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World War II
I.
Here Come the Nazis
A. The Major Causes of WWII
1. Policy of ______________________.
2. Fear and spread of _____________________.
3. ______________________: Japan and Germany
4. ________________ /Authoritative governments.
5. __________________: Japan and Germ.; Racism: Germ.
6. __________________: Germ.
7. Treaty of ____________________.
8. _____________ League of Nations.
9. The world wide ______________________.
10. World War I
11. Collapse of the Weimar Republic and the rise of ____________.
12. Italian invasion of Ethiopia
13. Spanish Civil War
14. ________________
15. ________________ Agreement
16. Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
17. Invasion of ______________, _________, and ______________.
B. The Invasion of Poland
1. On Sept. 1, 1939, the Germ. __________________ flew over the
________________ border and began bombing selected targets.
2. While this was occurring, armored tank divisions known as
________________ crossed the border.
3. Following the panzers: an ________________ composed of a
________________ and a half men in motorized vehicles.
4. All of these combined to create the new _________ war strategy
of ________________: “_______________________________.”
5. Blitzkrieg: an offensive operational-level military doctrine which
involves an initial bombardment followed by the employment of
mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an
enemy from implementing a coherent defense.
6. However, although the Germ. army used blitzkrieg tactics, they
still were being _______________ in their attack by using
Vernichtungsgedanken, or a focus on envelopment to create
pockets in broad-front annihilation.
7. Sept 1. 1939: Germ. invades after a staged “Polish attack”
(__________________ incident; Aug. 31) on Germ.
8. Sept. 17: Polish forces are being pushed back by Germ.; S.U.
invades Poland (________________ Pact).
9. Oct. 1: ____________ and ____________ have taken control of
Poland – gov. never surrendered.
10. The remaining Polish land and air forces were evacuated to
Romania and Hungary; they would later join with _________ Fr.
11. ________________ movements began to form.
C. Why Did Germany and the Soviets Invade?
1. Germany:
2. ___________________: living space in the E.
3. East ________________ was separated by the Polish Corridor:
wanted to untie the ________________.
4. They wanted the port city of ________________.
5. Soviet Union:
6. Wanted to ensure its sphere of ________________.
7. They were protecting ____________________ from Polish
“oppression.”
D. Aftermath of the Invasion of Poland
1. Poland was ________________ between Germ. and the S.U.
2. 65,000 Polish troops _________; 420,000 ________________
by the Germ.; ________________ more by the Soviets (660,000
prisoners).
3. 120,000 Polish troops ________________ to _______________
Romania and Hungary; 20,000 escaped to Latvia and Lithuania,
with the majority eventually making their way to France or
Britain.
4. Most of the Polish Navy succeeded in evacuating to Britain as
well.
5. Germ.: 16,000 _________.
6. 6 _____________ Polish deaths: over ________ of the country's
____________ population, and over ________ of its _________
minority.
7. Mass ______________ of 3 _______________ Poles, regardless
of ________________ beliefs in ____________________ camps
like ________________, in concentration camps, and in
numerous ad hoc massacres where ________________ were
rounded up, taken to a nearby forest, machine-gunned, and then
buried, regardless of whether they were actually dead or not.
8. Sept. 3, 1939: _______ and ___________ declare war, but do
nothing to help Poland.
9. The _________________________________: in spite of having
promoted democracy and self-determination, signing pacts and
forming military alliances during World War I — nonetheless
betrayed their Central European allies by abandoning these pacts.
E. The “Phony” War
1. Winter 1939 - Spring 1940: all quiet on the ________________
front.
2. ________________: sit-down war (Germ.)
3. Phony war: ____________ and ____________.
4. However, when ________________ fell to the ______________,
the _____________ took steps to make sure the same fate would
not happen to ________________ by ________________
Norwegian waters in April 1940: blocking trade with Germ.
F. Hitler Looks to the West
1. Hitler used the Brit. mining to support his claim that the _______
were going to invade _________________________.
2. Hitler sends ________________ and ________________ an
ultimatum that they accept “protection from the Reich;”
Denmark ________________, Norway does not.
3. April 9, 1940: Germ. invades ___________________ (capital of
________________) with little resistance and takes control.
4. April 9, 1940: Germ. launches an ________________ of Norway
while invading Denmark.
5. Brit. forces had been busy laying mines in Norwegian waters in
an effort to cut off Germ. shipment of iron ore from neighboring
________________.
6. Despite _________ efforts, Germ. was able to capture Norway’s
major cities, including the capital of Oslo.
7. Although Germ. was now in control of Norway, it came at a high
cost: Brit. ____________ destroyed a large number of destroyers
and cruisers, however, Hitler won access to the _____________.
G. After Demark and Norway
1. The fall of Norway resulted in the ________________________
in London.
2. The Norway Debate took place in the Brit. House of Commons
May7-8, 1940.
3. The ________________ and ________________ opposition
strongly attacked Prime Minister _________________________
and his policies. Knowing that he had lost confidence of his own
__________________ party as well, Chamberlain ___________
down.
4. May 10, 1940: _________________________________ appoints
__________________________________ (recommended by
___________________; one of the few politicians to warn of the
______________ danger in the 1930s) as the new Prime Minster
and asks him to form a new gov.
H. Winston Churchill
1. Adopted a policy of __________________________, even when
________________ seemed imminent, and refused to make any
____________________ with ___________ throughout the war.
2. Churchill kept _____________________ alive in the _________
and created the basis for the later ____________ counter-attacks
of 1942-45, with ________________ serving as a platform for
the supply of the _______________________________ and the
liberation of __________________ Europe.