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Five Factor Model Factor analysis R technique – large groups of subjects take a variety of personality tests - scores are intercorrelated 1. measure surface traits indecisiveness tendency to brood depression aggressiveness competitiveness conceit 2. look for source traits - indecisiveness, depression and tendency to brood are highly intercorrelated suggests a common factor, a primary factor tentative label: guilt proneness - aggressiveness, competitiveness and conceit are also highly intercorrelated - suggests another primary factor - tentative label: dominance Factor loading – the degree of association between a surface variable and its underlying factor 3. Identify second-order factors -Primary factors: suspiciousness guilt-proneness ego weakness innate tension Possible label: 1 Five Factor Model/Big Five - Associated with the NEO-PI Five Factor Inventory - 300 items - to what degree is a statement characteristic of the person - 5-point scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree) The Factors (Supertraits) Extraversion – interpersonal interaction activity level need for stimulation Agreeableness – quality of interpersonal orientation Conscientiousness – degree of persistence, motivation and organization in goal-directed behavior Emotionality/Neuroticism – adjustment vs. emotional instability Intellect/Openness to Experience – appreciation of experience; tolerance and exploration of the unfamiliar Limitations of the Five - Factor Model: - self-report measures Note: self-ratings and observer ratings show agreement - labeling the factors - reductionist: does knowing the parts help us know the person? Note: Facets are better predictors of behavior - does it explain anything? - circular: behavior infers the trait, which explains the behavior 2 - universal? - research using translated questionnaires yielded four of the five factors in the Philippines, Japan and Hong Kong - research using Chinese terms commonly used for personality yielded somewhat similar factors: social orientation, competence, expressiveness, self-control, and optimism 3