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KINE 2385: A&P for Kinesiology
TEST #2
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that
6. Cells that store fat are called
best completes the statement or answers the
 adipocytes.
question.
 fibroblasts.
1. Each of the following is a primary tissue type
 melanocytes.
except one. Identify the exception.
 macrophages.
 muscle tissue
 mast cells.
 bone tissue
 connective tissue
7. Loose connective tissue functions in
 epithelial tissue
 filling spaces between organs.
 nervous tissue
 supporting epithelia and anchoring blood
vessels.
2. Collections of specialized cells and cell products
 storing starch and lipids.
that perform a specific function are:
 A and B only.
 organs.
 none of the above.
 tissues.
 organ systems.
8. The cell that accounts for almost half the volume
 cellular aggregates.
of blood is the
 cellular strata.
 leukocyte.
 platelet.
3. Which of the following is a type of secretion in
 phagocyte.
which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?
 red blood cell.
 merocrine
 none of the above
 holocrine
 apocrine
9. Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are
 mucous
to
 none of the above
 bone.
 blood.
4. Functions of connective tissue include
 epithelium.
 transporting fluids and dissolved
 fat.
materials.
 nervous tissue.
 establishing a structural framework for
the body.
10. The most common type of cartilage is
 providing protection for delicate organs.
 elastic.
 storing energy reserves.
 osseous.
 all of the above.
 fibrocartilage.
 hyaline.
5. The fibrous components of connective tissue are
 ligamentous.
produced by
 adipocytes.
11. Tissue that is specialized for contraction is
 fibroblasts.
 cartilage.
 macrophages.
 connective tissue.
 melanocytes.
 nerve tissue.
 mast cells.
 muscle.
 epithelium.
12. The muscle tissue which shows no striations is
 multinucleated muscle.
 skeletal muscle.
 smooth muscle.
 cardiac muscle.
 voluntary muscle.
13. The muscle tissue that is generally multinucleate
is
 voluntary muscle.
 cardiac muscle.
 smooth muscle.
 multinucleate muscle.
 skeletal muscle.
14. Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of
electrical impulses is called
 epithelial tissue.
 nervous tissue.
 osseous tissue.
 muscle tissue.
 areolar tissue.
15. The neuron is made up of all of the following
EXCEPT
 dendrites.
 an axon.
 nerve fibers.
 a soma.
 a synapse.
16. Perspiration is an example of what type of
secretion?
 endocrine
 holocrine
 serous
 apocrine
 merocrine
17. Cells that remove damaged cells or pathogens
from connective tissue are
 adipocytes.
 mast cells.
 fibroblasts.
 macrophages.
 melanocytes.
18. Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly?
 Damaged collagen cannot be quickly
replaced, thus slowing the healing
process.
 Chondrocytes cannot be replaced if
killed, and other cell types must take
their place.
 Cartilage is avascular so nutrients and
other molecules must diffuse to the site
of injury.
 Damaged cartilage becomes calcified,
thus blocking the movement of materials
required for healing.
 Chondrocytes divide more slowly than
other cell types, delaying the healing
process.
19. Cardiac muscle differs from the other two types
of muscle tissue in that cardiac muscle
 contains actin and myosin filaments.
 has visible striations.
 forms muscle fibers.
 has only one nucleus per cell.
 has the ability to contract independent of
neural stimulation.
20. Types of muscle tissue include
 bone, elastic connective, and simple
columnar.
 simple squamous, adipose, and smooth.
 skeletal, smooth, and fibrous.
 skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
 fibrous connective, stratified squamous,
and skeletal.
21. Examples of fibrous connective tissue include
 tendons.
 salivary glands.
 ligaments.
 respiratory passages.
 A and D only.
22. The functions of connective tissues include
 support.
 storage of adipose.
 protection.
 all of the above.
 none of the above.
23. Which lacks a direct blood supply?
 muscle
 cartilage
 skin
 bone
 nerves
30. The lining of the marrow cavity is called the
 periosteum.
 perimysium.
 myometrium.
 epimysium.
 endosteum.
24. Another term for skeletal muscle tissue is
 striated voluntary.
 cardiac.
 smooth voluntary.
 involuntary.
 smooth.
31. The following are major steps in the process of
endochondral ossification
1. Blood vessels invade the perichondrium.
2. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity.
3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify.
4. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with
spongy bone.
5. The perichondrium is converted into
periosteum, and the inner layer produces bone.
The correct order for these events is
 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
 1, 5, 3, 4, 2
 2, 3, 1, 5, 4
 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
25. Functions of the skeletal system include
 support.
 protection.
 blood cell production.
 storage.
 all of the above.
26. Mature bone cells are termed
 osteocytes.
 osteoclasts.
 osteoblasts.
 osteons.
 chondrocytes.
27. Cells that synthesize the organic components of
the bone matrix are termed
 osteoblasts.
 osteocytes.
 osteoclasts.
 stem cells.
 chondrocytes.
28. Large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the
bony matrix are termed
 osteocytes.
 osteoblasts.
 osteoclasts.
 stem cells.
 chondrocytes.
29. The shaft of a long bone is called the
 osteon.
 epiphyseal plate.
 epiphysis.
 diaphysis.
 lamella.
32. Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood
stimulate the secretion of the hormone
 growth hormone.
 parathyroid hormone.
 testosterone.
 thyroid hormone.
 calcitonin.
33. The hormone calcitonin functions to
 increase the rate of bone deposition.
 stimulate osteoclast activity.
 decrease the rate of calcium excretion.
 decrease the level of calcium ion in the
blood.
 do all of the above.
