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Publication No: 2H-056
22nd Edition
02/01
Installation, Service &
Maintenance Manual
for AC generators with the following prefixes:
HCI; HCM; HCK 4,5,6,7.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Before operating the generating set, read the generating set
operation manual and this generator manual and become familiar
with it and the equipment.
SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION CAN
ONLY BE ACHIEVED IF THE EQUIPMENT IS
CORRECTLY OPERATED AND
MAINTAINED.
Many accidents occur because of failure to follow fundamental
rules and precautions.
ELECTRICAL SHOCK CAN CAUSE SEVERE
PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH.
Observe all WARNING/CAUTION notices.
• Ensure installation meets all applicable safety and local
electrical codes. Have all installations performed by a qualified
electrician.
• Do not operate the generator with protective covers, access
covers or terminal box covers removed.
• Disable engine starting circuits before carrying out
maintenance.
• Disable closing circuits and/or place warning notices on any
circuit breakers normally used for connection to the mains or
other generators, to avoid accidental closure.
Observe all IMPORTANT, CAUTION, WARNING, and
DANGER notices, defined as:
Important !
Caution !
Warning !
Danger !
Important refers to hazard or unsafe
method or practice which can result in
product damage or related equipment
damage.
Caution refers to hazard or unsafe method
or practice which can result in product
damage or personal injury.
Warning refers to a hazard or unsafe
method or practice which CAN result in
severe personal injury or possible death.
Danger refers to immediate hazards which
WILL result in severe personal injury or
death.
Due to our policy of continuous improvement, details in this manual which were
correct at time of printing, may now be due for amendment. Information included
must therefore not be regarded as binding.
Front Cover Photograph
This photograph is representative only. Several variations are available within the
range of generators covered by this manual.
FOREWORD
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
The function of this book is to provide the user of the Stamford
generator with an understanding of the principles of operation,
the criteria for which the generator has been designed, and the
installation and maintenance procedures. Specific areas where
the lack of care or use of incorrect procedures could lead to
equipment damage and/or personal injury are highlighted, with
WARNING and/or CAUTION notes, and it is important that
the contents of this book are read and understood before
proceeding to fit or use the generator.
Additional Information
European Union
Council Directive 89/336/EEC
For installations within the European Union, electrical products
must meet the requirements of the above directive, and Newage
ac generators are supplied on the basis that:
The Service, Sales and technical staff of Newage International
are always ready to assist and reference to the company for
advice is welcomed.
Warning !
l
They are to be used for power-generation or related function.
l
They are to be applied in one of the following environments:
Portable (open construction - temporary site supply)
Portable (enclosed - temporary site supply)
Containerised (temporary or permanent site supply)
Ship-borne below decks (marine auxiliary power)
Commercial vehicle (road transport / refrigeration etc)
Rail transport (auxiliary power)
Industrial vehicle (earthmoving, cranes etc)
Fixed installation (industrial - factory / process plant)
Fixed installation (residential, commercial and light industrial home / office / health)
Energy management (Combined heat and power and/or peak
lopping)
Alternative energy schemes
Incorrect installation, operation, servicing
or replacement of parts can result in
severe personal injury or death, and/or
equipment damage.
Service personnel must be qualified to
perform electrical and mechanical service.
EC DECLARATION OF INCORPORATION
All Stamford generators are supplied with a declaration of
incorporation for the relevant EC legislation, typically in the form
of a label as below.
EC DECLARATION OF INCORPORATION
l
The standard generators are designed to meet the ‘industrial’
emissions and immunity standards. Where the generator is
required to meet the residential, commercial and light
industrial emissions and immunity standards reference
should be made to Newage document reference N4/X/011,
as additional equipment may be required.
l
The installation earthing scheme involves connection of the
generator frame to the site protective earth conductor using a
minimum practical lead length.
l
Maintenance and servicing with anything other than factory
supplied or authorised parts will invalidate any Newage liability
for EMC compliance.
l
Installation, maintenance and servicing is carried out by
adequately trained personnel fully aware of the requirements
of the relevant EC directives
IN A C C O R D A N C E W IT H T H E S U P P LY O F M A C H IN E R Y (S AF E T Y ) R E G U L AT IO N S 1 9 92
A N D T H E S U P P LY O F M A C H IN ER Y (S A F E T Y ) (A M E N D M E N T ) R E G U LAT IO N S 1 99 4
IM P L E M E N T IN G T H E E C M A C H IN E R Y D IR E C T IVE 8 9 /39 2 /E E C AS A M E N D E D B Y 9 1 /3 6 8 /EE C .
T H IS STAM FO RD A.C. GENE RATOR W A S
M A N U FA C T U R E D B Y O R O N B E H A L F O F
NE WAGE INTE RNATION AL LTD
B A R N A C K R O A D S TA M F O R D L IN C O L N SH IR E E N G L A N D .
T H IS C O M P O N E N T M A C H IN E RY M U S T N O T B E PU T IN TO S E R V IC E U N T IL T H E
M A C H IN E R Y IN TO W H IC H IT IS T O B E IN C O R P O R AT E D H A S B E E N D E C LA R E D IN
C O N F O R M IT Y W IT H T H E P R O V IS IO N S O F T H E S U P PLY O F M A C H IN E R Y (S A F E T Y )
R E G U L AT IO N S 1 9 9 5 /M A C H IN E R Y D IR E C T IV E .
FO R AND ON B EHALF OF NE WAG E INT ERN ATIONA L LIM ITED
POS ITION :
TECHN ICA L DIRE CTOR
S IGNAT URE:
T H IS C O M P O N E NT M A C H IN E RY C A R R IE S T H E C E M A R K FO R C O M P LIA N C E W IT H T H E S TAT U TO R Y
R E Q U IR E M E N T S FO R T H E IM P L EM E N TAT IO N O F TH E F O L LO W IN G D IR E C TIV E S
T h e E M C D ire c tiv e 8 9 /33 6 /E E C
T h is C o m p o n e nt M a c h in e ry sh a ll n o t b e us e d in th e R e sid e n tia l, C o m m e rc ia l a nd
WARNING ! L ig h t In d u str ia l en v ir o n m e n t u n le s s it a ls o co n fo rm s to th e re le va n t sta n d a rd
(E N 5 0 0 8 1 - 1 ) R E F E R TO FA C TO RY F O R D E TA ILS
ii) T h e L o w V olta g e D ir ec tiv e 7 3 /23 /E E C a s a m e n de d b y 9 3/6 8 /E EC
1
CONTENTS
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
IFC
FOREWORD
1
CONTENTS
2&3
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
4
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
INTRODUCTION
DESIGNATION
SERIAL NUMBER LOCATION
RATING PLATE AND CE MARK
4
4
4
4
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
5
2.1
2.2
SELF-EXCITED AVR CONTROLLED GENERATORS
PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR (PMG) EXCITED AVR CONTROLLED GENERATORS
AVR ACCESSORIES
5
5
5
APPLICATION OF THE GENERATOR
6
VIBRATION
7
INSTALLATION - PART 1
8
LIFTING
ENGINE TO GENERATOR COUPLING ASSEMBLY
TWO BEARING GENERATORS
SINGLE BEARING GENERATORS TYPES HC & HCK
EARTHING
PRE-RUNNING CHECKS
INSULATION CHECK
DIRECTION OF ROTATION
FAN TYPES
DIRECTION OF ROTATION
VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY
AVR SETTINGS
TYPE SX440 AVR
TYPE SX421 AVR
TYPE MX341 AVR
TYPE MX321 AVR
GENERATOR SET TESTING
TEST METERING/CABLING
INITIAL START-UP
LOAD TESTING
AVR ADJUSTMENTS
UFRO (Under Frequency Roll Off)
(AVR Types SX440, SX421, MX341 and MX321)
EXC TRIP (Excitation Trip)
OVER/V (Over Voltage)
TRANSIENT LOAD SWITCHING ADJUSTMENTS
RAMP
ACCESSORIES
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
INSTALLATION - PART 2
14
GENERAL
GLANDING
MAXIMUM TORQUE SETTINGS FOR
CUSTOMER TERMINAL CONNECTIONS
EARTHING
PROTECTION
COMMISSIONING
14
14
SECTION 2
2.3
SECTION 3
3.1
SECTION 4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2.
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.2
4.4.4.3
4.4.4.4
4.5
4.5.1
4.6
4.7
4.7.1
4.7.1.1
4.7.1.2
4.7.1.3
4.7.1.4
4.7.1.5
4.8
SECTION 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
2
14
14
14
14
CONTENTS
SECTION 6
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.1.1
6.2.2
6.3
6.4.
6.4.1
6.5
6.5.1
6.6
SECTION 7
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.2
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.6
7.5
7.5.1
7.5.1.1
7.5.1.2
7.5.2
7.5.2.1
7.5.3
7.5.3.1
7.3.3.2
7.5.3.3
7.5.3.4
7.6
7.7
SECTION 8
8.1
8.2
ACCESSORIES
15
REMOTE VOLTAGE ADJUST (ALL AVR TYPES)
PARALLEL OPERATION
DROOP
SETTING PROCEDURE
ASTATIC CONTROL
MANUAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR (MVR) MX341 and MX321`AVR
OVERVOLTAGE DE-EXCITATION BREAKER
SX421 and MX321 AVR
RESETTING THE EXCITATION BREAKER
CURRENT LIMIT - MX321 AVR
SETTING PROCEDURE
POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER (PFC3)
15
15
15
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
16
SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE
18
WINDING CONDITION
WINDING CONDITION ASSESSMENT
METHODS OF DRYING OUT GENERATORS
BEARINGS
AIR FILTERS
CLEANING PROCEDURE
RECHARGING (CHARGING)
FAULT FINDING
SX440 AVR - FAULT FINDING
SX421 AVR - FAULT FINDING
MX341 AVR - FAULT FINDING
MX321 AVR - FAULT FINDING
RESIDUAL VOLTAGE CHECK
'REFLASHING' TO RESTORE RESIDUAL
SEPARATE EXCITATION TEST PROCEDURE
GENERATOR WINDINGS, ROTATING DIODES and
PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR (PMG)
BALANCED MAIN TERMINAL VOLTAGES
UNBALANCED MAIN TERMINAL VOLTAGES
EXCITATION CONTROL TEST
AVR FUNCTION TEST
REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT OF COMPONENT
ASSEMBLIES
ANTI-CONDENSATION HEATERS
REMOVAL OF PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR (PMG)
REMOVAL OF BEARINGS
MAIN ROTOR ASSEMBLY
RETURNING TO SERVICE
MAINTENANCE OF REGREASABLE BEARINGS
18
18
18
19
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
25
25
25
25
29
30
30
SPARES AND AFTER SALES SERVICE
31
RECOMMENDED SPARES
AFTER SALES SERVICE
31
31
3
23
23
24
25
25
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.4 RATING PLATE AND CE MARK
The HC range of generators is of brushless rotating field design,
available up to 660V at 50 Hz or 60 Hz and built to meet BS5000
Part 3 and international standards.
The generator has been supplied with a self adhesive rating
plate label to enable fitting after final assembly and painting.
It is intended that this label will be stuck to the outside of the
non drive end of the terminal box.
1500 rpm (50Hz) or 1800 rpm (60Hz) 4 pole generators are
available from 200kW to 2000kW in four frame sizes - HC4, HC5,
HC6 and HC7.
A CE Mark label is also supplied loose for fitment after final
assembly and painting. This should be attached to an external
surface of the Generator at a suitable location where it will not
be obscured by the customer's wiring or other fittings. Before
fitting the CE Mark label the genset builder must address the
requirements of the relevant EC legislation to ensure the
compliance of the genset as a whole. CE compliance will also
need to be addressed when installed on site.
1000 rpm (50Hz) or 1200 rpm (60Hz) 6 pole generators are
available from 224kW to 1300kW in two frame sizes - HC6 and
HC7.
Frame sizes HC4 and HC5 may be provided with a stator fed
excitation system using SX440 or SX421 AVR, or with the
permanent magnet generator (PMG) powered excitation system,
using the MX341 or MX321 AVR.
