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Period: Name: Date: Causes of the Civil War: From Compromise to Conflict! TASK: create a table, identify descriptions, and prepare a colorful illustrated timeline of events leading to the outbreak of the American Civil War. PROCEDURE: Step 1. The list of events below has lost its chronological order! Your first task is to place the following 12 events in the correct chronological order, the date of each event, and the page number from the textbook. Use the “Causes Timeline” below to organize your research • Abraham Lincoln elected President • Kansas-Nebraska Act * The Missouri Compromise • Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter • Uncle Tom’s Cabin published • “Bleeding Kansas” • Dred-Scott decision • Republican Party formed • South Carolina seceded from the Union • Compromise of 1850 • Confederate States of America formed by seceding southern states • President Lincoln inaugurated “Causes Timeline” Year 1 Event Name Website or Page number in book 2. Next, write the missing event name of above each of the twelve summaries. If you read carefully, and think, there are clues in each summary to help you! 3. Finally, when you have completed steps 1 and 2, you may receive your timeline paper to begin creating your…timeline. You will createacolorful,illustratedtimeline that shows the sequence of events leading up to the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861! • Your timeline must have a heading and a title. • Your timeline is to be illustrated and must have a separate small, colorful visual for each event/person with illustrations appropriate to the theme and include a paraphrasing of each summary. • Your timeline could take many forms. Be creative and original, but be sure that your timeline somehow shows all of the events in proper chronological order! DUE DATE: Wed. Feb. 8th! 2 Period: Name: CATEGORY 20pts 15pts _ 10pts Date Due: Feb. 8th 5pts Accuracy – Summaries All of the events on the attached summary identification pages are correctly identified. One mistake on the attached summary identification pages. Accuracy – Timeline All of the events on the timeline are in correct chronological order 90% or more of the 75% or more of the events on the timeline are events on the timeline in correct chronological are in correct chronological order Less than 75% of the events on the timeline are in correct chronological order Accuracy – Chronology Table All of the events on the attached chronology table are in the correct order and each event has the correct historical date (with at least a month and year for each event). One mistake on the attached chronology table and/or not all events have a month and year for the historical date. Many errors on the attached chronology table and/or multiple events are missing an accurate historical date. At least two mistakes on the summary identification pages. At least two mistakes on the attached chronology table and/or not all events have a month and year for the historical date. The timeline is The timeline is attractive The timeline is Layout & Overall Quality exceptionally attractive in in terms of design, layout acceptably attractive Time & Effort terms of design, layout, and neatness and all illustrations on the timeline are welldesigned (size and colors) and clearly support the theme/content of the topic. and neatness and all illustrations on the timeline are well-designed (size and colors) and clearly support the theme/content of the topic. though it may be a bit messy. The Illustrations may be poorly designed and/or not understandably related to the topic. Class time was used wisely. Much time and effort went into the planning and creation of the mural. It is clear the students worked at home as well as at school. Class time was used wisely, but it did not appear there was much work done outside of class. Class time was not always used wisely, but additional work was done at home or other times during the day. Several mistakes on the summary identification pages or the summary pages are incomplete. The timeline is distractingly messy or very poorly designed. The symbols are hurriedly drawn and/or not colorful. It is not attractive. Class time was not used wisely and no additional effort was put in at other times or places. TOTAL SCORE: 3 Score Step 2: Complete the Event Names Directions: Read each event summary, and write the missing event name on the line provided. Use your “Causes Timeline” for the event names. Missouri's application for statehood in 1819 caused considerable controversy because, if it had been admitted as a slave state, Missouri would have tipped the balance in the Senate toward slave states. Opponents of slavery wanted Missouri to eliminate the institution prior to being admitted as a state; proponents thought that was a matter for Missouri alone to decide. On March 3, 1820, the Missouri Compromise, hammered out by Speaker of the House Henry Clay, solved the problem at least temporarily by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) as a free state. The law further provided that, Missouri excepted, slavery would be prohibited in the Louisiana Territory north of 36°30' north latitude and permitted south of that line. Under terms hammered out by Congress, then, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, while Maine entered as a free state. Slavery was banned in the remainder of the territory north of the southern border of Missouri. The Kansas-Nebraska Act angered many Northerners. They were unhappy with the two main political parties of the time, the Whigs and the Democrats, because neither party had taken a strong stand against allowing slavery in land that had previously been closed to slavery. They joined together to form a new political party. One of the main goals of moderates in this new party was to limit slavery to where it already existed. Some radical members of this party called for the complete abolition of slavery. 