Download Presentation

Managing Natural
Resources in Africa
Geography 12
What are Africa’s Ecosystems?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mediterranean
Mountain Regions
Tropical Grassland
Dry Grassland
Hot Dessert
Tropical Rainforest
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Relationship between the
environment and people
Everything is Connected:
• Without adequate forest cover, soils become
depleted.
• Without fertile soil, food production declines,
and the threat of hunger increases.
• Without secure food supplies and clean water,
good health is impossible!
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Relationship between the
environment and people
Video:
Climate Witness – Farmers in
Tanzania Left High and Dry
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPlbbRUxh3c
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Environmental Problems
•
•
•
•
Deforestation
Soil degradation
Water resource degradation
Unsustainable use of land and water
resources
• Desertification
• Loss of biological diversity
(ECA, 1999)
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Environmental Problems
Desertification
Reduced Water
Retention Capacity
Soil Erosion
Deforestation
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Environmental Problems
• In Uganda and Ethiopia, 80% of all
environmental degradation costs is from soil
erosion
• Every year Africa loses 50 hectares of tropical
forest a year
• Every year 230 million hectares affected by soil
and land degradation
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Environmental Problems
One of the underlying causes of
this situation is the inadequate
management of natural
resources
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Any progress achieved in
addressing the Millennium
Development Goals of poverty
and hunger eradication, improved
health, and environmental
protection is unlikely to be
sustained if most of the ecosystem
services on which humanity relies
continue to be degraded.
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
What are the Millennium
Development Goals?
• A series of 8 goals to be achieved by 2015.
• They were developed to bind the world to
join forces to fight against poverty, illiteracy,
gender inequality, child and maternal
mortality, disease and environmental
degradation.
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
How do the MDGs
relate to the
Environment and
Natural Resources?
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
MDGs: The 8 Goals
and their Targets
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 1
Eradicate extreme hunger and
poverty
Target:
Reduce the proportion of
people living on less than
$1.25 per day by half
• Reduce the proportion of
people who suffer from
hunger by half
•
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 2
Achieve universal primary education
Target:
• Ensure that all
boys and girls
complete a full
course of
primary
schooling
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 3
Promote gender equality and
empowerment of women
Target:
• Eliminate gender
disparity in
primary and
secondary
education by 2005
at all levels by
2015
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 4
Reduce child mortality
Target:
• Reduce the
mortality rate
among children
under five by two
thirds
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 5
Improve maternal health
Target:
• Reduce the
maternal
mortality ratio by
three quarters
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 6
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
Target:
• Halt and begin to
reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS
• Halt and begin to
reverse the
incidence of malaria
and other diseases
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 7
Ensure environmental sustainability
Target:
• Integrate the principles of
sustainable development into
country policies and
programs
• Reverse the loss of
environmental resources
• Reduce the proportion of
people without access to safe
drinking water by half
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Goal # 8
Develop a global partnership for
development
Target:
• Develop an open and fair
trading system with
commitments to good
governance and poverty
reduction
• Deal with the debt
problems of developing
countries
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
To achieve the
MDGs, improved
management of
resources is
necessary
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Examples of
sustainable
management of
natural resources
include:
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Promoting Environmentally
Sustainable Agriculture
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Planting Trees
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Together we can build
healthy communities!
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief