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Written Communication Nicole – Clyn - Javier The passive voice Outline of presentation How to change active to passive When to use ‘by’ Situations for passive Different verb tenses Play with the passive voice The definition of the passive voice In traditional grammar, verb form (or voice) in which the grammatical subject receives the verb`s action Why use passive voice ? The doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence The writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action The writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety. How to change active to passive Example: “Justin mailed the letter” 231 Active Voice Justin mailed the letter Subject Verb Direct Object Passive Voice The letter was mailed by Justin Subject Verb + be auxiliary Prepositional phrase When to use ‘by’ When the writer wishes to emphasize the doer of the action rather than the action that is being performed Example: A suspect was questioned for sixteen hours by the police Situations for passive When do we use the passive voice? To emphasize the action with the unknown subject Active: Someone killed that woman last night. (who killed her?) That woman was killed last night. To emphasize an object Active: All the Universities in US required 2 recommend letters ( how many letters are required?) Two recommend letters are required to apply for university Different verb tenses "to be" + a past participle Simple Present: The car is designed Present perfect: The car has been designed Past: The car was designed Past perfect: The car had been designed Future: The car will be designed Future perfect: The car will have been designed Present progressive: The car is being designed Past progressive: The car was being designed Play with passive voice Simple Present Active The company ships the computers to many foreign countries Passive Computers are shipped to many foreign countries Play with passive voice Present Progressive Active The chef is preparing the food Passive The food is being prepared by the chef Play with passive voice Simple Past Active The delivery man delivered the package yesterday Passive The package was delivered yesterday by the delivery man Play with passive voice Past Progressive Active The producer was making an announcement Passive An announcement was being made by the producer Play with passive voice Future Active Our representative will pick up the computer Passive The computer will be picked up by our representative Play with passive voice Present Perfect Active Someone has made the arrangements for us Passive The arrangements have been made for us Play with passive voice Past Perfect Active They had given us visas for three months Passive We had been given visas for three months Play with passive voice Future Perfect Active By next month we will have finished this job Passive By next month this job will have been finished Play with passive voice Modals Active You can use the computer Passive The computer can be used Thank you very much 非常感谢 cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều Muchas gracias