4 The people of the west needed a new railroad. Some wanted a southern route that would start in New Orleans and cross the southwest through the newly acquired Gadsden Purchase. Others wanted a more northern route. The leader of those favoring the northern route was Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. Douglas wanted the new railroad to start in Chicago, in his home state, and cross some yet-unorganized territory in the Louisiana Purchase. Douglas proposed a bill in Congress that would organize the land in question into two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska. In order for his bill to pass he needed to gain the support of southern members of Congress. Douglas proposed in this bill that “popular sovereignty” be used to decide whether or not slavery would be allowed in these new territories. When this bill passed it meant that slavery could then be allowed in land where it had been banned by the Missouri Compromise of 1820, because both Kansas and Nebraska were above the 36º 30’ line! In effect, then, Douglas’ plan overturned the Missouri Compromise and opened more land to slavery. This man was a member of the Republican Party, a party that was made up of people who wanted to abolish slavery or limit it to areas where it already existed. When he was elected President, the people of the South saw it as an attack by the North on their way of life. While he had been elected the previous November, President Lincoln did not officially take office until almost four months later. In his speech following the swearing-in ceremony he promised the South not to interfere with slavery where it already existed., and stated his position that no state could legally secede from the United States. All states would be expected to obey the laws of the United States. Lincoln concluded by saying, “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect, and defend it.” The states that had seceded had seized United States property within their borders. One post that had not been taken was Fort Sumter on an island in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. The Confederate government demanded the surrender of this fort. Lincoln chose to refuse, and sent ships with supplies to help the troops holding Fort Sumter. Before the supply ships could arrive, however, the Confederates attacked the fort and forced it to surrender. With this act the Civil War had begun. 5 A slave sued his owner hoping to win his freedom. He argued that since he had lived with his owner for a period of time in a territory that did not allow slavery, he should be a free person. The case eventually reached the Supreme Court of the United States. That court ruled that because he was a slave he was not a citizen of the U.S. and had none of the rights of a citizen. Because he was not a citizen he had no right to sue his owner, and so he must remain a slave The Supreme Court went even further. It said that slaves were “property,” just like a cow or a wagon. It ruled that the government had no right to deny citizens of their property, and therefore slave owners could not be forbidden to take their slaves into any territories belonging to the United States. The individual states could outlaw slavery within their borders, but the territories of the U.S. must be open equally to all citizens. What this meant, in effect, was that all territories were open to slavery, including all the lands of the Louisiana Purchase. This decision outraged people in the North, and encouraged people in the South. Lincoln had been elected President. This meant that the people of the North, using their larger population, had elected a person who was a member of a party that was openly against slavery. To many people in the South this was unacceptable. Rather than accept this situation the government of South Carolina voted to secede from, or “quit,” the United States. Other southern states soon did the same thing. A book, a work of fiction, further divided North and South. The book portrayed slavery as an evil, and all slave owners as evil people who mistreated their slaves. Southerners were outraged by this book. Northerners mostly believed it gave a true picture of slavery. During the Civil War President Lincoln was introduced to Harriet Beecher Stowe, the person who wrote the book. He greeted her with the words, “...so this is the little lady who caused this great big war.” Following the passage of the KansasNebraska Act many people from both North and South began to move into the new territory of Kansas. Both sides, pro-slavery and anti-slavery, hoped to be able to gain a majority and win the vote as to whether or not Kansas would allow slavery when it became a state. The people on one side of this question obviously disliked people who held the opposite view. Eventually, fighting broke out between the two sides. In 1861 Kansas entered the Union as a “free” state, but in the meantime many people had been killed in the fighting. 6 California wanted to become a free state. People in the North wanted this, while people in the South were against it. Finally, a solution was found. In return for allowing California to enter the Union as a “free” state, Congress passed a stronger Fugitive Slave Act to help the slave owners in the South. The remainder of the Mexican Cession was divided into two large territories, Utah and New Mexico. The people of these territories were to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery when their territories became states. This idea was called “popular sovereignty.” Following the election of Abraham Lincoln as President, a number of states seceded from the Union. They joined together to form what they called a new nation, the Confederate States of America. Eventually a total of eleven states announced their secession from the United States and the membership in the new C.S.A. Jefferson Davis, a former U.S. Senator and Secretary of War, was elected as the first President of the Confederacy. KEY TO DATES: • Missouri Compromise - March 3, 1820 • Compromise of 1850 - September 1850 • Uncle Tom’s Cabin published - March 1852 • Kansas-Nebraska Act - May 1854 • Republican Party formed - July 1854 • fighting broke out between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in “Bleeding Kansas” - May 1856 • Dred Scott decision - March 1857 • Abraham Lincoln elected President - November 1860 • South Carolina seceded from the Union - December 1860 • Confederate States of America formed by seceding southern states February 1861 • Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter; Civil War began - April 1861 • President Lincoln inaugurated - March 1861 7