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Subject: Physical Science Timeframe Needed for Completion: 20 days Grade Level: 9-12 Grading Period: 1st 9 weeks Unit Title: Energy Big Idea/Theme: Energy Understandings: Understand types of energy, conservation of energy and energy transfer. Understand the nature of waves. Essential Questions: Essential Standards: PSc.3.1.1 Explain thermal energy and its transfer. How do you know something has PSc.3.1.2 Explain the law of conservation of energy in a energy? mechanical system in terms of kinetic energy, How can one form of energy change potential energy and heat. into another? PSc.3.1.3 Explain work in terms of the relationship among How do humans use energy the applied force to an object, the resulting transformations for their daily lives? displacement of the object, and the energy How is the world around us connected transferred to an object. to energy? PSc.3.1.4 Explain the relationship among work, power and Explain how the understanding of simple machines both qualitatively and waves helps use to improve our lives? quantitatively. How do machines make our lives PSc.3.2.1 Explain the relationships among wave frequency, easier? wave period, wave velocity, amplitude, and wavelength through calculation and investigation. PSc.3.2.2 Compare waves (mechanical, electromagnetic, and surface) using their characteristics. PSc.3.2.3 Classify waves as transverse or compressional (longitudinal). PSc.3.2.4 Illustrate the wave interactions of reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Essential Skills/Vocabulary: Assessment/Updated Resources: Familiar Phenomenon Probe: Thermometer PSc.3.1.1 Thermal energy “Heat” Lab • Infer the ability of various materials to Specific Heat Podcast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dA3ePiwSyGY absorb or release Specific Heat Calculations thermal energy in order to conceptually Specific Heat of Metals Lab (lab manual p.43) relate mass, Methods of Heat Transfer: Learn 360 specific heat capacity, and temperature of Balloon in a Candle Flame experiment Quickwrite: How is the most powerful person in the room? Why? materials to Work and Power calculations the amount of heat transferred. (Calculations Power Lab with Simple Machines Song-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiLI6q5wsw0 q=mCp∆T be used to aid in conceptual Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency ppt development Mechanical advantage lab through laboratory investigation and Simple Machines video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAPxALm9fZA analysis, not as Rube Goldberg “Simple Machine” - Hammer a Nail http://2.bp.blogspot.com/problem-solving exercises.) KsdIvJUd5wQ/UBgcpxgAbiI/AAAAAAAAHQE/BGTUkEJBg3Y/s1600/Rube+Goldberg+Self • Compare thermal energy, heat, and +Operating+Napkin+original+art+2.jpg temperature. Teacher Domain Roller Coaster Video http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/hew06.sci.phys.maf.rollercoaster/ • Relate phase changes to latent heat that PE & KE Youtube tutorial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs changes the PE & KE Calculations potential energy of particles while the The energy of a pendulum ( p.25 lab manual) average kinetic Properties of Waves Interactive lesson energy of particles (temperature) remains http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/waves/generalwavesrev2.shtml the same. (Link Properties of Waves Notes http://www.slideshare.net/hmsoh/longitudinal-and-transverseto PSc.2.1.2) waves-5212253 • Compare conduction, convection, and Review & Quiz radiation as http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/waves/generalwaves methods of energy transfer. act.shtml PSc.3.1.2 • Exemplify the relationship between kinetic energy, potential energy, and heat to illustrate that total energy is conserved in mechanical systems such as a http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/environmentnews/us-ocean-floor-mapping-vin/ Sonar Video AIM-reflection AIM-refraction Now you see it! Now you don’t! http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=blEvcGWMUss pendulum, roller coaster, cars/balls on ramps, etc. • Relate types of friction in a system to the transformation of mechanical energy to heat. PSc.3.1.3 • Explain scenarios in which work is done, identifying the force, displacement, and energy transferwork requires energy; when work is done on an object, the result is an increase in its energy and is accompanied by a decrease in energy somewhere else. • Compare scenarios in which work is done and conceptually explain the differences in magnitude of work done using the relationship . W=Fd PSc.3.1.4 • Infer the work and power relationship: P= w Fd = =F v t t • Determine the component simple machines present in complex machines – categorize a wedge and screw as variations of an inclined plane; a pulley and wheel & axle as variations of a lever. • Explain the relationship between work input and work Waves concept map output for simple machines using the law of conservation of energy. • Define and determine ideal and actual mechanical advantage: IMA= • Define machines: and Efficiency= dE dR AMA= determine FR FE efficiency Wout X 100 Win • Explain why no machine can be 100% efficient. PSc.3.2.1 • Identify the basic characteristics of a longitudinal (compressional) wave: amplitude, rarefaction, and compression. • Recognize the relationship between period and frequency (focus on conceptual understanding of this inverse relationship). • Explain the relationship among velocity, frequency, and wavelength and use it to solve wave problems: vw=fλ • Exemplify wave energy as related to its amplitude and independent of velocity, frequency or wavelength. of PSc.3.2.2 • Classify waves as one of three types: mechanical, electromagnetic or surface waves based on their characteristics. • Compare different wave types based on how they are produced, wave speed, type of material (medium) required, and motion of particles. PSc.3.2.3 Compare compressional (longitudinal) and transverse waves in terms of particle motion relative to wave direction. PSc.3.2.4 • Illustrate reflection and refraction of waves at boundaries: reflection of a transverse pulse at the fixed-end of a spring or rope; reflection of sound (SONAR) and radio waves (RADAR); reflection of water (surface) waves; refraction of water waves as the depth of the water changes; sound as it changes media; refraction of light as it passes from air into water, glass, oil etc. • Illustrate the effects of wave interference (superposition)–constructive and destructive interference of surface waves, mechanical waves (sound, pulses in springs/ropes, etc.), light (soap bubbles/thin films, diffraction gratings). Emphasis is on conceptual understanding – not mathematical relationships. Materials Suggestions: NCSCOS Support Documents Computer lab AVID Science resources Art paper Lab supplies