Download Chapter 10 Worksheets (Students Notes)

Mr. McCormack
US History II
Chapter Ten: Becoming a World Power (1890-1915)
Section 1: The Pressure to Expand (352-356)
By the dawn of the 20th Century, ____________ had forever changed the national landscape and the ____________ of
all Americans. The rise of ____________, the beginnings of mass ____________, westward ____________, and new
coast-to-coast networks of ____________ and ____________ all strengthened the country’s ____________. (352)
The development of the United States into an ____________ powerhouse also forced them to strengthen their ties to
other ____________ as never before. Most Americans began to believe that the country had to protect its
____________, ____________, and ____________ interests internationally. A surge in European ____________
reinforced this new way of thinking about America’s role in the world. (352)
Please summarize how each factor contributed to rise of imperialism in the late 1800s. (353)
Factor
Explanation
Economic
Nationalistic
Military
Humanitarian
____________, ____________, and ____________, all with long imperialistic traditions, led the way for expansion.
The competition grew more intense when ____________, united in 1871, began to seize colonies. (353)
For the first century or so of American national existence, rapid ____________ growth and the settlement of the
____________ left the US with little interest in foreign ____________. The ____________ Doctrine had been the
main principle of ____________ policy. The US had declared itself ____________ in European wars and warned
other nations not to interfere in the Western ____________. (353)
There were instances, however, when Americans “looked outward.” From the 1830s to 1850s, belief in the idea of
“____________ ____________” helped to justify its policies toward ____________. The annexation of
____________, ____________, and others southwestern lands were early steps toward empire. In 1853 Commodore
Matthew ____________ led a task force into Tokyo Bay and forced Japan to start ____________ with the US. (354)
After the Civil War, the US sent 50,000 soldiers to the border with ____________ to convince the ____________ to
abandon their colonial venture there. In 1867, Secretary of State ____________ secured a treaty to purchase
____________ from ____________ in part to force the ____________ out of the region. That same year, the US also
annexed the uninhabited ____________ Islands. (354)
Explain how each of the following goals encouraged American involvement in foreign affairs. (355-356)
Promoting
Economic Growth
Protecting
American Security
Preserving
American Spirit
Although most Americans accepted the conquest of the ____________ as right, they did not see themselves as rulers
of oppressed ____________. They soon discovered, however, that foreign trade tends to invite ____________ and
military ____________. (356)
Mr. McCormack
US History II
Chapter Ten: Becoming a World Power (1890-1915)
Section 2: The Spanish-American War (357-364)
In the 1890s, ____________ began to print sensational stories in a successful effort to boost circulation and profits.
These stories helped to reinforce a new set of assumptions about America’s role in the world. (357)
Please describe how the US exercised its growing international influence in the following incidents. (358)
Incident
American Action
Chile, 1891
Brazil, 1893
Venezuela, 1895
In 1895, following an economic collapse, ____________ rebelled against ____________. The government sent
____________ troops under the command of General ____________, who instituted a policy of “____________.”
Due to poor living conditions in the guarded camps, over ____________ died. Exiles living in the US urged
intervention, but the government was not interested. When rebels began to attack American ____________
____________ and mills, however, business owners began to pressure the government to act. Two New York
newspapers (owned by Joseph ____________ and William Randolph ____________) whipped up American public
opinion in favor of the ____________. (358-359)
Early in 1898, riots erupted in Havana and President ____________ moved the battleship USS ____________ to its
harbor to protect Americans there. A few weeks later, newspapers published a letter stolen from the Spanish
____________ to the United States. This letter ridiculed the president and helped to intensify anti-Spanish
sentiments. Days after that an explosion sunk the ____________, killing more than ____________ American sailors.
