Download Faculty of Geography and Geoecology, Saint-Petersburg

PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2790
Distribution of macrozoobenthos in the North-West part of the Japan/East Sea in 2006
Tatyana A. Belan1,2 and Ludmila S. Belan1
1
2
Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute (FERHRI), 24 Fontannaya Street, Vladivostok, 690990, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Institute of Marine Biology, FEBRAS, 17 Palchevskogo Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
The results of a benthic survey in the NW part of the Japan/East Sea (43-47oN; 134o30’-141o30’W) in 2006 are
presented. Benthic samples were taken from 15sites ranging in depth from 125-2180m. Eighty benthic species
were identified from soft substrata within the area studied. The most abundant in terms of number of species
were polychaetes (37 species) and bivalve molluscs (21). Total benthic biomass ranged from 0.04g/m2 (1400m
depth) to 86.8g/m2 (176m). Total density ranged from 4 to 700ind/m2. Average biomass and density of bottom
macrofauna were 23.4g/m2 and 193.4ind/m2, respectively.
The most important contributors to total biomass came from five benthic faunal groups: Brachiopoda,
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Polychaeta and Bivalvia. Over the depth range of 125-250m, the brachiopod Laqueus
vancouveriensis dominated the biomass. At stations deeper than 500m, biomass was dominated by the starfish
Ctenodiscus sp.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2900
Bionomic criteria for large marine ecosystem identification
Andrew A. Bobkov and Kirill M. Petrov
Faculty of Geography and Geoecology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 33, 10th line, Saint-Petersburg, 199178, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The Oceanosphere is organized as a set of multiple chorological subsystems of miscellaneous rank. Most
generally, it is possible to speak about biomes of local, regional, etc range. Any natural complex of marine
communities represents a single unit, characterized by horizontal and vertical properties and controlled by
azonal factors. Apparent linkages of hydrbiont distributions with water masses, derived from stations and
biotopes, allows comparison of biogeographic and oceanographic classifications for establishment of joint
biooceanographic zones. Specific properties of oceanic waters identify the vital space of marine organisms.
Dynamics of these waters principally control the concentration and migration of passively and actively floating
hydrobionts. Boundaries of water masses do not have strictly fixed locations and a difficulty exists in choosing
optimal bionomic criteria to describe most fully the features of each concrete region. By characterizing such
boundaries, a system of three-level operational units can be used, namely units of zonal (belt-sector-zone
latitudinal-province); azonal (marine basin-area/subarea- district-region); and, vertical (stage-layer-zone
vertical) properties. This system reflects the biotope hydroclimate which, together with relief and processes of
sedimentation, predetermine the species composition and the distributions of the biohydrocenosis. Bionomic
criteria, taking into consideration an inner non-uniformity of water, are used to identify biocenosis with
characteristic sets of indicator species, which correspond to specific properties of regional water masses.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2786
Biological transport and survival of larval pelagic fishes in the Kuroshio system region
estimated with Lagrangian drifters
Sachihiko Itoh and Shingo Kimura
Fisheries Environmental Oceanography, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 1648639, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]
Biological transport and survival of larval pelagic fishes in the Kuroshio system region were studied using
Lagrangian drifter data from 1990–2003. Subseasonal movement from the Kuroshio area is presented.
