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CUSTOMER_CODE SMUDE DIVISION_CODE SMUDE EVENT_CODE JULY15 ASSESSMENT_CODE MR0006_JULY15 QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 125629 QUESTION_TEXT Name any 4 organelles present in cell cytoplasm. Explain the functions of any 2 of them. Organelles present in cell cytoplasm: SCHEME OF EVALUATION 1. The Endoplasmic reticulum 2. Golgi complex 3. Lysosomes 4. Peroxisomes 5. Mitochondria (Any 4- ½ mark each- 2 marks) Function of Golgi complex: a. processing the proteins that have come from ER into finished products. b. Golgi complex sorts and directs the finished products to their final destinations. Function of Mitochondria: a. It generates and stores ATP. (Functions of any 2 of Organelles- 4 marks each- 8 marks) QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 125630 Write short notes on: QUESTION_TEXT a. b. Oligo dendrocytes Astrocytes a. c. Fast oxonal transport d. Myelin sheath e. Microglia Oligodendrocytes: Somewhat resemble an octopus; they have a bulbous body with as many as 15 arm- like processes. b. Astrocytes: Astrocytes are the most abundant and functionally diverse glia in the CNS and constitute over 90% of the tissue in some areas of the brain. They are many branched and have a somewhat star like shape. c. Fast oxonal transport: Fast oxonal transport occurs at a rate of 20 to 400mm/day and may be either anterograde or retrograde: SCHEME OF EVALUATION Fast anterograde transport moves mitochondria, synaptic vesicles, other orgabelles, components of the axolemma, calcium ions, enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and small molecules such as glucose, amino acids and nucleotides. d. Myelin sheath: The myelin sheath is an insulating layer around a nerve fiber, somewhat like the rubber insulation on a wire. It i9s formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. e. Microglia: Microglia are small macrophages that develop from white blood cells called monocytes. They wander through the CNS and phagocytize dead nervous tissue, microorganisms and other foreign matter. (2 marks each- 10 marks) QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 125631 QUESTION_TEXT Name 5 extraocular muscles. Give their nerve supply and actions. SCHEME OF EVALUATION a. Superior oblique: Nerve Supply- Trochlear nerve Action of the muscle- Depression of the eyeball, Lateral rotation of the eyeball. b. Inferior oblique: Nerve Supply- Oculomotor nerve Action of the muscle- Elevation of the eyeball lateral rotation of the eyeball extortion. c. Superior rectus: Nerve Supply- Oculomotor nerve Action of the muscle- Elevation of the eyeball, medial rotation Intortion. d. Inferior rectus: Nerve Supply- Oculomotor nerve Action of the muscle- Depression of the eyeball, medial rotation of the eyeball Extortion. e. Medial rectus: Nerve Supply- Oculomotor nerve Action of the muscle- Medial rotation of the eyeball. (2 marks each- 10 marks) QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 125632 QUESTION_TEXT Give the source and actions of: i. Prolactin ii. FSH iii. ADH iv. Growth harmone v. Oxytocin i. SCHEME OF EVALUATION Prolactin: It is another homone secretedfrom antior pituitary gland. a. helps in development breasts in pregnancy. b. Stimulates milk production after child birth. ii. FSH: FSH and LH together are known as gonadotrophic hormones. FSH: it stimulates oogenesis in females and spermatogenesis in males. LH: it stimulates the secretion of female and male sex hormones. iii. ADH: It regulates the body water content, by acting on the kidneys. When body water content is less, this hormone acts on kidney to retain more water. So, the volume of urine formed will be less. If body water is more, the hormone secreted is less. Somore water is excreted from the body in the form of urine. Deficiency of this hormone leads to a condition called diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus: in ADH deficiency, more water is lost from the body in urine. A condition known as polyuria. Excessive loss of water from the body stimulates the thirst centre, causing increased thirst in the individual which leads to an increase in water intake known as polydypsia. iv. Growth harmone: It is secreted by anterior pituitary gland. It is a peptide hormone. Action: a. Increase in blood sugar level b. Breakdown of neutral fats and triglycerides c. Protiens synthesis v. Oxytocin: the production of milk in the breast is controlled by prolactin. But the “coming out” or release of milk from breast is influenced by oxytonic.when the baby suckes the breast, it results in oxytocin secretion, which brings about ejection of milk.