The surface in the area where a label is to be stuck must be flat,
clean, and any paint finish be fully dry before attempting to attach
label. Recommended method for attaching label is peel and
fold back sufficient of the backing paper to expose some 20
mm of label adhesive along the edge which is to be located
against the sheet metal protrusions. Once this first section of
label has been carefully located and stuck into position the
backing paper can be progressively removed, as the label is
pressed down into position. The adhesive will achieve a
permanent bond in 24 hours.
Frames HC6 and HC7 are fitted with the PMG system using the
MX321 AVR.
1.2 DESIGNATION
C
.
I
4
4
4
C
.
M
5
3
H
C
.
I
6
H
C
.
I
6
C
.
M
7
H
H
H
GENERATOR TYPE
HC
SPECIFIC TYPE
K = VOLUTED ADAPTOR
AND UNI-DIRECTIONAL FAN
C
1
4
C
2
3
4
G
1
3
6
G
2
3
4
G
2
INDUSTRIAL = (I) OR MARINE = (M)
FRAME SIZE AND CONTROL TYPE ON HC/MV
NUMBER OF POLES 4, OR 6
CORE LENGTH
NUMBER OF BEARINGS 1 OR 2
1.3 SERIAL NUMBER LOCATION
Each generator has its unique serial number stamped in to the
upper section of the drive end frame end-ring.
Inside the terminal box two adhesive rectangular labels have
been fixed, each carrying the generators unique identity number.
One label has been fixed to the inside of the terminal box sheet
metal work, and the second label fixed to the main frame of the
generator.
4
SECTION 2
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
from the main stator winding. By controlling the low power of
the exciter field, control of the high power requirement of the
main field is achieved through the rectified output of the exciter
armature.
2.1 SELF-EXCITED AVR CONTROLLED
GENERATORS
The PMG system provides a constant source of excitation power
irrespective of main stator loading and provides high motor
starting capability as well as immunity to waveform distortion
on the main stator output created by non linear loads, e.g.
thyristor controlled dc motor.
The MX341 AVR senses average voltage on two phases
ensuring close regulation. In addition it detects engine speed
and provides an adjustable voltage fall off with speed, below a
pre-selected speed (Hz) setting, preventing over-excitation at
low engine speeds and softening the effect of load switching to
relieve the burden on the engine. It also provides over-excitation
protection which acts following a time delay, to de-excite the
generator in the event of excessive exciter field voltage.
Fig. 1
The main stator provides power for excitation of the exciter field
via the SX440 (or SX421) AVR which is the controlling device
governing the level of excitation provided to the exciter field. The
AVR responds to a voltage sensing signal derived from the main
stator winding. By controlling the low power of the exciter field,
control of the high power requirement of the main field is achieved
through the rectified output of the exciter armature.
The MX321 provides the protection and engine relief features
of the MX341 and additionally incorporates 3 phase rms sensing
and over-voltage protection.
The detailed function of all the AVR circuits is covered in the load
testing section (subsection 4.7).
The SX440 AVR senses average voltage on two phases ensuring
close regulation. In addition it detects engine speed and provides
voltage fall off with speed, below a pre-selected speed (Hz)
setting, preventing over-excitation at low engine speeds and
softening the effect of load switching to relieve the burden on the
engine.
2.3 AVR ACCESSORIES
The SX440, SX421, MX341 and MX321 AVRs incorporate circuits
which, when used in conjunction with accessories, can provide
for parallel operation either with 'droop' or 'astatic' control, VAR/
PF control and in the case of the MX321 AVR, short circuit current
limiting.
The SX421 AVR in addition to the SX440 features has three phase
rms sensing and also provides for over voltage protection when
used in conjunction with an external circuit breaker (switchboard
mounted).
Function and adjustment of the accessories which can be fitted
inside the generator terminal box are covered in the accessories
section of this book.
2.2 PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR (PMG)
EXCITED - AVR CONTROLLED GENERATORS
Separate instructions are provided with other accessories
available for control panel mounting.
Fig. 2
The permanent magnet generator (PMG) provides power for
excitation of the exciter field via the AVR MX341 (or MX321) which
is the controlling device governing the level of excitation provided
to the exciter field. The AVR responds to a voltage sensing signal
derived, via an isolating transformer in the case of MX321 AVR,
5
SECTION 3
APPLICATION OF THE GENERATOR
adequately protected by the use of canopies. Anti-condensation
heaters are recommended during storage and for standby duty
to ensure winding insulation is maintained in good condition.
The generator is supplied as a component part for installation in
a generating set. It is not, therefore, practicable to fit all the
necessary warning/hazard labels during generator manufacture.
The additional labels required are packaged with this Manual,
together with a drawing identifying their locations. (see below).
When installed in a closed canopy it must be ensured that the
ambient temperature of the cooling air to the generator does
not exceed that for which the generator has been rated.
It is the responsibility
of the generating set manufacturer to
¯
ensure that the correct labels are fitted, and are clearly visible.
The canopy should be designed such that the engine air intake
to the canopy is separated from the generator intake, particularly
where the radiator cooling fan is required to draw air into the
canopy. In addition the generator air intake to the canopy should
be designed such that the ingress of moisture is prohibited,
preferably by use of a two stage filter.
The air intake/outlet must be suitable for the air flow given in the
following table with additional pressure drops less than or equal
to those given below:
Air Flow
Frame
HC4
HCK4
HC5
HCK5
HC6
HC7
HCK7
Additional
(intake/outlet)
Pressure Drop
50Hz
1500 Rev/Min
60Hz
1800 Rev/Min
0.48m³/sec
0.58m³/sec
6mm water gauge
1030cfm
1240cfm
(0.25")
0.68m³/sec
0.83m³/sec
6mm water gauge
1450cfm
1760cfm
(0.25")
1.04m³/sec
1.31m³/sec
6mm water gauge
2202cfm
2708cfm
(0.25")
1.23m³/sec
1.59m³/sec
6mm water gauge
2615cfm
3366cfm
(0.25")
1.62m³/sec
1.96m/sec
6mm water gauge
3420cfm
4156cfm
(0.25")
2.64m³/sec
3.17m³/sec
6mm water gauge
5600cfm
6720cfm
(0.25")
3.0m³/sec
3.70m³/sec
6mm water gauge
6550cfm
7860cfm
(0.25")
Table 1
If specified at the time of ordering, HC6 and HC7 generators
may be fitted with air filters. Air filters can be supplied factory
fitted or as parts for up-fit for the HC4 and HC5 generators.
These are oil charged gauze filters and require charging during
installation.
Impor tant !
The generators have been designed for use in a maximum
ambient temperature of 40°C, and altitude less than 1000 metres
above sea level in accordance with BS5000.
Reduction in cooling air flow or inadequate
protection to the generator can result in
damage and/or failure of windings.
Dynamic balancing of the generator rotor assembly has been
carried out during manufacture in accordance with BS 6861
Part 1 Grade 2.5 to ensure vibration limits of the generator are
in accordance with BS 4999 Part 142.
Ambients in excess of 40°C, and altitudes above 1000 metres
can be tolerated with reduced ratings - refer to the generator
nameplate for rating and ambient.
The main vibration frequencies produced by the component
generator are as follows:-:
In the event that the generator is required to operate in an ambient
in excess of the nameplate value or at altitudes in excess of 1000
metres above sea level, refer to the factory.
4 pole
6 pole
The generators are of air-ventilated screen protected drip-proof
design and are not suitable for mounting outdoors unless
6
1500 rpm
25 Hz
1800 rpm
30 Hz
1000 rpm
16.7 Hz
1200 rpm
20 Hz
3.1 VIBRATION
In standby applications where the running time is limited and
reduced life expectancy is accepted, higher levels than specified
in BS5000 can be tolerated, up to a maximum of 18mm/sec.
Vibrations generated by the engine are complex and contain
harmonics of 1.5, 3, 5 or more times the fundamental frequency
of vibration. The generator will be subjected to this vibration,
which will result in the generator being subjected to vibration
levels higher than those derived from the generator itself.
Newage generators are designed to withstand the vibration
levels encountered on generating sets built to meet the
requirements of ISO 8528-9 and BS5000-3. (Where ISO 8528
is taken to be broad band measurements and BS5000 refers
to the predominant frequency of any vibrations on the generating
set.)
Two bearing generators require a substantial bedplate with
engine/generator mounting pads to ensure a good base for
accurate alignment. Close coupling of engine to generator can
increase the overall rigidity of the set. A flexible coupling,
designed to suit the specific engine/generator combination, is
recommended to minimise torsional effects.
Alignment of single bearing generators is critical and vibration
can occur due to the flexing of the flanges between the engine
and generator. A substantial bedplate with engine/generator
mounting pads is required.
DEFINITION OF BS5000 - 3
For the purposes of establishing set design the bending
moment at the engine flywheel housing to generator adaptor
interface should not exceed that given in the table below:-
Generators shall be capable of continuously withstanding linear
vibration levels with amplitudes of 0.25mm between 5Hz and
8Hz and velocities of 9.0mm/s rms between 8 Hz and 200 Hz
when measured at any point directly on the carcass or main
frame of the machine. These limits refer only to the predominant
frequency of vibration of any complex waveform.
DEFINITION OF ISO 8528 - 9
4 POLE
1500 rpm 50 Hz
1800 rpm 60 HZ
6 POLE
1000 rpm 50 Hz
1200 rpm 60 Hz
VIBRATION
DISPLACEMENT
mm (rms)
VIBRATION
VELOCITY
mm/s (rms)
VIBRATION
ACCELERATION
m/s² (rms)
≤ 10 kVA
-
-
-
> 10 but
≤ 50 Kva
0.64
40
25
> 50 but
≤ 125 kVA
0.4
25
16
> 125 but
≤ 250 kVA
0.4
25
16
> 250 kVA
0.32
20
13
≥ 250 but
≤ 1250
0.32
20
13
> 1250
0.29
18
11
4/5
6/7
140 kgm. (1000ft.lbs.)
275 kgm. (2000ft.lbs.)
Torsional vibrations occur in all engine-driven shaft systems
and may be of a magnitude to cause damage at certain critical
speeds. It is therefore necessary to consider the torsional
vibration effect on the generator shaft and couplings.
VIBRATION LEVELS AS MEASURED ON THE GENERATOR
SET
OUTPUT
kVA
BENDING MOMENT
The maximum bending moment of the engine flange must be
checked with the engine manufacturer.
ISO 8528-9 refers to a broad band of frequencies, the broad
band is taken to be between 2 Hertz and 300 Hertz. The table
below is an example from ISO 8528 - 9 (value 1). This simplified
table lists the vibration limits by kVA range and speed for
acceptable genset operation.
Engine
S p eed
Min -¹
FRAME
It is the responsibility of the generator set manufacturer to
ensure compatibility, and for this purpose drawings showing
the shaft dimensions and rotor inertias are available for
customers to forward to the engine supplier. In the case of
single bearing generators coupling details are included.
Impor tant !
Torsional incompatibility and/or
excessive vibration levels can cause
damage or failure of generator
and/or engine components.
The standard terminal box is arranged for cable entry on the
right hand side looking from the non drive end of the generator.
If specified at the time of order cable entry may be arranged on
the opposite side.
The terminal box is constructed with removable panels for easy
adaptation to suit specific glanding requirements. Within the
terminal box there are insulated terminals for line and neutral
connections and provision for earthing. Additional earthing
points are provided on the generator feet.
The 'Broad band' is taken as 2 Hz - 300 Hz .
Table 2
It is the responsibility of the generating set designer to ensure
the alignment of the genset, stiffness of the bedframe and
mountings are such that the vibration limits as defined above
are met.
Warning !
No earth connections are made on the
generator and reference to site
regulations for earthing must be made.
Incorrect earthing or protection
arrangements can result in personal injury
or death.
If the vibration levels of the generating set are not within the
parameters quoted above :The neutral is NOT connected to the frame.
1.
2.
Consult the genset builder. The genset builder should
address the genset design to reduce the vibration
levels as much as possible.
Fault current curves (decrement curves), together with generator
reactance data, are available on request to assist the system
designer to select circuit breakers, calculate fault currents and
ensure discrimination within the load network.
