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Exam: 406091RR - Additional Issues in Criminal Justice
1. Which of the following is the best definition of mediation?
A. The disputing parties meet with a person trained in the art of helping people resolve disputes
to everyone's satisfaction.
B. A social worker retrains persons who have tendencies towards violence so that no further
harm is committed.
C. A third party decides the case like a judge would.
D. It's a form of reintegrative shaming.
2. After police processing, the juvenile offender is typically remanded to the local juvenile
court's _______ division.
A. detention
B. bail
C. pleading
D. intake
3. Advocates of the crime control model consider _______ at any stage, other than perhaps
at trial, an unnecessary impediment to the efficient operation of the process.
A. DNA technology
B. the adversarial system
C. victims' rights
D. legal representation
4. The practice of _______ is based on the idea that youths should be left alone if possible
rather than being processed in the criminal justice system.
A. laissez faire
B. "turning the other cheek"
C. radical nonintervention
D. community corrections
5. The first correctional institutions devoted exclusively to youth incarceration were
A. poor houses.
B. training schools.
C. houses of refuge.
D. cottage reformatories
6. Which of the following is not related to trying juveniles in adult criminal court?
A. Petition
B. Waiver
C. Bindover
D. Transfer
7. What is the most frequently used correctional response for youths adjudicated
delinquent?
A. Incarceration
B. Parole
C. Waiver
D. Probation
8. In what case did the Supreme Court establish that the hearing on whether to transfer a
case to criminal court is a critically important stage in the juvenile justice process that
requires certain due process protections?
A. In re Gault
B. Breed v. Jones
C. Kent v. United States
D. In re Winship
9. When can diversion occur?
A. At any stage in the juvenile justice process
B. Only prior to formal processing
C. Only after formal processing
D. Only during the informal stage of juvenile justice processing
10. An important case in extending a variety of due process protections to juveniles in
determining delinquency was
A. Miranda v. Arizona.
B. In re Gault.
C. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Fisher.
D. Kent v. United States.
11. When a juvenile court is looking out for the "best interests of the child," what
philosophy is the court applying?
A. Due process
B. Parens patriae
C. Delinquency prevention
D. Waiver
12. _______ were intended to closely parallel family life.
A. Industrial schools
B. Training schoolsC. Cottage reformatories
D. Wilderness camps
13. Participatory justice is a form of
A. deterrence.
B. incapacitation.
C. punitive justice.
D. restorative justice.
14. In 2010, approximately what percentage of juveniles placed in residential facilities
committed status offenses?
A. About 33%
B. More than 50%
C. Less than 5%
D. Between 15% and 20%
15. For which of the following types of blended sentences may a juvenile court impose a
juvenile correctional sanction that remains in force after the offender is beyond the age of
the court's extended jurisdiction, at which point the offender may be transferred to the
adult correctional system?
A. Juvenile-contiguous blend
B. Juvenile-inclusive blend
C. Criminal-inclusive blend
D. Juvenile-exclusive blend
16. Proponents of the _______ approach to law enforcement would be most likely to
support restricting the development of a national DNA database.
A. crime control
B. conservative
C. due process
D. JUMP
17. The juvenile court equivalent of sentencing is
A. remand.
B. disposition.
C. waiver.
D. bind-over.
18. In 2009, approximately _______ percent of the total number of juvenile arrestees were
age 14 and younger.
A. 35%
B. 10%
C. 25%
D. 5%End of exam
19. What is the most common choice made by police processing juveniles?
A. Radical nonintervention
B. Referring to juvenile court
C. Handling within police departments
D. Referring to adult court
20. To transfer a juvenile offender to the adult courts in many states, the prosecutor must
A. show that the juvenile has had a long record of criminal behavior.
B. provide a birth certificate showing the child is older than 13.
C. demonstrate that the juvenile presents a danger to society.
D. prove beyond all doubt that the offense was committed deliberately by the juvenile.