Download Compounds and Bonds Notes Packet

NAME:________________________________DATE: _________________PERIOD:______
Compounds and Bonds Notes
Compound
Chemical Formula
Subscript
Coefficient
Covalent Bond
Metallic Bond
Ionic Bond
Molecule
Polar Covalent Bond
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Adhesion
Cohesion
Capillary Action
Surface Tension
Review of chapter 1:
1. The smallest particle of matter is an __________________. Different types
of atoms make up _____________________, which are substances that
cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
2. Different elements can be found on ___________________________.
3. Atoms are made up of 3 sub-atomic particles called ________________,
___________________ and _________________.
4. Protons have a ____________________ charge and are located in the
________________ of an atom.
5. The number of protons is the ________________ ______________ on the
periodic table
6. Neutrons have _________________________ and are also located in the
________________ of an atom.
7. Protons and neutrons make up an atoms _____________________.
8. An atoms mass = ___________________ + __________________.
9. The number of neutrons = _______________ - ________________.
10. Atoms are made up of mostly _______________ ______________.
11. Electrons fly around the nucleus in ___________________________,
orbital’s and shells.
12. Na+ and Cl – are __________________; which are atoms with a positive or
negative charge.
13.
18O
and 16O are _____________________; which are atoms of the same type
with a different mass.
14. ________________________ is the process by which the nucleus of an
element releases energy and particles.
15. ________________________ elements can be helpful (treatments for
cancers and diagnoses) and harmful in large amounts.
16. __________________ _______ is the amount of time it takes for the nuclei
of an element to lose half its mass.
Notes: 2.1 (pg 41-46)
Elements combine to form compounds
Compounds have different properties from the elements that make
them
I. A compound is a _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
II. Compounds are different from mixtures because the elements that make up a
compound are held together by _____________________
_________________.
III.
Properties of compounds are very different from the properties of elements that
make them up.
Atoms combine in predictable numbers
IV. A Chemical compound is represented by a chemical ________________.
a. For example H2O is the _____________ ____________ of water
V. Each compound has a specific number of atoms of each element.
a. For example H2O (water) contains ____Hydrogen atoms and ____ Oxygen
atom. Total # of atoms =____+____ = ____
b. ________________________ - are numbers located in the bottom left side
of an element. They tell the number of atoms present in the compound
c. Coefficients - are numbers located in front of the compound, telling the
number of compounds or molecules present
i. For example: 2H2O = H2O + H2O (2 molecules of water)
Coefficient
Total # of Hydrogen = _____ x____ = _____
Total # of Oxygen = _____ x ______ = ____
Total # of Atoms = ______ + ______ = _____
Inventory Practice: determine how many atoms of each element are in each compound below and
the total number of atoms in the compound.
1. HCl – chemical formula for hydrochloric acid
2. H2O2 – chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide
3. P3Br2 - chemical formula for triphosphorous dibromide
4. AgNO3 – silver nitrate
5. 2NaI – sodium iodide
6. 3CH4 - methane
7. 2Mg3(PO4)2 – magnesium phosphate
8. 4C4H8 – tertracarbon oxahydrate
Review of 2.1
1. Compounds are different from mixtures because they are held together with
___________________ ____________________.
2. CO2 is an example of the ______________________ _____________________ of
carbon dioxide.
3. The _______________________ in a chemical formula tells the number of atoms
of that element present.
4. The _______________________in a chemical formula tells the number of
compounds present.
5. How many atoms of each element are in carbon dioxide? What is the total number
of atoms in 5CO2.
COMPOUNDS:
• Compounds are 2 or more elements held together with a _________________
_______________.
• Properties of compounds depend on the elements that make them up and how those
elements are _______________ to each other. These properties are usually very
_____________________ from the individual elements that make them up.
• The same elements can form different compounds with different properties:
Example: _____________(water) – safe to drink, does kill bacteria
_____________(hydrogen peroxide) – makes you vomit, used kill bacteria
• Bonding occurs due to the fact that every atom wants to acquire:
8 __________________ _____________________
• ______________________ _____________________: are the electrons in the outer most
energy level of an atom. (Farthest away from the nucleus).
• A full valence shell requires _____ valence electrons. With the exception on Helium because
helium 1st energy level is filled with only 2.
Review:
• Draw a Bohr model diagram of Helium-4 and label the valence electrons:
4
H
P:
M:
E:
N:
# of Valence e-:
Questions: does Helium-4 have a full valence shell? _______________________
• Draw a Bohr model diagram of Carbon-14 label the valence electrons:
14
C
P:
M:
E:
N:
# of Valence e-:
Questions: does carbon-14 have a full valence shell? _______________________
2.2 Notes pgs 47-53
3 Main Types of Bonds:
1. ________________________ BOND: Bond between 2 ___________________.
