Download Lesson #1: The Cold War Begins

Lesson #1: The Cold
War Begins
Unit 10: The Cold War
Truman’s Presidency
Truman’s Presidency Post War
World II: Part I
Presidency from
April 12, 1945 to
January 20, 1953
United Nations was
created by 50 nations
meeting to establish
the charter. The goal
was “world peace”
and man believed it
was attainable
following World War
II
Allies Crash
The United States and Soviets had
different ambitions
United States
• Democracy and
free enterprise
economy
Soviet
Union
• Communism =
state controlled all
property and
economic activity
Tension Mount
United States’ Response
Containment
Policy to take any measure to prevent
the spread of communism to other
countries
Europe
Becomes divided into TWO political
regions
Western = Democratic
Eastern = Communist
Iron Curtain
Truman Doctrine
Stated the United States
should support free people
who are resisting attempted
subjugation by armed
minorities or by outside
pressures
Europe After the War
Chaotic and created a struggling
environment for many to live in
Marshall Plan
Plan giving aid to many Western
European countries making
communism not so appealing
Stalin take hold of West Berlin
He closes all highways and railways
into the city
Cuts off all food and fuel
The city could only survive for FIVE
weeks
Berlin Airlift
American and
British officials
flew food and
supplies into
Western Berlin
Berlin Airlift
For 327 days planes land every few
minutes
2.3 million tons of supplies are
delivered
Berlin survive because of the air lift
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain,
Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, United States and Canada
Pledged military support to one another in
case any member was attacked
First time in United States history that we
entered a military alliance in a time of peace
NATO
The Cold War had
ended any chance the
United States could go
back to isolationism
Truman’s Presidency Post War
World II: Part II
Korean War
1950: North
Korea was
controlled by
the Soviets and
South Korea its
own country
North Korea invades and South Korea
calls on the United Nations
UN votes to aid South Korea
Truman sends troops to Japan and even
a fleet to Taiwan and China
His way of showing off American
power
Back and forth at
the 38th Parallel
Soviet suggest
cease fire
War ends in a
stalemate
Increased fear of
communism
aggression
Truman’s Presidency Post War
World II: Part III
Americans become
terrified of
communism
Blacklist
A list of people the t
had condemned for
having a communist
back ground
500 people:
actors, writers,
producers and
directors = many
careers were
ruined
Senator Joseph
McCarthy was
the most
famous antiCommunist
activist
McCarthyism
Attacking
suspected
Communists
Eisenhower’s Presidency
Eisenhower’s Presidency:
Part I
Brinkmanship
Eisenhower’s
willingness to go to the
edge of all-out war
The Army and Navy
numbers decreased but
the Air Force numbers
increased
The number of US
nuclear weapons
increased as well =
The Soviet Union to
follow
H-Bomb
Hydrogen bomb
More destructive than the atomic bomb
Who could
come up with
the H-Bomb
first?
United
States
Russia
Lake in Russia made by a test dropping of a
H-Bomb
Arms Race
United States enjoyed a nuclear
monopoly following World War II
1952
1953
USA develops
H-Bomb
Soviet Union
develops
H-Bomb
Each side built more and
deadlier weapons
American citizens began to
ask questions and the
government found itself trying
to assure them
As the nation shifted to a
dependence on nuclear arms, the
Eisenhower administration began to
rely on the recently formed Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Eisenhower’s Presidency:
Part II
Warsaw Pact
The Soviet Union
grew fearful when
West Germany was
allowed to rearm and
joined NATO
They created the
Warsaw Pact which
linked the Soviet
Union with 7
Eastern European
countries
The Soviet Union’s
present grew in the
Middle East
Eisenhower stepped
in: Eisenhower
Doctrine
The US would
defend the
Middle East
against an attack
by any
communist
country
Eisenhower’s Presidency:
Part III
As a result of the Arms Race thousands of
Americans build fallout shelters
http://www.schooltube.com/video/cb909d4d4d47e02f8c80/Duck%20an
d%20Cover
Duck and Cover
Discussion Questions
Duck and Cover Questions
1
In the film, the narrator says that the
atomic bomb is “very dangerous”, and
equates it with other dangers children
face. What dangers are listed? Why
do you think the producers of the film
chose to do this?
Duck and Cover Question
2
How does the narrator describe what
happens in an atomic explosion? How
does the narrator describe what might
happen to children in an explosion?
How does the narrator describe “duck
and cover”?
Duck and Cover Questions
3
What two different types of nuclear
attacks does the narrator state might
happen? Which one does the narrator
claim probably will happen? Why do
you think the producers of the film
claimed this?
Duck and Cover Questions
4
In your view, did Civil Defense and the
producers of this film really believe the
“facts” presented in this film, or did
they believe the film would serve as
propaganda to ease the minds of
children or parents who were
concerned that war between the U.S.
and USSR was inevitable?
Duck and Cover Questions
5
Was the Cold War actually heighted
because of Civil Defense films that
made a nuclear conflict appear
“winnable”?
Homework
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