Download 3 Rise of Hitler

FASCISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER
NDP, World History, Mr. Shuler
Focus Question: How did an
extremist and megalomaniac like
Adolf Hitler rise to power in an
advanced, democratic society?
Vocabulary: Great Depression,
hyperinflation, fascism, Mussolini,
Mein Kampf
WE WON WW1!!! IT’S A PARTY!!! AT LEAST IN
THE UNITED STATES
Nicknamed the “Roaring
20’s”
Image: “Flappers” (fueled by
optimism and freedom, but
also a “lost generation”)
Riches and conveniences for
all! Invest in the stock market
for easy money and borrow
until then! What could go
wrong?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3svvCj
4yhYc
OOPS!
OCTOBER 29, 1929: BLACK TUESDAY
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
1929-1941
Cascading effects…
savings are wiped
out, banks close,
businesses can’t get
loans, jobs are cut,
consumer spending
declines, more jobs
are cut
The Great Depression Spreads Globally
including Germany & Japan
• International financial
markets
• Aggravated by collapse of
U.S. trade, refusal of
Hoover to take action, &
new protectionist tariffs
• 25% unemployed in Britain
and 40% unemployed in
Germany
Much of Europe was in bad shape
before 1929, especially Germany…
• Weimar
Republic
crippled by
reparations &
unpaid loans
• Hyperinflation
(1921-23):
money
becomes
worthless
almost
overnight
THE RISE OF EXTREMISM AND
MUSSOLINI’S FASCISM
• If democracy has failed, is
Communism the only alternative?
• Benito Mussolini in Italy invents
“fascism” (from the old Roman
fasces) that emphasizes
nationalism and strength
– “Strength” draws on Nietzsche's idea of
a “will to power” in the face of a
meaningless, amoral universe
• Right-wing totalitarian dictatorship
• Inspires others, including Franco in
Spain (overthrowing a democraticsocialist republic in a bloody civil
war) and Hitler in Germany
A HERO EMERGES? WHO IS ADOLF HITLER?
• Failed artist and World War I veteran
• Arrested in 1923 for attempted coup;
writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
with a plan to rebuild Germany, break
the treaty of Versailles, “punish”
Jews, and invade Eastern Europe
• Blames Jews for Germany’s problems
(anti-Semitism)
• Freed and becomes leader the
National Socialist German Workers’
Party (“Nazi”) due to his emotive
speaking skills
• Paramilitary brown-shirt stormtroopers (S.A.) use violence vs. other
parties
HITLER SEIZES POWER (1930-1934)
• Be able to explain
how Hitler could
seize power in a
democratic
Germany (the
Weimar Republic)
• Role of
Communism?
• Burning of the
Reichstag building
actually probably
done on Hitler’s
orders
“Hitler’s Rise to Power,” Simple History,
by Chris Kane and Daniel Turner, at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kybj
Ug4kw_s
HITLER’S VIOLATIONS OF
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
• March 1935 – Germany begins to rebuild army
and navy
• March 1935 – Germany reoccupies the
demilitarized zone in the Rhineland
• March 1938 – Annexes (takes over) Germanspeaking Austria (Anschluss)
• This leads to pride within Germany and
increased tension outside… but Britain and
France still want to avoid war and want to use
Hitler to keep the USSR in check
THE RESULT:
TOTALITARISM TRIUMPHANT IN EUROPE
Fascist: Hitler in
Germany,
inspired by
Benito Mussolini
of Italy
Communist:
Josef Stalin in
the U.S.S.R., with
his purges and
Gulags—in
service of the
people against
internal enemies
Pink countries
were conquered by
Germany, 1938-40