Though later understood to have resulted from an accident, Americans immediately blamed ____________. (359)
On the other side of the world the people of the ____________ Islands were also rebelling. Assistant Secretary of the
Navy ____________ ____________ believed they could become a key US base and he cabled his commanders to
prepare for war. (360)
Late in March, the president issued a list of demands to avoid war, and Spain agreed to all but one condition:
____________ for Cuba. On April 11, the president sent a war message to Congress and war was declared a few days
later. (360)
Please describe the events of the Spanish-American War that occurred on each of the following dates. (360)
May 1, 1898
July 1, 1898
July 3, 1898
The most famous unit in the war was known as the ____________ ____________ and was led by ____________
____________, who had resigned his government position to volunteer. (360)
Although ____________ Americans had died in the war, fewer than ____________ died in battle. The majority died
from food poisoning, diseases, and poor medical care. (361)
The US signed the Treaty of ____________ with Spain in December 1898. Spain agreed to recognize the
independence of ____________ and transferred the ____________, ____________ ____________, and
____________ to the US for a payment of ____________. The treaty was approved by the Senate in February 1899
by a margin of just ____________. (361)
The president argued that the US had an obligation to rule over the new possessions because their inhabitants were
unfit for self-rule. He also warned that ____________ powers might try to seize them, leading to more conflict. (361)
Filipino rebels had declared independence in January 1899, but the US ignored them. A three-year insurrection
followed, killing ____________ American soldiers and wounding ____________ more. American forces killed some
____________ rebels and an estimated ____________ Filipino civilians. (361-362)
Cubans were also disappointed. Although the US did not annex their island, the president did install a ____________
government to rule for three years. This government, led by General ____________ ____________, organized a
____________ system, restored ____________ stability, and discovered a cure for ____________ ____________.
Yet when the Cubans drafted a new ____________, the US insisted on several conditions to extend its control. (362)
The US still has not given independence to ____________ ____________. Instead, the US granted ____________ to
its inhabitants in 1917. (363)
Please list the major actions taken by the US to annex both of the following territories. (364-365)
1887
1891
Hawaii
1893
1898
1878
Samoa
1889
1899
China’s huge ____________ became increasingly important to American trade by the late 1800s. In 1899, the
Secretary of State promoted the idea that all interested powers should have equal access to China. A year later, the
____________ Rebellion erupted against foreigners and ____________ Chinese. Although the rebellion failed, the
US reissued its proposal for equal access. (364)
Section 3: A New Foreign Policy (366-371)
By 1900, the US had emerged as a genuine world ____________. This contributed to ____________ reelection that
year, but a year later he was assassinated. Vice President ____________ ____________ assumed the office. (366)
The recent war had highlighted the need for a shorter route between the ____________ and ____________ oceans. A
____________ across the Isthmus of ____________ would be an ideal solution. A ____________ company had tried
and failed to accomplish the feat but offered to sell its rights to the US for ____________. Congress agreed but
required the president to negotiate a treaty with ____________, which controlled the land. The negotiations went
nowhere, and the president quietly encouraged a ____________ revolution. (367)
Section 3: A New Foreign Policy (366-371) (continued)
The revolt took place in November 1903 with US warships present for support. The US immediately recognized an
independent ____________ and concluded a treaty for permanent control of a ____________-mile wide strip of
territory in exchange for ____________. Construction began the next year and concluded in ____________, ahead of
schedule and under budget. (367)
Although most Americans supported the president’s actions in the matter, it left a legacy of ____________ among
Latin Americans. Congress voted to pay an additional ____________ to ____________ in 1921. (367-368)
What was the central point to the Roosevelt Corollary? (368) _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
The first test of the Roosevelt Corollary concerned the island republic of ____________, where US bankers
ultimately took over the country’s ____________ and paid its ____________ debt. Under Roosevelt, US intervention
in Latin America became ____________, angering many ____________ and displeasing many in ____________.