•
Considered to be a “sea of electrons” with positive “islands” (nuclei)
V
Black = electrons, V= Valance electrons, Blue = protons Red = neutrons
2. ________________________ BOND: electrons are ____________________.
• A bond between 2 ______________________________________.
• 2 types of covalent bonds:
____________________________ and ________________________
1. _____________________ ______________________: an equal sharing of
electrons between atoms. Occurs between 2 atoms of the same element.
2. ___________________________: an _____________________ sharing of
electrons between atoms. Occurs between 2 atoms from different elements Bond
between two different types of atoms (elements)
- Creating a slight negatively charged side and a slight positively charged side.
- This polarity causes _________________________________, _______________________,
________________________ and __________________________, and allows plants move
water up their stems for photosynthesis.
-
Cohesion - attraction between 2 ____________ molecules (2 of the same
types of molecules sticking together)
-
Adhesion - attraction between 2 ____________ molecules (2 different
types molecules sticking together)
-
Surface Tension- cohesive forces in water that cause it to bead
and form a thin elastic film layer
PENNY
Capillary Action - ______________________________________________________
_______________________________. (Caused by the adhesion (attraction) of the water
molecule to the side of the tube, and cohesion (attraction) between the water molecules. The
water sticks together and pulls a trail of water up the tube (attraction) )
How water moves up a plant stem
Chromatography
3. ___________________BOND: Bond between 2 oppositely charged ______________.
• _________________________ are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. When
an atom loses an electron it has a ________________________ charge, and sometimes
that “lost electron” is picked up by another element. The atom that picked up the lost
electron, gains an electron becoming ________________________ charge. The
positive ion is attracted to the negative ion forming an
• An ionic bond occurs between a _________________ and a ___________________.
• An electron is _________________________ from the metal, creating a positive
charged ion called the ______________________. This transfer creates a negatively
charged non-metal referred to as an ________________________.
• The ___________________ ion is attracted to the __________________ ion, holding
the two atoms together.
• The positively charged ion can also be attracted to a positively charged molecule
referred to as a __________________________________ ion. Which is basically a
compound (molecule) with a positive or negative charge.
Example:
NaCl: Table Salt
Metal(cation) = _____________, gives up an electron creating a _______________ ion
Nonmetal (anion) = __________, accepts the electron creating a _______________ ion
Positive and negative charges _______________________ each other, creating a bond
holding the compound together.
Review of 2.2
1. ________________ ________________ holds the atoms of a
compound together.
2. The three major types of bonds are
a. ___________________________
b. ___________________________
c. ___________________________
3. ____________________ bonds form when an electron is transferred .
4. ____________________ bonds form when an electron is shared.
5. Ionic bonds form between 2 ___________________.
6. Covalent bonds form _____________________, and are created
between 2 _______________________.
7. There are 2 types of covalent bonds ______________ and
__________.
8. Covalent bonds form because of the _______________ Rule – which
states that atom want to have _____ valence electrons (8).
Notes: 2.3 (pgs 56-61)
Substances’ Properties Depend on Their Bonds
Metals have unique bonds
I. Metal atoms share electrons in all directions with other metal atoms in a type of
bond called a _____________________ ___________________.
II. Metallic bonds are often referred to as a _________ of shared electrons. All the
metal atoms ______________ their __________________electrons.
Fixed (can’t
move) Metal
Ions
Free electrons
The metals are like “islands” in the sea of purple electrons
III.
Properties of metals are determined by the sharing of the electrons in
the metallic bonds. The properties include ___________________,
___________________, and _________________________.
Ionic and covalent bonds give compounds certain properties
IV.
Ions are tightly locked into place in the structure of a crystal, so ionic bonds are
difficult to break.
V. Ionic compounds generally have:
a. High__________________________and ________________________
points
b. __________________________ and ________________________
c. Do not _____________________________ electricity in solid form
d. Break up into negative and positive ______________ when dissolved and
will ______________________ an electric current in solution.
ClSolid
salt
(NaCl)
III.
IV.
Na+
Covalent compounds are not held together has tightly as ion.
Covalent compounds tend to have:
a. Low ____________________
and ____________________
points
b. Molecules stay together when
dissolved in water (do not
separate like ions)
c. A Covalent molecule’s
___________________ and
__________________ affect
their properties.
i. For example – graphite,
and diamond – both
carbon compounds
Covalent Compounds, Ionic Compounds, Metallic Compounds
Covalent
Ionic
Metallic
In solution:
Dissolved salt
Solid
salt
(NaCl)
+
Na
sodium
ion
Clchlorine
ion
Bonding Graphic Organizer: