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Technology: Shaping Our World Chapter 12. Using Electricity and Electronics—Terms and Definitions Ampere: the unit that is used to measure the amount of current. Capacitor: a device designed to store an electrical charge, consisting of two metal plates (conductors) separated by an insulator (dielectric). Conductor: a material that will allow an electric current to flow easily. Diode: a device that allows current to flow in one direction only; most commonly used as rectifiers to change alternating current to direct current. Electric circuit: a closed path around which electrons can move. Electronics: the use of electrically controlled parts to automatically control or change current in a circuit. Insulator: a material that will not carry an electric current. Integrated circuit: a single electronic component that replaces a whole group of separate components (one integrated circuit may contain the equivalent of about 1,000,000 separate components). Load: the weight, mass, or force placed on a structure; in an electrical circuit, any current-using device. Ohm: unit of measurement of electrical resistance. Ohm’s Law: the law of electricity stating that voltage equals the current times the resistance. Overload: a condition that occurs when devices on an electrical circuit demand more current than the circuit can safely carry; a cause for a fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt current flow. Parallel circuit: a circuit that provides more than one path for electron flow. Resistance: opposition to the flow of electricity. Resistor: an electrical device that controls the amount of current flow through a circuit by making that flow more difficult. Schematic: a diagram of electrical/electronic circuits using symbols. Semiconductor: materials that allow electron flow only under certain conditions; they have some characteristics of conductors and some characteristics of insulators and are widely used in electronic equipment. Series circuit: a circuit that provides only one path for electron flow. Series-parallel circuit: a circuit that exhibits characteristics of both series and parallel circuits. Short circuit: a condition that occurs when bare wires in an electrical circuit accidentally touch, causing more current to flow than the circuit can safely carry; a cause for a fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt current flow. Transistor: an electronic device with three terminals and many applications, such as a signal amplifier or an electrically controlled switch that can turn an electric current on and off. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Volt: a unit of measurement of electrical pressure. Watt: the unit used to measure the work performed by an electric current. Watt’s Law: the law of electricity stating that the power equals the voltage times the current or the current squared times the resistance. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.