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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 6 – Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The first step a cell must undergo to acquire autonomous growth potential is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Progression
Initiation
Transformation
Alteration
Ans: B
2. Examples of chemical carcinogens include all of the following except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cigarette smoke
Vinyl chloride
Human papillomavirus
Ultraviolet radiation
Ans: C
3. The TNM system is used for staging cancers. If a patient receives the result they have
Stage IV colon cancer, which of the following would represent their TNM status?
A.
B.
C.
D.
T1 N0 M0
T3 N0 M0
T4 N0 M0
T2 N2 M1
Ans: D
4. Screening tests for cancer include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
PAP smear
Biopsy
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Colonoscopy
Ans: B
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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 6 – Test Bank
5. The most aggressive growths will appear this way under microscopic examination…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Poorly differentiated
Atypical
Well-differentiated
Low grade
Ans: A
6. The most common cancer in women is ___________ cancer, but more women die of
________________ cancer.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Breast; lung
Lung; colon
Colon; lymphoma
Lymphoma; breast
Cervix; breast
Ans: A
7. An agent that causes cancer is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an initiator
a promoter
a carcinogen
a transformer
an oncogene
Ans: C
8. Specialized copies of DNA that code for growth factors contributory to neoplasia are
called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Oncogenes
Promoters
Mutations
Tumor suppressor genes
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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 6 – Test Bank
E. Initiators
Ans: A
9. Which of the following has NOT been implicated in causing cancer:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
chemicals in foods, such as aflatoxin
viral carcinogens, such as HPV
exposure to ultraviolet radiation (sunlight)
inhalation of certain chemical dusts, such as asbestos
exposure to high-voltage power lines
Ans: E
10. Cancer of which of the following organs would be LEAST likely to exhibit local and
systemic manifestations, thus delaying diagnosis and decreasing chances of survival?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pancreas
Colon
Skin
Bladder
Cervix
Ans: A
11. A 63 year old woman develops breast cancer. Which of the following is the most likely
manner in which the cancer will become noticeable
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
she feels a lump during her monthly breast self-examination
she develops a cough with bloody sputum production
she has pain with breathing.
she is anemic
she develops an opportunistic infection
Ans: A
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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 6 – Test Bank
12. A surgeon, in removing a large mass from the colon of a 55 year old woman, states that
the mass extends beyond the bowel wall into the pelvis. This observation has implications
for all of the following except
A.
B.
C.
D.
Determining the stage of the cancer
Treatment offered the patient once she recovers from surgery
The patient’s prognosis
The patient’s children, who are at greater risk of having inherited a mutation
predisposing them to early-onset colon cancer
Ans: D
13. Which of the following contribute to accurate staging of a cancer:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Knowing the size of the tumor and the extent to which it has invaded local tissues.
Knowing whether there are metastases to regional lymph nodes.
Knowing whether there are metastases to distant organs.
Knowing the size of distant organ metastases.
A, B and C
Ans: E
14. A 63 year old man with a long smoking history develops lung cancer. The LEAST likely
manner in which this cancer will manifest is:
A. A nodule is detected in the lung on a chest X-ray taken to evaluate the possibility that
he might have pneumonia.
B. A mass is felt on deep palpation of the chest.
C. The patient has a productive cough.
D. The patient sees specks of blood in his sputum.
E. The patient experiences severe pain with breathing.
Ans: B
15. In the context of neoplasia, “stage” refers to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
The extent of spread of a cancer through the body.
The size of the tumor.
The degree of atypia of malignant cells.
The amount of functional disability the tumor has caused.
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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 6 – Test Bank
E. The type of therapy that is necessary to cure the cancer.
Ans: A
True/False
16. Hormonal therapy plays a significant role in the regression of breast and prostate cancer.
Ans: True
17. Chemotherapy is generally most effective with tumors composed fo rapidly dividing
cells.
Ans: False
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