34. Vitamin D is necessary for
 increasing osteoclast activity.
 reducing osteoblast activity.
 collagen formation.
 absorption and transport of calcium and
phosphate ions.
 the formation of the organic framework of
bone.
35. A lack of exercise would
 increase the length of a bone.
 cause bones to store more calcium.
 have no effect on a bone.
 cause bones to become thicker.
 result in thin, brittle bones.
36. The normal loss of bone that occurs with aging is
called
 osteopenia.
 osteoporosis.
 osteoinflammation.
 bone cancer.
 osteogenesis.
40. Which of the following statements is
INCORRECT?
 The contractions of skeletal muscles pull
on tendons and move elements of the
skeleton
 Skeletal muscles support the weight of
some internal organs
 Skeletal muscle contractions help
maintain body temperature
 Skeletal muscles are responsible for the
pumping action of the heart
 Skeletal muscles are responsible for
guarding the openings of the digestive
and urinary tracts
37. Types of tissue found in bones include all of the
following EXCEPT
 blood.
 fibrous connective tissue.
 muscle tissue.
 cartilage.
 nerve tissue.
41. The dense layer of collagen fibers that surround
an entire skeletal muscle is the
 epimysium.
 tendon.
 endomysium.
 fascicle.
 perimysium.
38. Inadequate ossification as a result of the aging
process is termed:
 osteogenesis.
 osteopenia.
 osteoporosis.
 rickets.
 osteomalacia.
42. Nerves and blood vessels that service the
muscle fibers are located in the connective
tissues of the
 myofibrils.
 endomysium.
 sarcomere.
 perimysium.
 sarcolemma.
39. Which of the following is a(are) function(s) of
skeletal muscle?
 maintain posture
 produce movement
 maintain body temperature
 A and B only
 all of the above
43. The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the
skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle
fibers together is the
 epimysium.
 periosteum.
 sarcolemma.
 endomysium.
 perimysium.
44. The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a
skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone
is called a(n)
 fascicle.
 epimysium.
 myofibril.
 tendon.
 ligament.
45. Skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in
that these muscle fibers
 lack mitochondria.
 are very small.
 lack a cell membrane.
 have many nuclei.
 all of the above.
51. The area of the sarcomere that contains only thin
filaments is the
 Z line.
 A band.
 H band.
 M line.
 I band.
46. The cell membrane of skeletal muscle is called
the
 sarcoplasm.
 sarcolemma.
 sarcomere.
 sarcoplasmic reticulum.
 sarcosome.
52. The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores
 oxygen.
 glucose.
 calcium ions.
 ATP.
 glycogen.
47. The cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber is called
the
 sarcoplasmic reticulum.
 sarcosome.
 sarcomere.
 sarcoplasm.
 sarcolemma.
48. The functional unit of skeletal muscle is the
 myofilament.
 sarcolemma.
 sarcomere.
 sarcoplasmic reticulum.
 myofibril.
49. Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are
attached to the
 M line.
 A band.
 I band.
 Z line.
 H band.
50. The area of the sarcomere containing the thick
filaments is the
 M line.
 Z line.
 I band.
 H band.
 A band.
53. Active sites on actin become available for binding
when
 myosin binds to troponin.
 calcium binds to tropomyosin.
 actin binds to troponin.
 calcium binds to troponin.
 troponin binds to tropomyosin.
54. In response to action potentials arriving from the
transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum
releases
 calcium ions.
 sodium ions.
 potassium ions.
 acetylcholine.
 all of the above.
55. When a calcium ion binds to troponin,
 tropomyosin moves out of the groove
between the actin molecules.
 muscle relaxation occurs.
 active sites on the myosin are exposed.
 actin heads will bind to myosin.
 all of the above occur.
56. The type of contraction represented by a single
stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence is
 tetany.
 a twitch.
 a spasm.
 recovery.
 recruitment.
57. The smooth but steady increase in muscle
tension produced by increasing the number of
active motor units is called
 tetany.
 a twitch.
 recovery.
 relaxation.
 recruitment.
58. The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers
produce increased tension, but do NOT shorten
is called
 recruitment.
 isotonic.
 a twitch.
 isometric.
 tetany.
59. Fast fibers
 have high resistance to fatigue.
 have many mitochondria.
 have a high concentration of myoglobin.
 contract quickly.
 have or do all of the above.
60. The type of muscle fiber that is best adapted for
endurance is the
 anaerobic fiber.
 slow fiber.
 high density fiber.
 intermediate fiber.
 fast fiber.
61. Muscles comprising the quadriceps group include
the
 peroneus, gastrocnemius, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris.
 rectus femoris, vastus intermedius,
vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.
 rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus,
and adductor longus.
 semitendinosis, biceps femoris, rectus
femoris, and vastus medialis.
 iliopsoas, gracilis, adductor magnus,
biceps femoris, and gracilis.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best
completes each statement or answers the question.
62. The protein __________ works with myosin and
is responsible for muscle contraction and
relaxation.
63. A muscle __________ contains a sarcolemma,
sarcoplasm, filaments, and myofibrils.
64. A sheath of connective tissue surrounding a
bundle of striated muscle fibers is called
__________.
65. A sheath surrounding each skeletal muscle fiber
is called __________.
66. Match the muscle in the first column with its
action in the second column.
_____ 1. deltoid
A. flexes and
abducts palm
_____ 2. pectoralis major
B. abducts arm
_____ 3. biceps brachii
C. extends
forearm
_____ 4. triceps brachii
D. flexes,
adducts, and medially rotates humerus
_____ 5. flexor carpi radialis
E. flexes and
supinates forearm