Download Mitosis - Dickinson ISD

Warm Up
• Monday November 26, 2012
• What is a cycle? Explain in
your own words.
The Cell Cycle
&
Cell Division
Notes
Objectives
1) Describe the stage of the cell cycle
(include DNA replication & mitosis).
2) Describe the importance of the cell cycle
to the growth of an organism.
Cell Cycle
Animated Cycle
http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
Cell Cycle
= sequence of growth & division
• Consists of :
1) Interphase
2) Mitosis
3) Cytokinesis
Cell Division
= separation of 1 cell into 2 daughter cells
• Involves mitosis & cytokinesis
Interphase
= stage of the cell cycle when the cell is not
in mitosis (between cell divisions)
• LONGEST stage of cell cycle
1) Period of growth & development
2) DNA copied (AKA replicated or
duplicated)
3) Cell doubles amount of cytoplasm
Interphase: G0 Phase
= resting phase
• AKA Gap Zero
• Only occurs in cells that do not divide
often or ever
Interphase: G1 Phase
= cell increases in mass (organelles) &
volume (cytoplasm), protein synthesis
occurs
• Cell grows & functions normally
• AKA “growth phase”
Interphase: S Phase
= DNA is synthesized & chromosomes are
duplicated
• S represents synthesis
– Synthesis = _________________
Interphase: G2 Phase
• cell continues growth & prepares for
mitosis
Cell Cycle: M Phase
• cell enters Mitosis (cell division)
***Will talk about steps in Mitosis tomorrow
Review: Interphase
- DNA replicated
- Protein synthesized
- Organelles
replicated
- Cell increases in
size & volume
Interphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Chromosomes
= super-coiled, thread-like structures located
inside the nucleus
Chromosome
• Each made of:
1) Protein
2) Single molecules of
deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA)
• Passed from parent to
offspring
• DNA makes you
unique
Chromosomes
• Vary in # & shape among living things
– Humans have 23 pairs
• Each cell has 2 sets
– Came from “mom” & “dad”
Cells: 2 Main Types
1. Diploid = cells that contain both sets of
homologous chromosomes
– 23 pairs in humans
– Homologous = shows degree of similarity that
indicates a common origin
• Somatic Cells = body cells
– Examples: lung, skin, heart, brain\
– Sometimes written as 2N
Cells: 2 Main Types
2. Haploid- cells that contain a single set of
homologous chromosomes
– Are NOT paired
– Sometimes written as N
• Reproductive (sex) Cells
– Examples: sperm & eggs
– AKA gametes
Summary
Draw a line in your notes and write a 3-5
sentence summary.
REMINDER: each sentence must
include SPECIFIC information that you
learned today.
Avid Thinking Strategy
• TV Commercial: 30 seconds of fame!
Directions:
Write a 30 second TV commercial
advertising cell cycle/interphase. Use at
least 3 scientific terms pertaining to the
topic. Draw a picture to go along with your
commercial.
Hint: Sell me something I need!!
# 14 page 11
Warm Up
• Tuesday November 27, 2012
• Define cell division in your own
words.
MITOSIS NOTES
Objectives
1) List the stages mitosis.
2) Describe what occurs during each stage
of mitosis.
Mitosis
= the process of cell division that results in
two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
1)One type of cell division
2)Results in two identical daughter cells
from a single parent cell.
3)The daughter cells are identical to one
another and to the original parent cell.
Mitosis
4) Mitosis allows for growth and replaces
worn out or damaged cells.
Mitosis can be divided into stages
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
Prophase
1.DNA begins to shorten & thicken
2.Now called chromatids / chromosomes
3.Centromeres form
4.Nuclear membrane breaks apart
5.Spindle fibers form
Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear
division
Prophase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Metaphase
The cell prepares
chromosomes for division
1.Chromatids / chromosomes line up at the
center of the cell.
2.Centromere attaches to spindle fibers
Metaphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Anaphase
The chromosomes divide
1.Centromeres divide
2.Spindle fibers shorten
3.Chromatid pairs separate – move to ends
of cell
4.Chromatids are now called
5.Each ½ of the pair is now called a
chromosome
Anaphase
Anaphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Telophase
The cytoplasm divides
1.Spindle fibers disappear
2.Chromosomes uncoil
3.Nuclear membrane forms
4.Cell divides (cytokinesis)
Telophase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Cytokinesis
= the cells chromosomes divide in half
forming two new cells.
Results of Mitosis
1)2 identical daughter cells
2)Division of nucleus
3)Nuclei are identical to each other
4)Same number & type of chromosomes
2n
2n
2n
Asexual Reproduction
=fission, budding, and regeneration in which
a new organism is produced from one
parent and has DNA identical to the parent
organism.
Asexual Reproduction
1.Offspring produced from one organism
2.Hereditary information is identical
3.Mitosis is one form of asexual
reproduction
http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html
Mitosis Animation
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Warm Up
• Wednesday November 28,
2012
• List the stages of mitosis in
order.
Mitosis Flip Book
Today we will make a mitosis flip book.
Directions: Make a flip book of the different stages of mitosis in an animal cell.