Lagrangian temperature, measured during transport, was applied to an optimal temperature model for growth
and mortality to estimate survival of larval patches. The majority of drifters from the Kuroshio area south of
Japan, where there are dense spawning grounds of Japanese sardine and Japanese anchovy, spread around the
Kuroshio Extension up to 170°E. Due to a recirculation gyre, ome of the other drifters moved southward to the
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offshore area of the Kuroshio. A recirculation gyre in the Kuroshio Extension region also plays a significant
role for retention and dispersion of drifters. We show that these recirculation gyres enhance seasonal amounts
of warming and cooling, apparently through horizontal mixing. Results of the survival model suggest that
surface water during the observational period was too warm for the Japanese sardine to increase, while
temperature and transport conditions were ideal for larval Japanese anchovy from an area around the Izu islands,
Japan in April–June.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-3087
Secondary production of Jassa slatteryi (Amphipoda, Ischyroceridae) on a Zostera
marina seagrass bed in Southern Korea
Seung Jin Jeong1, Ok Hwan Yu2 and Hae-Lip Suh1
1
2
Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
Marine Living Resources Research Division, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 29, Ansan, 425-600, Republic
of Korea
On the basis of monthly samples, we measured the secondary production of the amphipod Jassa slatteryi Conlan
1990, on a seagrass bed (Zostera marina L.) in Gwangyang Bay, southern Korea. The standing crop of seagrass
showed 2 peaks in spring and fall, with maximum biomass in May. Biomass distribution of J. slatteryi is
positively correlated with the standing crop of seagrass (p<0.05), suggesting that there is a biological interaction
between these 2 species. J. slatteryi displays 2 main breeding periods during the year; in spring (March to May)
and in fall (October to December). The biomass of J. slatteryi and standing crop of seagrass in the spring was
much higher than in the fall. The annual secondary production of J. slatteryi in the Gwangyang Bay seagrass
bed (20.07g dry weight m-2 yr-1) is the highest reported in amphipods inhabiting seagrass beds. However, the
annual production biomass (P:B) ratio, at 5.21, was lower than recorded previously in both temperate and
tropical seagrass beds because the number of generations decreases the P:B ratio. The combination of high
abundance and secondary production suggests an important role for J. slatteryi in the seagrass-bed ecosystem as
a trophic link from primary producers to higher consumers.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2988
Zooplankton distribution, abundance and biomass relative to oceanographic conditions
in the Yellow Sea
Young Shil Kang, Seung Heo and Hyung-chul Kim
West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI, Incheon, 400-420, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
The spatial distributions of important zooplankton groups and biomass were compared to oceanographic
conditions in the Yellow Sea to understand the status of basin ecosystem. Zooplankton abundance and biomass
were estimated in October~November 2003 and 2005 by both Korea and China. Seawater temperature, salinity
and chlorophyll-a concentration were also measured. Zooplankton biomass was higher in 2005 than in 2003.
The high zooplankton biomass was mainly concentrated in the southeastern coastal region in 2003 and the
southwestern coastal region in 2005. Zooplankton was composed of 21 taxa in 2003 and 17 taxa in 2005. Even
though the numbers of identified taxa were different between years, the dominant taxa were similar. The
dominant taxa were as follows: Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Thaliaceae, Euphausiid, Amphipoda and
Appendicularia. The spatial distribution of Copepoda was similar to that of total zooplankton biomass. Fish
larvae and eggs were found in 2005, while not in 2003, mainly in the northwestern coastal region. Chlorophylla concentration was also higher in 2005 than in 2003, and distributed similarly to zooplankton biomass. Sea
surface temperature decreased towards the northern area and ranged between 15~20ºC in both years. Sea
surface salinity was lower in 2005 than in 2003, in particular in the most southeastern area. In contrast to
surface salinity, salinity at 50m was higher in 2005 than in 2003. The high saline water was mainly
concentrated near the western coast. We concluded that zooplankton production is closely related to the coastal
area and to low salinity water in the Yellow Sea.
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PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2816
Composition, distribution and interannual variability of zooplankton in the inner part
of Amursky Bay (Japan/East Sea)
Valentina V. Kasyan
Institute of Marine Biology, FEBRAS, 17 Palchevskogo Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia. E-mail: valentine–[email protected]
Zooplankton density in the spring-summer period was much higher in the central part of Amursky Bay (50,000
ind/m3) and near the southwestern and northwestern coasts (63,000 ind/m3), than near the eastern coast of the
northern part of Bay (25,000 ind/m3). Dominant copepod species were the boreal-arctic Acartia aff. clausi
(55.7%), Pseudocalanus newmani (8%) and nauplii of Copepoda (19.7%) in June and the subtropical Oithona
brevicornis (40%), the cosmopolitic O. similis (26%) and the tropical-subtropical A. pacifica (17%) in August.
Copepodid stages I-III of all species were rare or absent in the eastern coast waters of the northern part of
Bay. Indices of specific richness and diversity were also lowest in this region. These data are evidence of
adverse conditions in this part of the Bay, because indices of specific diversity decrease in stressful
environments and increase in favorable environments, according to Tinemanna’s principle. For the last 25
years, zooplankton density and taxonomic diversity have increased but lowest values were seen in 1991.