Roosevelt’s single-handed foreign policies seemed to strengthen the ____________ while weakening Congress. (368)
In Asia, Roosevelt’s chief concern was preserving an open door to trade with ____________. However, growing
conflicts between ____________ and ____________ threatened Asian security. These conflicts led to a war in 1904
and in which ____________ did better. The same country won a war against ____________ just ten years earlier,
prompting Roosevelt to worry about its growing strength. He was also concerned about problems resulting from
discrimination against Japanese immigrants in ____________. (368-369)
In 1905 Roosevelt mediated a peace agreement to end the war, as a result of which he was awarded the
____________ prize. Roosevelt’s successors continued to play an active role in foreign affairs, but each brought his
own unique ____________. (369-370)
William Howard Taft, elected in 1908, was not as aggressive as Roosevelt. A distinguished ____________ from
Ohio, he had served as Roosevelt’s Secretary of ____________ and headed the government of the ____________.
His main foreign policy goals were to maintain the open door to ____________ and preserve stability in
____________. He preferred substituting “____________ for ____________” by increasing investment in foreign
____________. This approach, called ____________ Diplomacy, did not work as well as hoped. The results were
not always ____________, and both anti-____________ abroad and anti-____________ at home checked further
expansion of US power overseas. (370)
Woodrow Wilson, elected in 1912, intervened in ____________ and generated even more anti-American feeling in
Latin America. After a longtime dictator resigned, a revolution led by General ____________overthrew the new
president. Americans had invested more than $____________ in the country, but Wilson decided to apply
____________ and ____________ standards to foreign policy decisions. (370-371)
Wilson blocked weapons shipments to the Mexican government, occupied the city of ____________ in 1914, and in
1916 sent more than 5,000 troops under General ____________ into Mexico to pursue the bandit ____________.
Wilson’s interference had not worked well and ____________ relations between the countries for years. (371)
Wilson also sent troops to occupy ____________ from 1919 until 1934. He also sent marines to occupy the
____________ from 1916 until 1924. (371)
Mr. McCormack
US History II
Chapter Ten: Becoming a World Power (1890-1915)
Section 4: Debating America’s New Role (372-375)
Until the annexation of the ____________ in 1898, most Americans supported ____________ involvement. The
occupation quickly raised voices wary of ____________. In November, opponents of US policy established the AntiImperialist ____________. This group included Democratic politician ____________ and novelist ____________.
They argued that expansionist behavior was a rejection of American traditions and ideals of “____________”. (372)
Supporters of US policy argued that the people in occupied territories were not ready for ____________ and that the
US would prepare them for self-government. (373)
Many Americans of this period believed that people of ____________ heritage were superior to other races. Some
argued that this belief fostered imperialism. Others used racist reasoning to oppose imperialism because they did not
want the US to absorb more people of different ____________. (373)
Finally, some raised ____________ objections to expansionist policies. Maintaining the necessary ____________
required more ____________, ____________, and possibly even ____________ military service. ____________
also argued that laborers coming from annexed territories would compete with American workers for ____________,
driving down ____________. Industrialists worried that goods produced abroad could be imported without
____________, hurting many industries. (374)
Despite these arguments, ____________ maintained a powerful hold on the American imagination. Some saw it as a
way to keep Americans from losing their ____________ edge. It offered a new kind of “____________” for
American explorers and pioneers. (374)
The growth and popularity of youth ____________ programs during this period showed that many Americans shared
this mentality. ____________, a British army officer famous for his exploits in South Africa, founded the
____________ movement. This movement came to the US in ____________ and soon became immensely popular;
two years later ____________ founded the American ____________. (374-375)
In December 1907, Roosevelt sent part of the US ____________, known as the “____________” on a cruise around
the ____________. This trip demonstrated the nation’s impressive ____________ power and made a big impression
everywhere it sailed. (375)
The US soon discovered that international involvements frequently took on a life of their own. In the ____________
and ____________, for example, the US often had to defend ____________ that were ____________ with local
inhabitants. Even before the ____________ was completed in 1914, people in that country began to complain that
they suffered from ____________. (375)
On the other hand, because the US was quickly becoming so ____________, other countries began to turn to the US
for ____________. Both ____________ and ____________, the US would spend the rest of the century trying to
decide the best way to reconcile its growing ____________ and national ____________ with its ____________ with
other nations. (375)