Your book must contain the following pages:
1. Cover page
2. Interphase
3. Prophase
4. Metaphase
5. Anaphase
6. Telophase
7. Cytokinesis
•
•
•
•
•
•
On each page, draw an animal cell in the phase for that stage.
Label each part of the drawing according to your notes.
Color all drawings.
On each page, DESCRIBE what is happening inside the cell.
NEATNESS and DETAIL count towards your grade!
This will earn you stamps!! Extra stamps= extreme detail and neatness!
Warm Up
• Thursday November 29, 2012
• Explain cytokinesis in your
own words.
Warm Up
• Friday November 30, 2012
• What is the result of mitosis?
Mitosis Lab
• Today we will look at different stages of
mitosis through a microscope.
• You will look at slides and answer
questions on your lab paper.
• You are responsible for
any broken equipment!!!
Warm Up
• Monday December 3, 2012
• List the process in the picture.
MEIOSIS
Notes
Objectives
1) Recognize the significance of meiosis to
sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
= type of cell division where gametes are
formed.
Meiosis
1)Second type of Cell Division
2)Gametes (eggs and sperm) are produced.
3)One parent cell produces four daughter cells.
4)Daughter cells have half the number of
chromosomes found in the original parent cell
(haploid)
Meiosis
5)During meiosis, DNA replicates once,
but the nucleus divides twice.
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Meiosis I
First division of meiosis
Interphase
1. DNA is duplicated
Prophase 1
1. Each chromosome duplicates and
remains closely associated.
2. These are called sister chromatids.
3. DNA shorten & thicken
–Forms chromatids / chromosomes
Crossing Over
=portions of the sister chromatids
exchange spots.
*Allow for
Genetic
Diversity!
Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Metaphase 1
1.Chromosomes align at the center of the
cell.
2. Centromeres attach to spindle fibers
Anaphase 1
1.Chromosome pairs separate with sister
chromatids remaining together.
2.Move to the ends of the cell.
Telophase 1
1. Two daughter cells are formed with each
daughter containing only one chromosome
of the chromosome pair.
Telophase 1
There are now two
cells. Both cells have
full sets of genetic
material
(chromosomes)
Meiosis II
Second Division of Meiosis
Prophase 2
1.DNA does NOT replicate
2.Starts with TWO cells instead of one
Metaphase 2
3.Chromosomes line up at the center of the
cell
Anaphase 2
4. Centromeres divide and sister chromatids
move separately to each pole.
Telophase 2
5.Cell division is complete.
*Four haploid daughter cells are formed.
Telophase 2
Results in 4 cells
Each with ½ the
original number of
chromosomes
In Summary
1) Two cells form during meiosis I
2) In meiosis II, both of these cells form two
cells ( total of 4 sex cells/gametes )
3) Each cell has one-half the number of
chromosomes in its nucleus that was in the
original nucleus ( N )
In Summary
4) When the sperm and egg cells join at
fertilization, each contributes 23
chromosomes so the resulting embryo will
have the usual 46.
5) Meiosis also allows genetic variation
Meiosis
http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.
Meiosis Animation
http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm
Warm Up
• Tuesday December 4, 2012
1)Define Meiosis in your own
words
2)What is the end result?
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Notes
Objectives
1) Recognize the significance of meiosis to
sexual reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
= two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm,
join to form a zygote, which will develop into
a new organism with a unique identity.
Zygote
= fertilized cell resulting from the union of
gametes ( sperm and egg )
Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis
• Mitosis
– Asexual
– Cell divides once
– Two diploid daughter
cells
– Genetic information is
identical
– Makes somatic cells
– body cells
– 2n
• Meiosis
– Sexual
– Cell divides twice
– Four haploid daughter
cells
– Genetic information is
different
– Makes gametes – sex
cells
–n
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Comparison Animations
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/gen
etics/sciber/animatin.htm
Venn Diagram
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Venn Diagram
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Warm Up
• Wednesday December 5,
2012
• List one similarity & one
difference between mitosis &
meiosis.
Warm Up
• Thursday December 6, 2012
1) Define the term gamete cell.
2) List the two gametes.
Warm Up
• Friday December 7, 2012
1) Define the term somatic cell.
2) List 2 examples.
Warm Up
• Monday December 10, 2012
1)List one thing you know about
cancer.
Cancer
Objectives
1) Recognize that disruptions of the cell
cycle lead to disease such as cancer.
Cancer
= malignant growth resulting from
uncontrolled cell division .
*In cancer, cells divide and grow
uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors,
and invade nearby parts of the body.
Cancer
• 10% of cancers are inherited.
• 90% of cancers are not.
Cancer
The University of Texas
MD Anderson Center
Billions of dollars go to cancer research
every year!
Cancer
• We will work in groups of two to research
different types of cancer.
• You will be responsible for making a
presentation (2-3 minutes) that includes:
1. Information about the cancer
2. Is there treatment?
3. Survival Rate
4. Picture or drawing
Warm Up
• Tuesday December 11, 2012
• What happens in the G0
phase of interphase?
Warm Up
• Wednesday December 12,
2012
• What happens in the G1
phase of interphase?
Warm Up
• Thursday December 13, 2012
• What happens in the S phase
of interphase?
Warm Up
• Friday December 14, 2012
• What happens in the G2
phase of interphase?