will study the velocity and the acceleration of the cart, the components of gravity force, the normal force, the friction force acting on the cart. Procedure the gravity force are: ๐นgx = ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ (parallel to the inclined plane) & ๐นgy = ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ (perpendicular to the inclined plane), where m is the mass of the cart, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. If the friction on the cart is ignored, the acceleration of the cart should be ๐x = ๐๐ ๐๐๐ down the inclined plane. If the friction is present (the friction between the cart and the track is rolling friction), then the picture below represents this inclined plane problem. y FN Ff Fgx x ๏ฑ๏ ๏ฑ๏ Fgy Fg 1 Equipment Setup 1. Place the long track on a table and attach the Motion Sensor to one end of the track. 2. Place the cart at the top of the track so the cart is facing the sensor. Aim the sensor so its signal will reflect from the cart as the cart moves down along the track. 3. Make sure to place a book at the end of the track to prevent the cart from dropping off the table as the cart may be damaged if dropped. Record Data 1. Measure the angle of the inclined plane with the inclinometer. 2. Select โVelocityโ from the submenu and press to activate your choice. 3. Press START and release the cart. The graph of Velocity vs. time appears. 4. Press F3 to find the Slope, which is the acceleration of the cart. Read 3 different values and record the average acceleration of the cart. 5. Change the angle and repeat. Record values for ๏ฑ and ax and fill the table. 6. Print the graph of Velocity vs. time for one trial. You should attach the graph to your lab report. Date Table Mass of the cart m = __________ kg Angle ๏ฑ( o ) Acceleration ax (m/s2) 2 Calculations Carry out the calculations and complete the table below. o Angle ๏ฑ( ) Fgx (N ) Fgy (N ) FN (N ) 2 ax (m/s ) Fnet (N) Ffk (N ) 1. Show one calculation for the cartโs component of the gravity parallel to the inclined plane. [Show formula, substitution with units and answer with units and sig figs]. 2. Show one calculation for the cartโs component of the gravity perpendicular to the inclined plane. [Show formula, substitution with units and answer with units and sig figs]. 3. Show one calculation for the cartโs magnitude of the normal force for the cart. [Show formula, substitution with units and answer with units and sig figs]. 4. Show one calculation for the cartโs net force as the product of the mass of the cart and the measured acceleration. [Show formula, substitution with units and answer with units and sig figs]. 5. Show one calculation for friction force acting on the cart as the difference between the component of the gravity parallel to the inclined plane and the net force. [Show formula, substitution with units and answer with units and sig figs]. 3 Questions 1. There is an angle of the inclined plane for which the cart starts moving down the inclined plane by itself. Explain why. 2. What happens to the cartโs component of the gravity parallel to the inclined plane as the angle increases? 3. What happens to the cartโs component of the gravity perpendicular to the inclined plane as the angle increases? 4. What happens to the motion of the cart if ๏ฑ=90o? What is the value of acceleration ax in this case? Explain why. 4