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Reproductive Systems
How you came to be!
• Genes- set of instructions found in every
cell of a person’s body that describe how a
person will look, grow and function.
• Heredity- passing of traits from parents
to child.
• Reproduction- the process by which
living organisms produce new individuals
of their kind.
Male Reproductive System
• Penis- male sex organ used for sexual
pleasure, reproduction and urination.
• Sperm- the male sex cell.
• Testes (testicles)- produce sperm and
testosterone.
• Scrotum- holds the testes in place and
regulates the temperature of the testes.
• Testosterone- Male sex hormone.
Other parts of the Male
Reproduction System
• Epididymis- comma shaped structure where
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immature sperm will mature and grow tails
allowing them to swim.
Vas Deferens- tubes that are attached to the
epididymis and allow sperm to move into when
fully grown.
Cowpers Gland- pea-sized glands located at
each side of the urethra which secrete a
lubrication fluid called semen (fluid that
sperm swim in).
Continued Male Repro. System
• Prostate Gland- produces fluid that aids
in sperm longevity.
• Urethra- tube that runs through the penis
and releases sperm and urine from the
penis.
• Seminal Vesicles- small glands at the
end of the vas deferens which secrete a
fluid that is a source of energy for sperm.
Some Problems in the Male
Reproductive system
• STD’s (sexually transmitted disease)• Urinary Tract Infections• Testicular Cancer• Prostate Cancer• Physical Injury/Trauma• Jock Itch• Sterility-
How to stay healthy
• Good Hygiene
• Wear protective equipment in athletics
• Regular testicular exams. Self/Doctor
• Abstinence!!! In order to prevent STD’s.
• Urologist- specializes in male reproductive
system.
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
• Vagina- female sex organ. It’s a muscular
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passageway that serves (functions as) as the
organ used for sexual intercourse, birth canal
and passageway for the menstrual flow and
arriving sperm.
Uterus- organ used to hold the fetus during
pregnancy.
Ovaries- almond shaped sex glands that
produce the ova (female egg) and secrete
hormones.
Female Reproductive System
• Ovum (ova/egg)- female sex cells that are produced
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in the ovaries.
Cervix- the lowest part of the uterus.
Fallopian Tube (oviduct)- tube that extends from
near the ovaries to the uterus. Fimbria- the ends of the
oviduct.
Endometrium (uterine lining)- the inner lining of the
uterus. Thickens to prepare for pregnancy.
Estrogen- female sex hormone produced in ovaries.
Menstrual Cycle
• Menstruation (menstrual period)- the monthly
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breakdown and shedding of the endometrium.
This cycle lasts about 28 days.
Ovulation- when the ovaries release a mature
egg/ova from the ovaries.
Fertilization- the joining of the male sperm
and the female egg. This takes place in the
fallopian tube/oviduct.
Problems of the Female
Reproductive System
• Urinary Tract Infections
• STD’s
• Cervical, Uterine, Ovarian Cancer
• Vaginitis (yeast infection)
• Toxic Shock Syndrome
• Infertility
Staying Healthy
• Good Hygiene
• Visit Gynecologist annually- dr. who
specializes in female reproductive system.
• Practice Abstinence in order to protect
yourself from STD’s
Female Reproductive System
The Endocrine System
• Endocrine System- A group of glands that
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release special chemicals that control much of
how your body functions.
Gland- A group of cells that make these
chemicals for your body.
Hormones- Chemicals produced by the
endocrine glands that travel through the
bloodstream and cause changes in different
parts of the body.
Glands of the Endocrine System
• Pituitary gland- Stimulates body growth
• Thyroid gland- Regulates how the body stores and uses
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energy
Adrenal glands- Helps the body respond to stress and
danger
Pancreas- Regulates blood-sugar levels
Ovaries- Causes physical changes during puberty;
essential for menstruation. Prepares the lining of the
uterus for pregnancy.
Testes- Causes physical changes during puberty;
essential for sperm production