Perhaps, this was caused by pollution of water in that part of the Bay, as the highest anthropogenic loading was
recorded in early 1990.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2971
Maturity and spawning of Glyptocephalus stelleri in the East/Japan Sea, Korea
Hyeok Chan Kwon1, Sung Il Lee1, Hyung Kee Cha1, Seon Jae Hwang2, Young Seop Kim1 and Jae Houng Yang1
1
2
East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI, 30-6, Dongduk-ri, Yeonkon-myeon, Gangnung 210-861, Republic of Korea
E-mail: [email protected]
National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1, Shirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-902, Republic of Korea
The maturity and spawning of Glyptocephalus stelleri was studied using samples collected in the East/Japan Sea
of Korea from 2004 to 2005. We analyzed monthly changes in gonad weight (GW) and gonadosomatic index
(GSI), histological changes of ovary in female and of testis in male, fecundity, total length at 50% group
maturity and sex ratio. The spawning period was April to June, and the main spawning period was estimated to
April to May. Annual reproductive cycles of female could be divided into six successive stages (immature
stage: July-August, nucleolus stage: September-October, yolk vesicle stage: October-November, vitellogenic
stage: December-January, ripe stage: February-April, spent stage: May-June) and male could be divided into
four successive periods (recovery period: May-June, spermatog onial proliferation period: July-September,
spermatogenic period: October-December, functional maturation period: January-April). The relationship
between fecundity (F, eggs) and total length (TL, cm) was F=2.246TL3.0143 (R2=0.6364). The total length at first
maturity was 17.6cm and at 100% maturity, 24.8cm. The total length at 50% group maturity was estimated to
be 22.2cm. The sex ratio was similar between female and male as 52:48, respectively, but female was a little
predominant in large size more than 23cm.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2983
Plankton distribution during the spring bloom in Asan Bay in the Yellow Sea, Korea
Chang Rae Lee1, Chul Park2, Sungyull Yang3 and Yongsik Sin4
1
2
3
4
Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Sa-dong 1270, Ansan, 425-170, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
Gwangju University, 592-1 Jinwol-dong, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 503-703, Republic of Korea
Mokpo National Maritime University, 61 Dorim-ri, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 530-729, Republic of Korea
To understand the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton and mesozooplankton during the spring
bloom period in Asan Bay, Yellow Sea, we sampled plankton at about 2 weeks’ intervals at 5 stations from mid
February to the beginning of June. Maximum Chl-a concentration was 44.32 μg/ℓ and occurred in the inner part
of the bay during mid February. Concentrations of Chl-a in the middle part of the bay were similar to those in
the inner bay. In the outer bay, the concentration of Chl-a was less than 10 μg/ℓ during the study period. The
phytoplankton bloom in the inner bay lasted for about 1 month and was more intensive than in the outer bay.
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The abundance of mesozooplankton was highest in the middle part of the bay (st. 3) in the beginning of April
and lowest in the inner part (st. 1) in mid February. Chl-a and phytoplankton abundance were well correlated.
Mesozooplankton increased about 1 month after the phytoplankton bloom. This indicates that phytoplankton
abundance affected zooplankton after a certain period of time. We concluded that the in situ distribution of
phytoplankton during the bloom was affected primarily by the concentration of nutrients rather than
zooplankton grazing in Asan Bay.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2980
Seasonal distribution of siphonophores in and near the Kuroshio Current off eastern
Taiwan
Wen-Tseng Lo1, Ya-Ling Pan2 and Li-Lian Liu2
1
2
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
E-mail: [email protected]
Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
This study describes the seasonal variation in species composition and abundance of siphonophores in relation
to hydrographic conditions in and near the Kuroshio Current off eastern Taiwan from May 2000 to July 2001.
In total, 54 siphonophoran species belonging to 21 genera and six families were recognized. The six most
predominant species, which constituted 75% of the total siphonophores, were, in order of abundance,
Chelophyes contorta, Abylopsis tetragona, Bassia bassensis, A. eschscholtzi, Eudoxoides mitra, and Diphyes
chamissonis. The abundance of siphonophores showed an apparent seasonal change, higher in autumn and
lower in winter and summer. The mean abundance of siphonophores was significantly higher in the Kuroshio
waters than in coastal waters, although species number was the same. Non-metric multidimensional scaling
revealed clear seasonal and spatial variations of siphonophoran assemblages. Different dominant species
showed different seasonal distribution patterns and different relationships with water temperature and salinity.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2944
Increase in salp abundance during 1983-1993 in the western subarctic North Pacific
Jun Nishikawa1, Hiroya Sugisaki2 and Ichiro Yasuda1
1
2
Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1, Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, 3-27-5, Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan
Salps are filter-feeding gelatinous macrozooplankton and their periodic blooms in response to ‘favorable’
environmental conditions have often been reported from various parts of the world ocean. However, little is
known about the biological/physical factors that enable salps to achieve rapid population growth. In addition,
decadal - or multi-decadal variations of marine ecosystems have been studied in various regions in the subarctic
Pacific. While increases of scyphozoan jellyfish such as Chrysaora and Nemopilema on decadal scales have
been intensively studied, little attention has been given to salps, especially in the western part of subarctic
Pacific. Net samples were collected from 47-107 stations from mid-May to June during an 11 year period from
1983-1993 in the area of 37-40ºN, 142-180ºE. We examined the occurrence patterns of total and dominant salp
species. Total salp abundance in the area ranged from 432 ind.m-2 (in 1989) to 37244 ind.m-2 (in 1993), and
increased exponentially within the research period. Salps occurred at 18-77% of sampling stations. Among 9
species found, two species, Thalia democratica and Salpa fusiformis dominated numerically. Significant
correlations were obtained between salp abundance and the percentage of the sampling stations where salps of
both species occurred, suggesting that an increase of abundance in more recent years is not due to the higher
abundance at specific stations but rather is due to the wider horizontal occurrence of salps in the research area.
Possible causes for an overall increase of salp abundance during the 11–year survey will be discussed.
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PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2951
Phytoplankton of the Amur River estuary and adjacent areas in July 2005
M.S. Selina, Olga G. Shevchenko, T.V. Morozova, I.V. Stonik and T.Yu. Orlova
Institute of Marine Biology, FEBRAS, 17 Palchevskogo Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
Phytoplankton of the Amur River estuary and adjacent areas of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan was
investigated in July, 2005 at 33 stations. The study revealed 195 species of microalgae from 8 divisions.
Microalgae varied most in Sakhalin Bay - 122 species - and less in Tartar Strait - 98 species. Phytoplankton
total density ranged from 0.031 to 9.7 million cells/L, and biomass varied from 0.2 to 6.2 g/m3. Average density
of microalgae was 241 thousand cells/L and average biomass was 1.5 g/m 3 in Tartar Strait, 288 thousand cells/L
and 1.9 g/m3 in the Amur River estuary, and 1.4 million cells/L and 2.1 g/m3 in Sakhalin Bay. Diatoms
dominated everywhere. They comprised 43-84% of total density and 93-99% of total biomass of phytoplankton.
Many freshwater species were found in the northern part of the Amur River estuary and in the southern part of
Sakhalin Bay, indicating river water influence. Freshwater algae were represented by Cianophyta - 10 species,
Diatoms – 8 species, and Chlorophyta – 16 species. High concentrations of freshwater algae were observed in
the northern part of the Amur River estuary (up to 460 thousand cells/L), and in the central part of Sakhalin Bay
(up to 345 thousand cells/L). Freshwater species comprised 23-93% of phytoplankton density in the Amur
River estuary and 10-54% of phytoplankton density in Sakhalin Bay. A bloom of Skeletonema costatum was
recorded in the central part of Sakhalin Bay, where density exceeded 9 million cells/L, indicating a strong
eutrophic influence of Amur River water on this area.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2886
Southward carbon transport of large subarctic copepods by the Oyashio current
Yugo Shimizu1, Kazutaka Takahashi1, Shin-ichi Ito1, Shigeho Kakehi1, Akira Kusaka2 and Tomoharu
Nakayama3
1
2
3
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shinhama 3-27-5, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0001, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Katsurakoi 116, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 085-0802, Japan
Japan Marine Science Foundation, Minato-cho 4-24, Mutsu, Aomori, 035-0064, Japan
The lateral carbon transport of the four large subarctic copepods (Neocalanus cristatus, Neocalanus flemingeri,
Neocalanus plumchrus, Eucalanus bungii) was estimated by integrating seasonal observation data in the
Oyashio area off Hokkaido Island, Japan. This transport was compared to copepod production and vertical
ontogenetic migration and mortality in deeper layers. We analyzed seasonal observation data during 2001 to
2002 on a repeat section called OICE (Oyashio Intensive observation line off Cape Erimo), which extends
southeastward from Hokkaido. In these observations, we sampled the copepods in four layers above 500 m
depth with a vertical multiple plankton sampler (VMPS) and deployed a conductivity-temperature-depth sensor
from 0-1500 m. Multiplying the copepods’ carbon by the geostrophic current and integrating over time and
space, we estimated the net southwestward carbon mass of these four copepods across OICE to be 561 kilo tons
(kt) per year. Based on the results of other experiments deploying isopycnal floats in the Oyashio current,
435 kt of these copepods are considered to traverse the Oyashio front and reach the mixed water region, where
copepod reproduction does not occur because of excess temperature. From previous studies, estimates of annual
copepod production and vertical transport in the Oyashio area are 10 mega tons (Mt) and 2.2 Mt respectively.
Therefore, lateral transport is about 5 % of total copepod production and 20 % of total vertical transport.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-3175
Differentiation of phytoplankton groups using in-water optical techniques
Dong Hyun Shon
National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1, Shirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-902, Republic of Korea
E-mail: [email protected]
The detection of an algal bloom from ocean colour sensors depends on the concentration of phytoplankton
pigments because pigments, such as chlorophylls, produce a significant change in the optical properties of
water. The pigment composition results in a characteristic colour, which can be measured using absorption
spectra and spectral reflectance signatures. Each individual phytoplankton group contains a number of accessory
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pigments and has its own characteristic composition. Several of these pigments are restricted to 1 or 2
phytoplankton classes. As these marker pigments have distinctive absorption spectra, which determine a
characteristic spectral signature, they can be used as indicators of different phytoplankton classes. Using the
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system, major accessory pigments contained in
phytoplankton samples were analysed. In situ measurements of remote sensing reflectance were obtained at
wavelengths coincident with the SeaWiFS visible wavebands using a Profiling Reflectance Radiometer
(PRR600, Biospherical Instruments Inc). Group specific absorption spectra were generated according to the
proportion of one of the marker pigments, fucoxanthin, in the sum of pigments measured by HPLC. Remote
sensing reflectance was modelled based on phytoplankton group specific absorption spectra and compared to the
in situ remote sensing reflectance signatures.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2965
Natural and anthropogenic eutrophication of Amursky Bay (East/Japan Sea)
V.I. Zvalinsky and Pavel Ya. Tishchenko
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, FEBRAS, 43 Baltiyskaya Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
The Razdol’naya River and associated sewage drains Vladivostok city and are the main sources of natural and
anthropogenic nutrient enrichment for Amursky Bay (East/Japan Sea). In our study, macronutrient
concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon), oxygen, chlorophyll, primary production and water
transparency were measured. Annual total loading of macronutrients into Amursky Bay were: 4000 - 7100 tons
of nitrogen, about 320 tons of phosphorus and 12,000 tons of silicon. Measured primary production varied
between 0.4 and 1.2 g C*m-2*day-1 and 0.6 - 2 g C*m-2*day-1 in wintertime and summertime, respectively.
During summertime, the total primary production of the northern part of Amursky Bay (500 km2) is about
100,000 tons of carbon. Using Redfield ratios (C:N:P=106:16:1), it was estimated that this ecosystem can
assimilate up to 15,000 tons of nitrogen and 1,000 tons of phosphorus. Thus, the current capacity of the Bay is
three times higher than observed average primary production. At present, the ecosystem of Amursky Bay
satisfactorily treats existing fluxes of macronutrients. Available data do not permit separate identification of
natural and anthropogenic impacts in Amursky Bay. Further investigations are needed for clarification of this
matter.
PICES XV
BIO_Poster-2865
Typhoon effects on the short-term variation of chlorophyll-a in the East/Japan Sea,
derived by satellite remote sensing
Keiko Yamada, Sang-Woo Kim, Hee-Dong Jeong and Woo Jin Go
National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1, Shirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-902, Republic of Korea
E-mail: [email protected]
The objectives of this study were to derive the short-term variation of sea surface temperature before and after
typhoons during summer in the East/Japan Sea, and to determine the increase in chlorophyll-a concentration that
accompanies the typhoons. Five day averages of SST and surface chlorophyll-a concentration before and after
typhoons were calculated from satellite images in the study area (34-50ºN, 127-143ºE) by NGSST (0.05 degree
resolution, daily, Tohoku University) and SeaWiFS (9km resolution, daily, NASA), respectively. Four
typhoons in 2004 (NAMTHEUN, MEGI, CHABA and SONGDA) and one typhoon (NABI) in 2005 passed
over the East/Japan Sea. Decreases in SST were associated with all five typhoons, but the magnitude of
decrease varied (1-5ºC). Chlorophyll-a increases (0.1-5.0 μg l-1) were observed after each typhoon expect
NAMTHEUN, and the area affected was approximately included within the area cooled by the typhoons. The
magnitude of chlorophyll-a concentration increases seemed to depend on the typhoon path. Increased
chlorophyll-a concentration was greater in southern areas than northern areas and in coastal areas than in
offshore areas. We suggest that increase of chlorophyll-a concentration is related to the amount of nutrients
supplied to the upper layer by typhoon induced mixing.
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