Discuss, with Newage, the impact of not meeting the
above levels on both bearing and generator life
expectancy.
Impor tant !
Exceeding either of the above
specifications will have a detrimental effect
on the generating set and in particular on
the life of the bearings. (See section on
bearings). This will invalidate the generator
warranty. If you are in any doubt, contact
Newage International Limited.
Warning !
7
Incorrect installation, service or
replacement of parts can result in severe
personal injury or death, and/or
equipment damage. Service personnel
must be qualified to perform electrical and
mechanical service.
SECTION 4
INSTALLATION - PART 1
During the construction of single bearing units it is necessary
to align the generator’s coupling holes with the engine flywheel
holes: it is suggested that two diametrically opposite location
dowel pins are fitted to the engine flywheel, over which the
generator coupling can slide into final location into the engine
flywheel spigot recess. The dowels must be removed and
replaced by coupling bolts before the final bolt tightening
sequence.
4.1 LIFTING
Warning !
Incorrect lifting or inadequate lifting
capacity can result in severe personal
injury or equipment damage. MINIMUM
LIFTING CAPACITY REQUIRED IS AS
INDICATED ON THE LIFTING LABEL.
Generator lifting lugs should not be used
for lifting the complete generating set.
While fitting and tightening the coupling bolts it will be necessary
to rotate the Engine crankshaft - Generator rotor assembly. Care
should be taken to ensure that rotation is carried out in an
approved manner that ensures safe working practice when
reaching inside the machine to insert or tighten coupling bolts,
and that no component of the assembly is damaged by nonapproved methods of assembly rotation.
Two lifting lugs are provided for use with a shackle and pin type
lifting aid. A spreader with chains to ensure that the lift is vertical
of suitable length and lifting capacity must be used. Lifting points
are designed to position the craneage point as close to the
centre of gravity of the generator as possible, but due to design
restrictions it is not possible to guarantee that the generator
frame will remain horizontal while lifting. Care is therefore
needed to avoid personal injury or equipment damage. The
correct lifting arrangement is shown on the label attached to
the lifting lug. (See sample below).
Engine Manufacturers have available a proprietary tool designed
to enable manual rotation of the crankshaft assembly. This tool
must always be used, having been engineered as an approved
method of assembly rotation, by engaging the manually driven
pinion with the engine flywheel starter ring-gear.
Danger !
Before working inside the generator, during
the aligning and fitting of coupling bolts,
care should be taken to lock the assembly
to ensure there is no possibility of
assembly rotational movement.
4.2.1 TWO BEARING GENERATORS
A flexible coupling should be fitted and aligned in accordance
with the coupling manufacturer's instruction.
If a close coupling adaptor is used the alignment of machined
faces must be checked by offering the generator up to the engine.
Shim the generator feet if necessary. Ensure adaptor guards are
fitted after generator/engine assembly is complete. Open coupled
sets require a suitable guard, to be provided by the set builder.
Axial loading of the generator bearings should be avoided. Should
it be unavoidable contact the factory for advice.
Caution !
Incorrect guarding and/or generator
alignment can result in personal injury
and/or equipment damage.
4.2.2 SINGLE BEARING GENERATORS
TYPES HC & HCK
For transit and storage purposes the generator frame spigot
and rotor coupling plates have been coated with a rust
preventative. This MUST BE removed before assembly to engine.
Fig. 3
A practical method for removal of this coating is to clean the
mating surface areas with a de-greasing agent based on a
petroleum solvent.
Single bearing generators are supplied fitted with a rotor
retaining bar at the drive end of the shaft. Single bearing
generators are also fitted with wooden wedges supporting the
fan for transit purposes.
Caution !
Once the bar is removed to couple the rotor to engine, the rotor
is free to move in the frame, and care is needed during coupling
and alignment to ensure the frame is kept in the horizontal plane.
Care should be taken not to allow any
cleaning agent to come into prolonged
contact with skin.
Alignment of single bearing generators is critical. If necessary
shim the generator feet to ensure alignment of the machined
surfaces.
4.2 ENGINE TO GENERATOR COUPLING ASSEMBLY
During the assembly of the Generator to the Engine it will be
necessary to firstly carefully align, then rotate, the combined
Generator rotor - Engine crankshaft assembly, as part of the
construction process, to allow location, insertion and tightening
of the coupling bolts. This requirement to rotate the combined
assemblies exists for both single and two bearing units.
8
The sequence of assembly to the engine should generally be
as follows:
1.
On the engine check the distance from the coupling
mating face on the flywheel to the flywheel housing
mating face. This should be within 0.5mm of nominal
dimension. This is necessary to ensure that a thrust is
not applied to the ac generator bearing or engine
bearing.
2.
Check that the bolts securing the flexible plates to the
coupling hub are tight and locked into position. Refer to
Section 7, subsection 7.5.3.4 for tightening torques.
3.
Remove covers from the drive end of the generator to
gain access to coupling and adaptor bolts. Check
coupling joint interfaces are clean and lubricant free.
4.
TYPE HC GENERATORS
4.4 PRE-RUNNING CHECKS
4.4.1 INSULATION CHECK
Insulation tests should be carried out before running the
generating set, both after assembly and after installation on
site. (see Section 7.1).
Important
The windings have been H.V. tested during
manufacture and further H.V. testing may
degrade the insulation with consequent
reduction in operating life. Should it be
necessary to demonstrate H.V. testing, for
customer acceptance, the tests must be
carried out at reduced voltage levels i.e.
Test Voltage= 0.8 (2 X Rated Voltage + 1000)
4.4.2 DIRECTION OF ROTATION
4.4.2.1 FAN TYPES.
Check that coupling discs are concentric with adaptor
spigot. This can be adjusted by the use of tapered
wooden wedges between the fan and adaptor.
Alternatively the rotor can be suspended by means of
a rope sling through the adaptor opening.
5.
!
TYPE HC 4 & 5 GENERATORS.
These machines are fitted with a radial bladed bi-directional
fan, operating within a conventional full height air outlet grills.
Offer the generator to engine and engage both coupling
discs and housing spigots at same time, pushing
generator towards engine until coupling discs are against
flywheel face, and housing spigots located.
TYPE HC 6 & 7 GENERATORS.
TYPE HCK GENERATORS
TYPE HCK 4, 5, & 7 GENERATORS.
Screw the two supplied location studs into diametrically
opposite engine flywheel tapped holes, about the horizontal
centre line. Offer the generator to engine, locating
rotor coupling discs over the location studs, pushing
generator towards engine until housing spigots locate and
coupling discs are against flywheel face.
These machines are fitted with a inclined bladed fan, operating
within a voluted drive end adaptor with outlet grills half thee
machine height . Designed to optimise the fans performance.
These machines are fitted with an inclined bladed fan ,
operating within a conventional full height air outlet grills.
4.4.2.2 DIRECTION OF ROTATION
TYPE HCK GENERATORS.
Fit housing and coupling bolts taking care to use heavy
gauge washers between coupling bolt head and
coupling disc. Tighten bolts evenly around assembly
sufficiently to ensure correct alignment.
These machines have been designed with an improved cooling
fan system, incorporating the voluted fan housing. Therefore
these machines are suitable only for clockwise rotation, as
viewed from the drive end.
TYPE HCK GENERATORS
TYPE HC GENERATORS.
Remove location studs and replace with couplingflywheel bolts.
These machines can be operated in either direction of rotation.
6.
Tighten housing bolts.
Phase Rotation
7.
Tighten coupling disc to flywheel bolts. Refer to engine
manufacturers manual for correct tightening torque.
8.
TYPE HC GENERATORS
HC generators can rotate efficiently in either direction. However
phase rotation is fixed for clockwise rotation as viewed from the
drive end. If the generator is to be rotated in a counter-clockwise
direction it will be necessary for the customers to adjust their
cabling to the output terminals accordingly. Refer to the factory
for a reverse wiring diagram.
Remove rotor aligning aids, either wooden wedges, or
the two M10 set screws and sheet metal wear plates.
4.4.3 VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY
Caution !
Incorrect guarding and/or generator
alignment can result in personal injury
and/or equipment damage.
Check that the voltage and frequency levels required for the
generating set application are as indicated on the generator
nameplate.
4.3 EARTHING
HC4/5 generators normally have a 12 ends out reconnectable
winding. If it is necessary to reconnect the stator for the voltage
required, refer to diagrams in the back of this manual.
The generator frame should be solidly bonded to the generating
set bedplate. If antivibration mounts are fitted between the
generator frame and its bedplate a suitably rated earth conductor
(normally one half of the cross sectional area of the main line
cables) should bridge across the antivibration mount.
Warning !
4.4.4 AVR SETTINGS
To make AVR selections and adjustments remove the AVR cover
and refer to 4.4.4.1, 4.4.4.2, 4.4.4.3 or 4.4.4.4 depending upon
type of AVR fitted. Reference to the generator nameplate will
indicate AVR type (SX440, SX421, MX341 or MX321).
Refer to local regulations to ensure that
the correct earthing procedure has been
followed.
9
Most of the AVR adjustments are factory set in positions which
will give satisfactory performance during initial running tests.
Subsequent adjustment may be required to achieve optimum
performance of the set under operating conditions. Refer to
'Load Testing' section for details.
K 1-K 2 Linked for
norm al operation.
4.4.4.1 TYPE SX440 AVR
The following 'jumper' connections on the AVR should be
checked to ensure they are correctly set for the generating set
application.
K2 K1 P2 P3 P4 XX X
2 2 1
3
A1
A2
S1
S2
TR IM
Refer to Fig. 4a for location of selection links.
D R OO P
S X 44 0
1. Frequency selection terminals
LINK C-50
LINK C-60
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
V O LTS
2. Stability selection terminals
Frame HC4/5
Frame HC6/7
LINK B-C
LINK A-B
3. Sensing selection terminals
FR E QU E N CY
S E LEC TION
IN D IC ATOR
LE D
LINK 2-3
LINK 4-5
LINK 6-7
S TA B ILITY
UFRO
50 C 60
S E LEC TION
C B A
90kW - 550kW
O V E R 550kW
50H z
60H z
4. Excitation Interruption Link
S EN S IN G S E LEC TION
50Hz operation
60Hz operation
LINK K1-K2
Fig. 4a
4.4.4.2 TYPE SX421 AVR
The following 'jumper' connections on the AVR should be
checked to ensure they are correctly set for the generating set
application.
Refer to Fig. 4b for location of selection links.
1.Frequency selection terminals
50Hz operation
60Hz operation
LINK C-50
LINK C-60
2.Stability selection terminals
Frame HC4/5
Frame HC6/7
LINK B-C
LINK A-B
3. Excitation Interruption Link
Linked at auxiliary terminal block. K1-K2
4.4.4.3 TYPE MX341 AVR
Fig. 4b
The following 'jumper' connections on the AVR should be
checked to ensure they are correctly set for the generating set
application.
K 1-K 2 Linke d for
norm al operation .
K2 K1 P2 P3 P4 XX X
Refer to Fig. 4c for location of selection links.
pole
pole
pole
pole
50Hz
60Hz
50Hz
60Hz
operation
operation
operation
operation
LINK 2-3
LINK 1-3
NO LINK
LINK 1-2
2 21
T R IM
D RO OP
M X341
V O LT S
2. Stability selection terminals
Frame HC4/5
Frame HC6/7
LINK B-C
LINK A-B
D IP
3. Sensing selection terminals
E X C TR IP
S TA B ILIT Y
U FR O
3 2 1
S E LE C T IO N
C B A
4P /60H z
4P /50H z
6P /60H z
4. Excitation Interruption Link
LINK K1-K2
N O LIN K 6P /50H z
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
F R E Q UE N C Y
S E LE C T IO N
IN D IC ATO R
LE D
LINK 2-3
LINK 4-5
LINK 6-7
A1
A2
S1
S2
Fig. 4c
90k W - 55 0kW
O V E R 550k W
S E N S IN G S E LE C T IO N
4
4
6
6
3
4.4.4.4 TYPE MX321 AVR
Caution !
The following 'jumper' connections on the AVR should be
checked to ensure they are correctly set for the generating set
application.
Refer to Fig. 4d for location of selection links.
1. Frequency selection terminals
4
4
6
6
pole
pole
pole
pole
50Hz
60Hz
50Hz
60Hz
operation
operation
operation
operation
4.6 INITIAL START-UP
LINK 2-3
LINK 1-3
NO LINK
LINK 1-2
2. Stability selection terminals
Frame HC4/5
Frame HC6/7
Check that all wiring terminations for
internal or external wiring are secure, and
fit all terminal box covers and guards.
Failure to secure wiring and/or covers
may result in personal injury and/or
equipment failure.
Warning !
LINK B-C
LINK A-B
3. Excitation Interruption Link
During testing it may be necessary to
remove covers to adjust controls
exposing 'live' terminals or components.
Only personnel qualified to perform
electrical service should carry out testing
and/or adjustments. Refit all access
covers after adjustments are completed.
On completion of generating set assembly and before starting
the generating set ensure that all engine manufacturer's prerunning procedures have been completed, and that adjustment
of the engine governor is such that the generator will not be
subjected to speeds in excess of 125% of the rated speed.
Linked at auxiliary terminal block. K1-K2
Important !
MX321
Overspeeding of the generator during
initial setting of the speed governor can
result in damage to the generator rotating
components.
In addition remove the AVR access cover and turn VOLTS control
fully anti-clockwise. Start the generating set and run on no-load
at nominal frequency. Slowly turn VOLTS control potentiometer
clockwise until rated voltage is reached. Refer to Fig. 4a - 4d for
control potentiometer location.
Impor tant ! Do not increase the voltage above the
rated generator voltage shown on the
generator nameplate.
The STABILITY control potentiometer will have been pre-set and
should normally not require adjustment, but should this be
required, usually identified by oscillation of the voltmeter, refer to
Fig. 4a - 4d for control potentiometer location and proceed as
follows:-
Fig. 4d
4.5 GENERATOR SET TESTING
Warning !
During testing it may be necessary to
remove covers to adjust controls
exposing 'live' terminals or components.
Only personnel qualified to perform
electrical service should carry out testing
and/or adjustments.
1.
Run the generating set on no-load and check that speed
is correct and stable.
2.
Turn the STABILITY control potentiometer clockwise,
then turn slowly anti-clockwise until the generator voltage
starts to become unstable.
4.5.1 TEST METERING/CABLING
The correct setting is slightly clockwise from this position (i.e.
where the machine volts are stable but close to the unstable
region).
Connect any instrument wiring and cabling required for initial test
purposes with permanent or spring-clip type connectors.
Minimum instrumentation for testing should be line - line or
line to neutral voltmeter, Hz meter, load current metering and
kW meter. If reactive load is used a power factor meter is
desirable.
Impor tant ! When fitting power cables for load testing
purposes, ensure cable voltage rating is at
least equal to the generator rated voltage.
The load cable termination should be
placed on top of the winding lead
termination and clamped between the two
nuts provided, on HC4/5 generators.
11
Impor tant !
4.7 LOAD TESTING
Warning !
During testing it may be necessary to
remove covers to adjust controls
exposing 'live' terminals or components.
Only personnel qualified to perform
electrical service should carry out testing
and/or adjustments. Refit all access
covers after adjustments are completed.
With AVR Types MX341 and MX321.
If the LED is illuminated and no output
voltage is present, refer to EXC TRIP
and/or OVER/V sections below.
4.7.1.2 EXC TRIP (Excitation Trip) AVR Types MX341
and MX321
An AVR supplied from a permanent magnet generator inherently
delivers maximum excitation power on a line to line or line to
neutral short circuit. In order to protect the generator windings
the AVR incorporates an over excitation circuit which detects
high excitation and removes it after a pre-determined time, i.e.
8-10 seconds.
4.7.1 AVR ADJUSTMENTS
Refer to Fig. 4a - 4d for control potentiometer locations.
Symptoms of incorrect setting are the generator output
collapses on load or small overload, and the LED is
permanently illuminated.
Having adjusted VOLTS and STABILITY during the initial startup procedure, other AVR control functions should not normally
need adjustment. If instability on load is experienced recheck
stability setting. Refer to subsection 4.6.
The correct setting is 70 volts +/- 5% between terminals X and
XX.
If however, poor voltage regulation on-load or voltage collapse
is experienced, refer to the following paragraphs on each
function to a) check that the symptoms observed do indicate
adjustment is necessary, and b) to make the adjustment
correctly.
4.7.1.3 OVER/V (Over Voltage) AVR Types SX421 and
MX321
Over voltage protection circuitry is included in the AVR to remove
generator excitation in the event of loss of AVR sensing input.
4.7.1.1 UFRO (Under Frequency Roll Off) (AVR Types
SX440, SX421, MX341 and MX321)
The MX321 has both internal electronic de-excitation and
provision of a signal to operate an external circuit breaker.
The SX421 only provides a signal to operate an external breaker,
which MUST be fitted if over voltage protection is required.
Incorrect setting would cause the generator output voltage to
collapse at no-load or on removal of load, and the LED to be
illuminated.
The AVR incorporates an underspeed protection circuit which
gives a voltage/speed (Hz) characteristic as shown:
The correct setting is 300 volts +/-5% across terminals E1, E0.
Clockwise adjustment of the OVER/V control potentiometer will
increase the voltage at which the circuit operates.
4.7.1.4 TRANSIENT LOAD SWITCHING
ADJUSTMENTS AVR Types SX421, MX341 and MX321
The additional function controls of DIP and DWELL are provided
to enable the load acceptance capability of the generating set
to be optimised. The overall generating set performance
depends upon the engine capability and governor response, in
conjunction with the generator characteristics.
Fig. 5
It is not possible to adjust the level of voltage dip or recovery
independently from the engine performance, and there will
always be a 'trade off' between frequency dip and voltage dip.
The UFRO control potentiometer sets the "knee point".
Symptoms of incorrect setting are a) the light emitting diode
(LED) indicator, just above the UFRO Control potentiometer,
being permanently lit when the generator is on load, and b)
poor voltage regulation on load, i.e. operation on the sloping
part of the characteristic.
Clockwise adjustment lowers the frequency (speed) setting of
the "knee point" and extinguishes the LED. For Optimum setting
the LED should illuminate as the frequency falls just below
nominal frequency, i.e. 47Hz on a 50Hz generator or 57Hz on a
60Hz generator.
12
DIP-AVR Types SX421, MX341 and MX321
Failure to refit covers can result in
operator personal injury or death.
The dip function control potentiometer adjusts the slope of the
voltage/speed (Hz) characteristic below the knee point as
shown below:
Warning !
4.7.1.5 RAMP
AVR Type MX321
The RAMP potentiometer enables adjustment of the time taken
for the generator's initial build up to normal rated voltage during
each start and run up to speed. The potentiometer is factory set
to give a ramp time of three seconds, which is considered to be
suitable for most applications. This time can be reduced to one
second by turning the pot. fully counter clockwise, and increased
to eight seconds by turning the pot. fully clockwise.
4.8 ACCESSORIES
Refer to the "ACCESSORIES" Section of this Manual for setting
up procedures related to generator mounted accessories.
If there are accessories for control panel mounting supplied
with the generator refer to the specific accessory fitting
procedures inserted inside the back cover of this book.
Fig. 6
Replace AVR access cover after all adjustments are completed.
DWELL-AVR Type MX321
The dwell function introduces a time delay between the recovery
of voltage and recovery of speed.
The purpose of the time delay is to reduce the generator kW
below the available engine kW during the recovery period, thus
allowing an improved speed recovery.
Again this control is only functional below the "knee point", i.e.
if the speed stays above the knee point during load switching
there is no effect from the DWELL function setting.
Clockwise adjustment gives increased recovery time.
Fig. 7
The graphs shown above are representations only, since it is
impossible to show the combined effects of voltage regulator
and engine governor performance.
13
SECTION 5
INSTALLATION - PART 2
The following table is for your guidance.
5.1 GENERAL
The extent of site installation will depend upon the generating
set build, e.g. if the generator is installed in a canopied set with
integral switchboards and circuit breaker, on site installation
will be limited to connecting up the site load to the generating
set output terminals. In this case reference should be made to
the generating set manufacturer's instruction book and any
pertinent local regulations.
If the generator has been installed on a set without switchboard
or circuit breaker the following points relating to connecting up
the generator should be noted.
FRAME
HOLE SIZE
BOLT SIZE
TORQUE Nm
4
-
12
45
5
13
12
50
6
17
14
70
7
17
16
90
Table 3
Carry out periodic checks to ensure the correct torque settings.
5.2 GLANDING
5.4 EARTHING
The terminal box is arranged for glanding on the right hand
side (or if specifically ordered on the left hand side) viewed
from the non drive end. Both panels are removable for drilling/
punching to suit glands/or glanding boxes. If single core cables
are taken through the terminal box side panel an insulated or
non-magnetic gland plate should be fitted.
The neutral of the generator is not bonded to the generator
frame as supplied from the factory. An earth terminal is provided
inside the terminal box adjacent to the main terminals. Should
it be required to operate with the neutral earthed a substantial
earth conductor (normally equivalent to one half of the section
of the line conductors) must be connected between the neutral
and the earth terminal inside the terminal box. It is the
responsibility of the generating set builder to ensure the
generating set bedplate and generator frame are all bonded to
the main earth terminal in the terminal box.
At entry to the terminal box incoming cables should be supported
by a recognised glanding method such that minimum
unsupported weight, and no axial force is transferred to the
terminal assembly.
Caution !
Incoming cables external to the terminal box should be
supported at a sufficient distance from the centre line of the
generating set so as to avoid a tight radius at the point of entry
into the terminal box panel, and allow movement of the generator
set on its anti-vibration mountings without excessive stress on
the cable.
5.5 PROTECTION
It is the responsibility of the end user and his contractors/subcontractors to ensure that the overall system protection meets
the needs of any inspectorate, local electricity authority or safety
rules, pertaining to the site location.
Before making final connections, test the insulation resistance
of the windings. The AVR should be disconnected during this
test and RTD leads grounded.
To enable the system designer to achieve the necessary
protection and/or discrimination, fault current curves are
available on request from the factory, together with generator
reactance values to enable fault current calculations to be
made.
A 500V Megger or similar instrument should be used. Should
the insulation resistance be less than 5MΩ the windings must
be dried out as detailed in the Service and Maintenance section
of this manual.
When making connections to the terminals of Frame 4
generators, the incoming cable termination lug should be
placed on top of the winding lead termination lug(s) and then
clamped with the nut provided.
Impor tant !
Reference to local electricity regulations
or safety rules should be made to ensure
correct earthing procedures have been
followed.
Warning !
To avoid the possibility of swarf entering
any electrical components in the terminal
box, panels must be removed for drilling.
Incorrect installation and/or protective
systems can result in personal injury
and/or equipment damage.
Installers must be qualified to perform
electrical installation work.
5.6 COMMISSIONING
Ensure that all external cabling is correct and that all the
generating set manufacturer's pre-running checks have been
carried out before starting the set.
5.3 TORQUE SETTINGS FOR TERMINAL CONNECTIONS
Pre treatment: Clean plated surfaces with a degreasing agent,
then lightly abrade them to remove any tarnish. Don’t score the
surface.
Generators fitted with air filters should have the filters charged
with oil prior to commissioning. Refer to Service Section for
charging procedure (subsection 7.3.2).
The generator torque settings for all connections, links, CT's,
accessories, cables, etc. is 45 Nm.
The generator AVR controls will have been adjusted during the
generating set manufacturer's tests and should normally not
require further adjustment.
The customer output cables should be connected to the
terminals using 8.8 grade steel bolts and associated antivibration hardware.
Should malfunction occur during commissioning refer to Service
and Maintenance section 'Fault Finding' procedure (subsection
7.4).
14
SECTION 6
ACCESSORIES
It is important to recognise that
Generator control accessories may be fitted, as an option, in the
generator terminal box. If fitted at the time of supply, the wiring
diagram(s) in the back of this book shows the connections. When
the options are supplied separately, fitting instructions are
provided with the accessory.
1.
and
The following table indicates availability of accessories with
the differing AVRs.
AVR
Model
Paralleling
Droop or
Astatic
Manual
Voltage
Regulator
VAr/PF
Control
Current Limit
SX440
a
r
a
r
SX421
a
r
a
r
MX341
a
a
a
r
MX321
a
a
a
a
kW are derived from the engine, and speed governor
characteristics determine the kW sharing between sets
2.
kVAr are derived from the generator, and excitation
control characteristics determine the kVAr sharing.
Reference should be made to the generating set manufacturer's
instructions for setting the governor controls.
6.2.1 DROOP
The most commonly used method of kVAr sharing is to create a
generator voltage characteristic which falls with decreasing power
factor (increasing kVAr). This is achieved with a current transformer (C.T.) which provides a signal dependent on current
phase angle (i.e. power factor) to the AVR.
Table 4
A remote voltage adjust (hand trimmer) can be fitted.
The current transformer has a burden resistor on the AVR board,
and a percentage of the burden resistor voltage is summed into
the AVR circuit. Increasing droop is obtained by turning the
DROOP control potentiometer clockwise.
The remote voltage adjustment potentiometer is connected
across AVR terminals 1-2.
The diagrams below indicate the effect of droop in a simple two
generator system:-
6.1 REMOTE VOLTAGE ADJUST (ALL AVR TYPES)
These terminals are normally linked.
When the remote voltage adjust potentiometer is used the link
across terminals 1-2 must be removed.
On AVR types SX440 and MX341 the link 1-2 is on an adjacent
terminal block.
On AVR types SX421 and MX321 the link 1-2 is on the AVR
terminals.
6.2 PARALLEL OPERATION
Understanding of the following notes on parallel operation is useful
before attempting the fitting or setting of the droop kit accessory.
When operating in parallel with other generators or the mains, it
is essential that the phase sequence of the incoming generator
matches that of the busbar and also that all of the following
conditions are met before the circuit breaker of the incoming
generator is closed on to the busbar (or operational generator).
1.
Frequency must match within close limits.
2.
Voltages must match within close limits.
3.
Phase angle of voltages must match within close limits.
A variety of techniques, varying from simple synchronising lamps
to fully automatic synchronisers, can be used to ensure these
conditions are met.
Once connected in parallel a minimum instrumentation level per
generator of voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter (measuring total power
per generator), and frequency meter is required in order to adjust
the engine and generator controls to share kW in relation to engine
ratings and kVAr in relation to generator ratings.
Important !
Failure to meet conditions 1, 2, and 3 when
closing the circuit breaker, will generate
excessive mechanical and electrical
stresses, resulting in equipment damage.
Fig. 8
15
Generally 5% droop at full load current zero p.f. is sufficient to
ensure kVAr sharing.
6.2.2 ASTATIC CONTROL
The 'droop' current transformer can be used in a connection
arrangement which enables the normal regulation of the generator
to be maintained when operating in parallel.
If the droop accessory has been supplied with the generator it
will have been tested to ensure correct polarity and set to a
nominal level of droop. The final level of droop will be set during
generating set commissioning.
This feature is only supplied from the factory as a fitted droop kit,
however, if requested at the time of order, the diagrams inside
the back cover of this book will give the necessary site
connections. The end user is required to provide a shorting switch
for the droop current transformer secondary.
Although nominal droop setting may be factory set it is advisable
to go through the setting procedure below.
6.2.1.1 SETTING PROCEDURE
Impor tant !
Depending upon available load the following settings should be
used - all are based on rated current level.
0.8 P.F. LOAD
Zero P.F. LOAD
(at full load current)
(at full load current)
SET DROOP TO 3%
SET DROOP TO 5%
Setting the droop with low power factor load is the most accurate.
Should the generator be required to be converted from standard
droop to 'astatic' control, diagrams are available on request.
Run each generator as a single unit at rated frequency or rated
frequency + 4% depending upon type of governor and nominal
voltage. Apply available load to rated current of the generator.
Adjust 'DROOP' control potentiometer to give droop in line with
above table. Clockwise rotation increases amount of droop. Refer
to Fig. 4a - 4d for potentiometer locations.
The setting procedure is exactly the same as for DROOP.
(Subsection 6.2.1.1)
6.3 MANUAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR (MVR) - MX341
and MX321 AVR
Note 1)
Reverse polarity of the C.T. will raise the generator voltage with
load. The polarities S1-S2 shown on the wiring diagrams are
correct for clockwise rotation of the generator looking at the drive
end. Reversed rotation requires S1-S2 to be reversed.
This accessory is provided as an 'emergency' excitation system,
in the event of an AVR failure.
Powered from a PMG output the unit is manually set, but
automatically controls the excitation current, independent of
generator voltage or frequency.
Note 2)
The most important aspect is to set all generators equal. The
precise level of droop is less critical.
The unit is provided with 'MANUAL', 'OFF', 'AUTO' switching
facility.
Note 3)
A generator operated as a single unit with a droop circuit set at
rated load 0.8 power factor is unable to maintain the usual 0.5%
regulation. A shorting switch can be connected across S1-S2 to
restore regulation for single running.
Important !
When using this connection arrangement a
shorting switch is required across each
C.T. burden (terminals S1 and S2.)
The switch must be closed a) when a
generating set is not running and b) when
a generating set is selected for single
running.
'MANUAL'
- position connects the exciter field to the MVR output. Generator
output is then controlled by the operator adjusting the excitation
current.
'OFF'
LOSS OF FUEL to an engine can cause its
generator to motor with consequent
damage to the generator windings.
Reverse power relays should be fitted to
trip main circuit breaker.
LOSS OF EXCITATION to the generator
can result in large current oscillations with
consequent damage to generator
windings. Excitation loss detection
equipment should be fitted to trip main
circuit breaker.
- disconnects the exciter field from both MVR and the normal
AVR.
'AUTO'
- connects the exciter field to the normal AVR and the generator
output is controlled at the pre-set voltage under AVR control.
6.4 OVERVOLTAGE DE-EXCITATION BREAKER SX421
and MX321 AVR
This accessory provides positive interruption of the excitation
power in the event of overvoltage due to loss of sensing or internal
AVR faults including the output power device.
With the MX321 AVR this accessory is supplied loose for fitting in
the control panel.
In the case of the SX421 the circuit breaker is always supplied
and will normally be fitted in the generator.
16
Important ! When the CB is supplied loose, terminals
K1-K2 at the auxiliary terminal block are
fitted with a link to enable operation of the
AVR. When connecting the circuit breaker
this link must be removed.
With the switch across K1-K2 open start the generating set.
Close the switch across K1-K2 and turn the "I/LIMIT" control
potentiometer clockwise until required current level is observed
on the clip-on ammeter. As soon as correct setting is achieved
open the K1-K2 switch.
6.4.1 RESETTING THE EXCITATION BREAKER
Should the current collapse during the setting procedure, the
internal protective circuits of the AVR will have operated. In this
event shut down the set and open the K1-K2 switch. Restart the
set and run for 10 minutes with K1-K2 switch open, to cool the
generator windings, before attempting to resume the setting
procedure.
In the event of operation of the circuit breaker, indicated by loss
of generator output voltage, manual resetting is required. When
in the "tripped" state the circuit breaker switch lever shows "OFF".
To reset move the switch lever to the position showing "ON".
Danger !
Terminals which are LIVE with the
generating set running are exposed when
the AVR access cover is removed.
Resetting of the circuit breaker must be
carried out with the generating set
stationary, and engine starting circuits
disabled.
Important !
Failure to carry out the correct COOLING
procedure may cause overheating and
consequent damage to the generator
windings.
6.6 POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER (PFC3)
When fitted in the generator, access to the breaker is gained by
removal of the AVR access cover.
This accessory is primarily designed for those generator
applications where operation in parallel with the mains supply is
required.
The circuit breaker is mounted on the AVR mounting bracket either
to the left or to the right of the AVR depending upon AVR position.
After resetting the circuit breaker replace the AVR access cover
before restarting the generating set. Should resetting of the circuit
breaker not restore the generator to normal operation, refer to
subsection 7.5.
Protection against loss of mains voltage or generator excitation
is not included in the unit and the system designer must
incorporate suitable protection.
The electronic control unit requires both droop and kVAr current
transformers. When supplied with the generator, wiring diagrams
inside the back cover of this manual show the connections and
the additional instruction leaflet provided gives details of setting
procedures for the power factor controller (PFC3).
6.5 CURRENT LIMIT - MX321 AVR
These accessories work in conjunction with the AVR circuits to
provide an adjustment to the level of current delivered into a fault.
One current transformer (CT) per phase is fitted to provide current
limiting on any line to line or line to neutral fault.
The unit monitors the power factor of the generator current and
adjusts excitation to maintain the power factor constant.
This mode can also be used to control the power factor of the
mains if the point of current monitoring is moved to the mains
cables. Refer to the factory for appropriate details.
Note: The W phase CT can also provide "DROOP". Refer to
6.2.1.1. for setting droop independent of current limit.
Adjustment means is provided with the "I/LIMIT" control
potentiometer on the AVR. Refer to Fig. 4d for location. If current
limit transformers are supplied with the generator the limit will
be set in accordance with the level specified at the time of
order, and no further adjustment will be necessary. However,
should the level need to be adjusted, refer to the setting
procedure given in 6.5.1.
It is also possible to operate the unit to control kVAr of the
generator if required. Refer to the factory for appropriate details.
6.5.1 SETTING PROCEDURE
Run the generating set on no-load and check that engine
governor is set to control nominal speed.
Stop the generating set. Remove the link between terminals
K1-K2 at the auxiliary terminal block and connect a 5A switch
across the terminals K1-K2.
Turn the "I/LIMIT" control potentiometer fully anticlockwise. Short
circuit the stator winding with a bolted 3 phase short at the main
terminals. An AC current clip-on ammeter is required to measure
the winding lead current.
17
SECTION 7
SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE
As part of routine maintenance procedures, periodic attention
to winding condition (particularly when generators have been
idle for a long period) and bearings is recommended. (Refer to
subsections 7.1 and 7.2 respectively).
The condition of the windings can be assessed by
measurement of insulation resistance [IR] between phase to
phase, and phase to earth.
Measurement of winding insulation should be carried out: -
When generators are fitted with air filters regular inspection
and filter maintenance is required. (Refer to subsection 7.3).
7.1 WINDING CONDITION
Warning !
Service and fault finding procedures
present hazards which can result in
severe personal injury or death. Only
personnel qualified to perform electrical
and mechanical service should carry out
these procedures.
Ensure engine starting circuits are
disabled before commencing service or
maintenance procedures. Isolate any
anti-condensation heater supply.
1.
As part of a periodic maintenance plan.
2.
After prolonged periods of shutdown.
3.
When low insulation is suspected, e.g. damp or wet
windings.
Care should be taken when dealing with windings that are
suspected of being excessively damp or dirty. The initial
measurement of the [IR] Insulation Resistance should be
established using a low voltage (500V) megger type instrument.
If manually powered the handle should initially be turned slowly
so that the full test voltage will not be applied, and only applied
for long enough to very quickly assess the situation if low values
are suspected or immediately indicated.
Full megger tests or any other form of high voltage test should
not be applied until the windings have been dried out and if
necessary cleaned.
Guidance of Typical Insulation Resistance [IR] Values
The following is offered as general information about IR values
and is aimed at providing guidance about the typical IR values
for generators from new through to the point of refurbishment.
Procedure for Insulation Testing
Disconnect all electronic components, AVR, electronic protection
equipment etc. Ground the [RTD's] Resistance Temperature
Detection devices if fitted. Short out the diodes on the rotating
diode assembly. Be aware of all components connected to the
system under test that could cause false readings or be
damaged by the test voltage.
New Machines
The generators Insulation Resistance, along with many other
critical factors, will have been measured during the alternator
manufacturing process. The generator will have been
transported with an appropriate packaging suitable for the
method of delivery to the Generating Set assemblers works.
Where we expect it to be stored in a suitable location protected
from adverse environmental conditions.
Carry out the insulation test in accordance with the ‘operating
instructions for the test equipment.
The measured value of insulation resistance for all windings
to earth and phase to phase should be compared with the
guidance given above for the various 'life stages' of a generator.
The minimum acceptable value must be greater than 1.0 MΩ.
However, absolute assurance that the generator will arrive at
the Gen-set production line with IR values still at the factory test
levels of above 100 MΩ cannot be guaranteed.
If low winding insulation is confirmed use one or more of the
methods, given below, for drying the winding should be
carried out.
At Generating Set Manufacturers Works
The generator should have been transported and stored such
that it will be delivered to the assembly area in a clean dry
condition. If held in appropriate storage conditions the generator
IR value should typically be 25 MΩ.
7.1.2 METHODS OF DRYING OUT GENERATORS
Cold Run
If the unused/new generators IR values fall below 10 MΩ then a
drying out procedure should be implemented by one of the
processes outlined below before being despatched to the end
customer’s site. Some investigation should be undertaken into
the storage conditions of the generator while on site.
Consider a good condition generator that has not been run for
some time, and has been standing in damp, humid conditions.
It is possible that simply running the gen set unexcited - AVR
terminals K1 K2 open circuit - for a period of say 10 minutes
will sufficiently dry the surface of the windings and raise the IR
sufficiently, to greater than 1.0 MΩ , and so allow the unit to be
put into service.
Generators in Service
Blown Air Drying
Whilst It is known that a generator will give reliable service with
an IR value of just 1.0 MΩ. For a relatively new generator to be
so low it must have been subjected to inappropriate operating
or storage conditions.
Remove the covers from all apertures to allow the escape of
the water-laden air. During drying, air must be able to flow
freely through the generator in order to carry off the moisture.
Direct hot air from two electrical fan heaters of around 1 – 3 kW
into the generator air inlet apertures. Ensure the heat source
is at least 300mm away from the windings to avoid over heating
and damage to the insulation.
Any temporarily reduction in IR values can be restored to
expected values by following one of the drying out procedures.
Apply the heat and plot the insulation value at half hourly
intervals. The process is complete when the parameters
covered in the section entitled, ‘Typical Drying Out Curve’, are
met.
7.1.1 WINDING CONDITION ASSESSMENT
Caution !
The AVR should be disconnected
and the Resistance Temperature
Detector (R.T.D.) leads grounded
during this test.
Remove the heaters, replace all covers and re-commission
as appropriate.
18
If the set is not to be run immediately ensure that the anticondensation heaters are energised, and retest prior to running.
Drying should be continued after point “A” has been reached
for at least one hour.
Short Circuit Method
It should be noted that as winding temperature increases,
values of insulation resistance may significantly reduce.
Therefore, the reference values for insulation resistance can
only be established with windings at a temperature of
approximately 20°C.
NOTE: This process should only be performed by a competent
engineer familiar with safe operating practices within and around
generator sets of the type in question.
Ensure the generator is safe to work on, initiate all mechanical
and electrical safety procedures pertaining to the genset and
the site.
If the IR value remains below 1.0 MΩ, even after the above
drying methods have been properly conducted, then a
Polarisation Index test [PI] should be carried out.
Bolt a short circuit of adequate current carrying capacity, across
the main terminals of the generator. The shorting link should
be capable of taking full load current.
If the minimum value of 1.0 MΩ for all components cannot be
achieved rewinding or refurbishment of the generator will be
necessary.
Disconnect the cables from terminals “X” and “XX” of the AVR.
The generator must not be put into service until the minimum
values can be achieved.
Connect a variable dc supply to the “X” (positive) and “XX”
(negative) field cables. The dc supply must be able to provide
a current up to 2.0 Amp at 0 - 24 Volts.
Impor tant !
Position a suitable ac ammeter to measure the shorting link
current.
Set the dc supply voltage to zero and start the generating set.
Slowly increase the dc voltage to pass current through the
exciter field winding. As the excitation current increases, so the
stator current in the shorting link will increase. This stator output
current level must be monitored, and not allowed to exceed
80% of the generators rated output current.
After drying out, the insulation resistances should be rechecked
to verify minimum resistances quoted above are achieved.
On re-testing it is recommended that the main stator insulation
resistance is checked as follows:Separate the neutral leads
After every 30 minutes of this exercise:
Stop the generator and switch off the separate excitation supply,
and measure and record the stator winding IR values, and plot
the results. The resulting graph should be compared with the
classic shaped graph. This drying out procedure is complete
when the parameters covered in the section entitled 'Typical
Drying Out Curve' are met.
Ground V and W
phase and megger
U phase to ground
Ground U and W phase and megger
V phase to ground
Ground U and V
phase and megger
W phase to ground
If the minimum value of 1.0MΩ is not obtained, drying out must
be continued and the test repeated.
7.2 BEARINGS
Once the Insulation Resistance is raised to an acceptable level
- minimum value 1.0 MΩ − the dc supply may be removed and
the exciter field leads “X” and “XX” re-connected to their
terminals on the AVR.
One of two bearing options will be fitted to generators covered
by this manual.
B earing Options
Rebuild the genset, replace all covers and re-commission as
appropriate.
If the set is not to be run immediately ensure that the anticondensation heaters are energised, and retest the generator
prior to running.
TYPICAL DRYING OUT CURVE
Whichever method is used to dry out the generator the
resistance should be measured every half-hour and a curve
plotted as shown. (fig 6.)
A
H C /H C K /H C M
R egreasable*
Sealed for life*†
4
Not avai lable
Standard
5
Opti onal
Standard
6
Opti onal
Standard
7
Standard
Not avai lable
Table 5
*All bearings are supplied pre-packed with Kluber Asonic GHY 72
M inim um re ading 1.0 M Ω
Resistance
grease.
†Sealed for life bearings are fitted with integral seals and are not
regreasable.
BEARING LIFE
Fig. 9
Tim e
The illustration shows a typical curve for a machine that has
absorbed a considerable amount of moisture. The curve
indicates a temporary increase in resistance, a fall and then a
gradual rise to a steady state. Point ‘A’, the steady state, must
be greater than 1.0 MΩ. (If the windings are only slightly damp
the dotted portion of the curve may not appear).
For general guidance expect that the typical time to reach point
'A' will be:
1 hour for a BC16/18,
2 hours for a UC22/27
3 hours for an HC4,5,6&7
The short circuit must not be applied with
the AVR connected in circuit. Current in
excess of the rated generator current will
cause damage to the windings.
19
Impor tant !
The life of a bearing in service is subject to
the working conditions and the
environment.
Impor tant !
High levels of vibration from the engine or
misalignment of the set will stress the
bearing and reduce its service life. If the
vibration limits set out in BS 5000-3 and ISO
8528-9 are exceeded bearing life will be
reduced. Refer to ‘Vibration’ below.
Impor tant !
Long stationary periods in an environment
where the generator is subject to vibration
can cause false brinnelling, which puts flats
on the ball and grooves on the races, leading
to premature failure.
Impor tant !
Impor tant !
Very humid atmospheric or wet conditions
can emulsify the grease causing corrosion
and deterioration of the grease, leading to
premature failure of the bearings.
Exceeding either of the above
specifications will have a detrimental effect
on the life of the bearing. This will invalidate
the generator warranty. If you are in any
doubt, contact Newage International Limited.
HEALTH MONITORING OF THE BEARINGS
If the vibration levels of the generating set are not within the
parameters quoted above :-
Newage recommends that the user checks the bearing
condition, using monitoring equipment, to determine the state
of the bearings. The ‘best practice’ is to take initial readings as
a base line and periodically monitor the bearings to detect a
deteriorating trend. It will then be possible to plan a bearing
change at an appropriate generating set or engine service
interval.
VIBRATION
Newage generators are designed to withstand the vibration
levels encountered on generating sets built to meet the
requirements of ISO 8528-9 and BS5000-3. (Where ISO 8528
is taken to be broad band measurements and BS5000 refers
to the predominant frequency of any vibrations on the generating
set.)
Discuss, with Newage, the impact of not meeting the above
levels on both bearing and generator life expectancy.
Bearing manufacturers recognise that the “service life” of their
bearings is dependent upon many factors that are not in their
control, they cannot therefore quote a “service life”.
Although “service life” cannot be guaranteed, it can be
maximised by attention to the generating set design. An
understanding of the genset application will also help the user
to maximise the service life expectancy of the bearings.
Particular attention should be paid to the alignment, reduction
of vibration levels, environmental protection, maintenance and
monitoring procedures.
DEFINITION of ISO 8528 - 9
ISO 8528-9 refers to a broad band of frequencies, the broad
band is taken to be between 2 Hertz and 300 Hertz. The table
below is an example from ISO 8528 - 9 (value 1). This simplified
table lists the vibration limits by kVA range and speed for
acceptable genset operation.
Newage does not quote life expectancy figures for bearings,
but suggests practicable replacement intervals based on the
L10 life of the bearing, the grease and the recommendations
of the bearing and grease manufacturers.
VIBRATION LEVELS AS MEASURED ON THE GENERATOR
6 POLE
1000 rpm 50 Hz
1200 rpm 60 Hz
2.
BEARING 'SERVICE LIFE' EXPECTANCY
Generators shall be capable of continuously withstanding linear
vibration levels with amplitudes of 0.25mm between 5Hz and
8Hz and velocities of 9.0mm/s rms between 8 Hz and 200 Hz
when measured at any point directly on the carcass or
main frame of the machine. These limits refer only to the
predominant frequency of vibration of any complex waveform.
4 POLE
1500 rpm 50 Hz
1800 rpm 60 HZ
Consult the genset builder. The genset builder should
address the genset design to reduce the vibration levels
as much as possible.
Where requested, or deemed necessary, Newage will work
with the genset builder in an attempt to find a satisfactory
solution.
DEFINITION of BS5000 - 3
Engine
S p eed
Min -¹
1.
SET
OUTPUT
kVA
VIBRATION
DISPLACEMENT
mm (rms)
VIBRATION
VELOCITY
mm/s (rms)
VIBRATION
ACCELERATION
m/s² (rms)
≤ 10 kVA
-
-
-
For general-purpose applications, providing the vibration levels
do not exceed the levels stated in ISO 8528-9* and BS5000-3*
and the ambient temperature does not exceed 50°C the
following approximations can be applied when planning bearing
replacements.
*(see section on vibration)
> 10 but
≤ 50 Kva
0.64
40
25
Sealed for Life Bearings. - Approximately 30,000 hours.
> 50 but
≤ 125 kVA
0.4
25
16
Re-greaseable bearings. - Approximately 40,000 hours.
> 125 but
≤ 250 kVA
0.4
25
16
(Provided the correct maintenance is carried out, and only
Kluber Asonic GHY 72 grease is used in all bearings.)
> 250 kVA
0.32
20
13
≥ 250 but
≤ 1250
0.32
20
13
> 1250
0.29
18
11
It is important to note that bearings in service, under good
operating conditions, can continue to run beyond the
recommended replacement period. It should also be
remembered that the risk of bearing failure increases with time.
The 'Broad band' is taken as 2 Hz - 300 Hz .
Table 6
If in doubt about any aspect of the ‘bearing life’ on generators
supplied by Newage International, contact your nearest Newage
subsidiary or contact the Stamford factory direct.
See the back cover for addresses.
20
7.3 AIR FILTERS
7.4.1 SX440 AVR - FAULT FINDING
Air filters for the removal of airbourne particulate matter (dust)
are offered as an addition to the standard build option. Filters
on Frame 6 and 7 need to be ordered with the generator but
Frame 4 and 5 can have air filters fitted after the generator is
built.
No voltage
build-up when
starting set
1.
2.
3.
4.
Air filters need to be changed with oil before the gen set is put
to work (see 7.3.1).
The frequency of filter maintenance will depend upon the
severity of the site conditions. Regular inspection of the
elements will be required to establish when cleaning is
necessary.
Danger !
Removal of filter elements enables access
to LIVE parts.
Only remove elements with the generator
out of service.
7.3.1 CLEANING PROCEDURE
Remove the filter elements from the filter frames. Immerse or
flush the element with a suitable degreasing agent until the
element is clean.
Unstable voltage 1.
either on no-load 2.
or with load
Check speed stability.
Check stability setting. Refer to
subsection 4.6.
High voltage
1.
either on no-load 2.
or with load
Check speed.
Check that generator load is not
capacitive (leading power factor).
Low voltage
no-load
1.
2.
Check speed.
Check link 1-2 or external hand
trimmer leads for continuity.
Low voltage
on-load
1.
2.
Check speed.
Check UFRO setting. Refer to
subsection 4.7.1.1.
Follow separate excitation procedure
to check generator and AVR. Refer
to subsection 7.5.
3.
As an alternative procedure a high pressure water hose with a
flat nozzle can be used. Sweep the water spray back and forth
across the element from the clean side (fine mesh side of
element) holding the nozzle firmly against the element surface.
Cold water may be adequate depending upon type of
contamination although hot water is preferable.
Table 7
7.4.2 SX421 AVR - FAULT FINDING
No voltage
build-up when
starting set
The element can be inspected for cleanliness by looking
through the filter towards the light.
When thoroughly clean, no cloudy areas will be seen. Dry
elements thoroughly before attempting to carry out the
recharging procedure.
Charging is best done by totally immersing the dry element into
a dip tank containing "Filterkote Type K" or commercial lubricating
oil SAE 20/50. Oils of higher or lower viscosity are not
recommended.
Allow elements to completely drain before refitting the elements
into the frames and putting into service.
2.
3.
1.
2.
Check speed stability.
Check stability setting. Refer to
subsection 4.6.
High voltage
either on no-load
or with load
1.
2.
Check speed.
Check link 1-2 or external hand
trimmer leads for continuity. Check
continuity of leads 7-8 and P3-P2 for
continuity.
Check that generator load is not
capacitive (leading power factor).
3.
Impor tant ! Before commencing any fault finding
procedures examine all wiring for broken
or loose connections.
Four types of excitation control system, involving four types of
AVR, can be fitted to the range of generators covered by this
manual. The systems can be identified by a combination of
AVR type, where applicable, and the last digit of the generator
frame size designation. Refer to the generator nameplate then
proceed to the appropriate subsection as indicated below:-
Low voltage
no-load
1.
2.
Check speed.
Check link 1-2 or external hand
trimmer leads for continuity.
Low voltage
on-load
1.
2.
Check speed.
Check UFRO setting. Refer to
subsection 4.7.1.1.
Follow separate excitation procedure
to check generator and AVR.
Refer to subsection 7.5.
3.
SUBSECTION
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
Check circuit breaker ON. Refer to
subsection 6.4.1.
Check speed.
Check residual voltage. Refer to
subsection 7.4.5.
Follow separate excitation test
procedure to check generator and
AVR. Refer to subsection 7.5.
Unstable voltage
either on no-load
or with load
7.4 FAULT FINDING
EXCITATION CONTROL
SX440 AVR
SX421 AVR
MX341 AVR
MX321 AVR
1.
4.
7.3.2 RECHARGING (CHARGING)
DIGIT
4
4
3
3
Check link K1-K2.
Check speed.
Check residual voltage. Refer to
subsection 7.4.5.
Follow separate excitation test
procedure to check generator and
AVR. Refer to subsection 7.5.
Excessive
voltage/speed
dip on load
switching
1.
2.
Check governor response.
Refer to generating set manual.
Check 'DIP' setting.
Refer to subsection 4.7.1.4.
Table 8
21
7.4.3 MX341 AVR - FAULT FINDING
No voltage
build-up when
starting set
1.
2.
Loss of voltage 1.
when set running
7.4.5 RESIDUAL VOLTAGE CHECK
Check link K1-K2 on auxiliary
terminals.
Follow Separate Excitation Test
Procedure to check machine and
AVR. Refer to subsection 7.5.
This procedure is applicable to generators with either SX460
or SX440 or SX421 AVR.
First stop and re-start set.
If no voltage or voltage collapses
after short time, follow Separate
Excitation Test Procedure. Refer to
subsection 7.5.
Start the set and measure voltage across AVR terminals P2P3 on SX440 or SX421 AVR.
Generator
voltage high
followed by
collapse
1.
2.
Check sensing leads to AVR.
Refer to Separate Excitation Test
Procedure. Refer to subsection 7.5.
Voltage unstable,
either on no-load
or with load
1.
2.
Check speed stability.
Check "STAB" setting. Refer to Load
Testing section for procedure. Refer
to subsection 4.6.
Low voltage
on-load
1.
2.
Check speed.
If correct check "UFRO" setting.
Refer to subsection 4.7.1.1.
Excessive
voltage/speed
dip on load
switching
1.
Check governor response. Refer to
generating set manual. Check "DIP"
setting. Refer to subsection 4.7.1.4.
Sluggish
recovery on load
switching
1.
Check governor response. Refer to
generating set manual.
With the generator set stationary remove AVR access cover
and disconnect leads X and XX from the AVR.
Stop the set, and replace leads X and XX on the AVR terminals.If
the measured voltage was above 5V the generator should
operate normally.
If the measured voltage was under 5V follow the procedure
below.
7.4.6 'REFLASHING' TO RESTORE RESIDUAL
Using a 12 volt dc battery as a supply clip leads from battery
negative to AVR terminal XX, and from battery positive through a
diode to AVR terminal X. See Fig. 7.
Impor tant ! A diode must be used as shown below to
ensure the AVR is not damaged.
Table 9
7.4.4 MX321 AVR - FAULT FINDING
No voltage
build-up when
starting set
1.
Voltage very slow 1.
to build up
Check link K1-K2 on auxiliary
terminals. Follow Separate
Excitation Test Procedure to check
machine and AVR. Refer to
subsection 7.5.
Check setting of ramp
potentiometer. Refer to 4.7.1.5
1.
First stop and re-start set. If no
voltage or voltage collapses after
short time, follow Separate
Excitation Test Procedure. Refer to
subsection 7.5.
Generator voltage 1.
high followed by 2.
collapse
Check sensing leads to AVR.
Refer to Separate Excitation Test
Procedure. Refer to subsection 7.5.
Voltage unstable, 1.
either on no-load 2.
or with load
Check speed stability.
Check "STAB" setting. Refer to
Load Testing section for procedure.
Refer to subsection 4.6.
Loss of voltage
when set running
Low voltage
on-load
1.
2.
Impor tant ! If the generating set battery is used for
field flashing, the generator main stator
neutral must be disconnected from earth.
Restart the set and note output voltage from main stator, which
should be approximately nominal voltage, or voltage at AVR
terminals P2-P3 on SX440 or SX421 which should be between
170 and 250 volts.
Stop the set and unclip battery supply from terminals X and XX.
Restart the set. The generator should now operate normally. If
no voltage build-up is obtained it can be assumed a fault exists
in either the generator or the AVR circuits. Follow the SEPARATE
EXCITATION TEST PROCEDURE to check generator windings,
rotating diodes and AVR. Refer to subsection 7.5.
Check speed.
If correct check "UFRO" setting.
Refer to subsection 4.7.1.1.
Excessive
voltage/speed dip 1.
on load switching
Check governor response. Refer to
generating set manual. Check "DIP"
setting. Refer to subsection 4.7.1.4.
Sluggish
recovery on load
switching
Check governor response. Refer to
generating set manual. Check
"DWELL" setting. Refer to Load
Testing section 4.7.1.4.
1.
Fig. 7
Table 10
22
7.5 SEPARATE EXCITATION TEST PROCEDURE
If voltages are unbalanced, refer to 7.5.1.2.
The generator windings, diode assembly and AVR can be
checked using the appropriate following section.
7.5.1.1 BALANCED MAIN TERMINAL VOLTAGES
If all voltages are balanced within 1% at the main terminals, it
can be assumed that all exciter windings, main windings and
main rotating diodes are in good order, and the fault is in the
AVR or transformer control. Refer to subsection 7.5.2 for test
procedure.
If voltages are balanced but low, there is a fault in the main
excitation windings or rotating diode assembly. Proceed as
follows to identify:-
7.5.1 GENERATOR WINDINGS, ROTATING DIODES and
PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR (PMG)
7.5.2 EXCITATION CONTROL TEST.
7.5.1 GENERATOR WINDINGS, ROTATING DIODES
and PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR (PMG)
Impor tant !
Impor tant !
The resistances quoted apply to a
standard winding. For generators having
windings or voltages other than those
specified refer to factory for details.
Ensure all disconnected leads are isolated
and free from earth.
Rectifier Diodes
The diodes on the main rectifier assembly can be checked with
a multimeter. The flexible leads connected to each diode should
be disconnected at the terminal end, and the forward and
reverse resistance checked. A healthy diode will indicate a very
high resistance (infinity) in the reverse direction, and a low
resistance in the forward direction. A faulty diode will give a full
deflection reading in both directions with the test meter on the
10,000 ohms scale, or an infinity reading in both directions.
On an electronic digital meter a healthy diode will give a low
reading in one direction, and a high reading in the other.
Incorrect speed setting will give
proportional error in voltage output.
CHECKING PMG
Start the set and run at rated speed.
Replacement of Faulty Diodes
Measure the voltages at the AVR terminals P2, P3 and P4. These
should be balanced and within the following ranges:-
The rectifier assembly is split into two plates, the positive and
negative, and the main rotor is connected across these plates.
Each plate carries 3 diodes, the negative plate carrying negative
biased diodes and the positive plate carrying positive biased
diodes. Care must be taken to ensure that the correct polarity
diodes are fitted to each respective plate. When fitting the diodes
to the plates they must be tight enough to ensure a good
mechanical and electrical contact, but should not be
overtightened. The recommended torque tightening is 4.06 4.74Nm (36-42lb in).
50Hz generators - 170-180 volts
60Hz generators - 200-216 volts
Should the voltages be unbalanced stop the set, remove the
PMG sheet metal cover from the non drive endbracket and
disconnect the multipin plug in the PMG output leads. Check
leads P2, P3, P4 for continuity. Check the PMG stator
resistances between output leads. These should be
balanced and within
+/-10% of 2.3 ohms. If resistances are unbalanced and/or
incorrect the PMG stator must be replaced. If the voltages are
balanced but low and the PMG stator winding resistances are
correct - the PMG rotor must be replaced.
Surge Suppressor
The surge suppressor is a metal-oxide varistor connected
across the two rectifier plates to prevent high transient reverse
voltages in the field winding from damaging the diodes. This
device is not polarised and will show a virtually infinite reading
in both directions with an ordinary resistance meter. If defective
this will be visible by inspection, since it will normally fail to
short circuit and show signs of disintegration. Replace if faulty.
CHECKING GENERATOR WINDINGS AND ROTATING
DIODES
This procedure is carried out with leads X and XX disconnected
at the AVR or transformer control rectifier bridge and using a 12
volt d.c. supply to leads X and XX.
Main Excitation Windings
Start the set and run at rated speed.
If after establishing and correcting any fault on the rectifier
assembly the output is still low when separately excited, then
the main rotor, exciter stator and exciter rotor winding
resistances should be checked (see Resistance Charts), as
the fault must be in one of these windings. The exciter stator
resistance is measured across leads X and XX. The exciter
rotor is connected to six studs which also carry the diode lead
terminals. The main rotor winding is connected across the two
rectifier plates. The respective leads must be disconnected
before taking the readings.
Measure the voltages at the main output terminals U, V and W.
If voltages are balanced and within +/-10% of the generator
nominal voltage, refer to 7.5.1.1.
Check voltages at AVR terminals 6, 7 and 8. These should be
balanced and between 170-250 volts.
If voltages at main terminals are balanced but voltage at 6, 7
and 8 are unbalanced, check continuity of leads 6, 7 and 8.
Where an isolating transformer is fitted (MX321 AVR) check
transformer windings. If faulty the transformer unit must be
replaced.
23
Measure each section resistance - values should be balanced
and within +/-10% of the value given below:-
Resistance values should be within +/-10% of the values given
in the tables below:4 POLE GENERATORS
MAIN STATOR SECTION RESISTANCES
FRAME
SIZE
MAIN ROTOR
EXCITER
STATOR
EXCITER
ROTOR
4 - 4C
0.91
18
0.136
4 - 4D
1.04
18
0.136
4 - 4E
1.17
18
0.136
4 - 4F
1.35
18
0.136
5 - 4C
1.55
17
0.184
5 - 4D
1.77
17
0.184
5 - 4E
1.96
17
0.184
5 - 4F
2.16
17
0.184
4 POLE GENERATORS
SECTION RESISTANCES
FRAME
SIZE
WINDING
311
1-2 OR 5-6
WINDING
12
1-2
WINDING
17
1-2 OR 5-6
WINDING
07
1-2
4 - 4C
0.0085
N/A
0.0115
N/A
4 - 4D
0.006
N/A
0.01
N/A
4 - 4E
0.0045
N/A
0.0075
N/A
4 - 4F
0.0037
N\A
0.0055
N/A
5 - 4C
0.0032
N/A
0.0053
N/A
5 - 4D
0.0024
N/A
0.004
N/A
5 - 4E
0.0022
N/A
0.0034
N/A
5 - 4F
0.0019
N/A
0.0025
N/A
6 - 4G
1.75
17
0.158
6 - 4H
1.88
17
0.158
6 - 4J
2.09
17
0.158
6 - 4G
0.0017
0.0034
N/A
0.0055
6 - 4K
2.36
17
0.158
6 - 4H
0.0013
0.0025
N/A
0.0036
6 - 4J
0.0011
0.0022
N/A
0.003
6 - 4K
0.0085
0.0017
N/A
0.0026
7 - 4E
N/A
0.0016
N/A
0.0026
7 - 4F
N/A
0.0013
N/A
0.002
7 - 4G
N/A
0.0009
N/A
0.0015
7 - 4H
N/A
0.0008
N/A
0.0011
7 - 4E
1.27
17
0.096
7 - 4F
1.41
17
0.096
7 - 4G
1.65
17
0.096
7 - 4H
1.77
17
0.096
Table 11
6 POLE GENERATORS
FRAME
SIZE
MAIN ROTOR
EXCITER
STATOR
Table 13
EXCITER
ROTOR
6 POLE GEN ER ATOR S
SEC TION R ESISTAN C ES
6 - 6G
1.12
17
0.2
6 - 6H
1.33
17
0.2
6 - 6J
1.5
17
0.2
6 - 6K
1.75
17
0.2
7 - 6E
2.33
17
0.2
7 - 6F
2.83
17
0.2
7 - 6G
3.25
20
0.28
Table 12
7.5.1.2 UNBALANCED MAIN TERMINAL VOLTAGES
WIN D IN G
311
1-2 OR 5-6
WIN D IN G
12
1-2
WIN D IN G
17
WIN D IN G
07
1-2
6 - 6G
0.0045
0.009
N/A
0.015
6 - 6H
0.0032
0.0063
N/A
0.01
6 - 6J
N/A
0.0049
N/A
0.007
6 - 6K
0.002
0.0039
N/A
0.006
7 - 6E
N/A
0.0027
N/A
0.0042
7 - 6F
N/A
0.0018
N/A
0.0032
7 - 6G
N/A
0.0014
N/A
0.002
Table 14
If voltages are unbalanced, this indicates a fault on the main
stator winding or main cables to the circuit breaker. NOTE: Faults
on the stator winding or cables may also cause noticeable
load increase on the engine when excitation is applied.
Disconnect the main cables and separate the winding leads
U1-U2, (U5-U6), V1-V2, (V5-V6), W1-W2, (W5-W6) to isolate
each winding section.
Note:- leads suffixed 5 and 6 apply to 12 wire windings only.
FR AME
SIZE
Measure insulation resistance between sections and each
section to earth.
Unbalanced or incorrect winding resistances and/or low
insulation resistances to earth indicate rewinding of the stator
will be necessary. Refer to removal and replacement of
component assemblies subsection 7.5.3.
24
7.5.2 EXCITATION CONTROL TEST
3.
Remove the 4 screws and clamps retaining the stator
housing (Frames 4, 5 and 6) or the stator pack
(Frame 7).
All types of AVR's can be tested with this procedure:
4.
Tap the stator pack or housing out of its spigot.
1.
Remove exciter field leads X & XX (F1 & F2) from the
AVR terminals X & XX (F1 & F2).
2.
Connect a 60W 240V household lamp to AVR terminals
X & XX (F1 & F2).
NOTE:
As the highly magnetic rotor will attract the stator core, care
must be taken to avoid a contact which may damage the winding.
3.
Set the AVR VOLTS control potentiometer fully clockwise.
4.
Connect a 12V, 1.0A DC supply to the exciter field leads
X & XX (F1 & F2) with X (F1) to the positive.
5.
Start the generating set and run at rated speed.
6.
Check that the generator output voltage is within +/10% of rated voltage.
7.5.2.1 AVR FUNCTION TEST
Voltages at AVR terminals 7-8 on SX460 AVR or P2-P3 on SX440
or SX421 AVR should be between 170 and 250 volts. If the
generator output voltage is correct but the voltage on 7-8 (or P2P3) is low, check auxiliary leads and connections to main
terminals.
Voltages at P2, P3, P4 terminals on MX341 and MX321 should
be as given in 7.5.1.
The lamp connected across X-XX should glow. In the case of
the SX460, SX440 and SX421 AVRs the lamp should glow
continuously. In the case of the MX341 and MX321 AVRs the
lamp should glow for approximately 8 secs. and then turn off.
Failure to turn off indicates faulty protection circuit and the AVR
should be replaced. Turning the "VOLTS" control potentiometer
fully anti-clockwise should turn off the lamp with all AVR types.
Should the lamp fail to light the AVR is faulty and should be
replaced.
Impor tant !
After this test turn VOLTS control
potentiometer fully anti-clockwise.
5.
Remove the exciter rotor securing bolt and stow safely
and firmly pull the complete rotor assembly from
its location.
N.B. Keep the rotor clean and avoid contact with metal dust or
particles - preferably place in plastic bag.
Impor tant !
The rotor assembly must not be
dismantled.
Re-assembly is a reversal of the above procedure having due
regard for the notes below:1.
Ensure rotor magnet assembly is free of metal pieces
or particles.
2.
Care is needed to avoid winding damage when
re-assembling the stator pack, due to strong
magnetic attraction.
7.5.3.3 REMOVAL OF BEARINGS
Impor tant !
Position the main rotor so that a full pole
face of the main rotor core is at the bottom
Remove PMG of the stator bore if fitted.
The generators in this manual will be fitted with one of three
different bearing arrangements. There may be two different
arrangements on a two-bearing generator. (See table 14 & 15)
BEARING OPTIONS FOR DRIVE-END BEARINGS
HC4
HC5
HC6
HC7
Reagreasable bearings
N/A
OPT
OPT
STD
Sealed for life with a
cartridge
STD
STD
STD
N/A
Sealed for life without
cartridge
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.5.3 REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT OF
COMPONENT ASSEMBLIES
METRIC THREADS ARE USED THROUGHOUT
Caution !
When lifting single bearing generators,
care is needed to ensure the generator
frame is kept in the horizontal plane.
The rotor is free to move in the frame and
can slide out if not correctly lifted.
Incorrect lifting can cause serious
injury to personnel.
7.5.3.1 ANTI-CONDENSATION HEATERS
Danger !
The external mains electricity supply
used to power the anti-condensation
heater must be switched off and safely
isolated before attempting any work
adjacent to the heater, or removal of the
non drive end endbracket on which the
anti-con heater is mounted. Ensure that the
engine is inhibited prior to work in generator.
7.5.3.2 REMOVAL OF PERMANENT MAGNET
GENERATOR (PMG)
1.
Remove access cover.
2.
Disconnect P2, P3, P4 at the multiway connector inside
the access cover.
25
Table 15
BEARING OPTIONS FOR NON DRIVE-END BEARINGS
HC4
HC5
HC6
HC7
Reagreasable bearings
N/A
OPT
OPT
STD
Sealed for life with a
cartridge
NA
NA
STD
N/A
Sealed for life without
cartridge
STD
STD
N/A
N/A
Table 16
ASSEMBLY OF REGREASABLE BEARINGS
Removal of the bearings may be effected either after the rotor
assembly has been removed or more simply by removal of
endbracket(s).
NOTE: Gloves must be worn at all times when handling the
bearings, grease and solvent.
Be sure to note the location of all components during removal
to assist during the assembly process.
1.
Wipe clean the assembly surface, using cleaning solvent
on lint free cloth.
2.
Wipe clean: Bearing Cartridge, Wave Washer, Bearing
Cap, grease flinger, all re-lubrication pipes and fittings
(internal and external). Visually inspect all components
after cleaning, for contamination.
Equipment
3.
Suitable cleaning solvent
Bearing puller, two or three leg
Thin protective gloves
Lint free cleaning cloth
Induction heater.
Place all components on the clean assembly surface.
Do not use an air line to blow off excess fluid.
4.
Thoroughly clean the external surface of the grease gun
nozzle using lint free cloth.
BEARING REPLACEMENT
Environment
Every effort must be made to establish a clean area around the
generator when removing and replacing bearings.
Contamination is a major cause of bearing failures.
Bearing preparation
Preparation
Remove PMG if fitted
Remove the lubrication pipework if fitted
Position the rotor so that the full pole face of the main rotor is at
the bottom of the stator bore.
Remove the end bracket, see 7.5.3.4 for procedure.
1.
Remove the bearing from its packaging.
2.
Wipe off the preservative oil from the surface of the inner
and outer rings - using lint free cloth only.
NOTES:
3.
Place the bearing on the clean assembly surface, with
the bearing designation marking facing down.
l
It is not necessary to remove the rotor.
l
Ensure that the bearing contact surfaces shows no sign
of wear or corrosion prior to fitting the bearing.
l
Never refit used bearings, wave washers or 'O'rings.
l
Never refit used bearings, grease flingers, wave washer
or 'O' rings.
1.
Apply the specified cartridge grease fill quantity to the
back face of the bearing housing.
l
Only the outer race should be used to transmit load
during assembly (NEVER use the inner race).
2.
Apply a small amount of grease to the grooved sealing
surface in the cartridge.
3.
Apply anti-fretting lubricant (MP14002 - Klüber Altemp Q
NB 50) to the bearing housing circumference. Apply paste
in a thin coherent layer by use of a lint free cloth (DO NOT
rub in) (use clean protective gloves).
4.
Non-drive end - fit new ‘O‘ Rings into the ‘O‘ Ring grooves
in the bearing housing circumference.
Bearing Assembly ( Lubrication, see TABLE 17)
Cartridge:
REMOVAL OF REGREASABLE BEARINGS
The bearings are a press fit on the shaft and can be removed
with standard tooling, i.e. 2 or 3 legged manual or hydraulic
bearing pullers.
To remove bearings proceed as follows:
1.
Remove 4 screws holding bearing cap.
2.
Remove cap.
3.
Non drive end - remove wave washer and circlip
(single bearing only).
4.
Remove bearing cartridge housing complete with
bearing (and grease flinger if fitted).
5.
Remove bearing from cartridge.
6.
Discard the old bearing 'O' rings and wave washer
where fitted.
Bearing:
The bearing cap(s) and cartridge(s) must be thoroughly flushed
out with clean solvent and checked for wear or damage, before
re-assembly. Damaged components should be replaced
before refitting the bearing.
1.
Apply half the specified bearing grease fill quantity (see
table 16) to the upper face of the bearing (opposite side
to the bearing designation markings).
2.
Thumb the applied grease into the bearing, ensuring
good penetration into the raceways/balls (use clean
protective gloves).
Assemble Bearing into Cartridge
26
1.
Heat the bearing cartridge to 25° C above ambient with
an induction heater ( Do not exceed 100°C).
2.
With greased face of the bearing facing the cartridge bore,
assemble the bearing into the bearing housing. Ensure
the bearing outer race contacts the location shoulder.
Assemble Bearing onto Shaft
REMOVAL OF GREASED FOR LIFE BEARINGS WITH
BEARING CARTRIDGE
Bearing Cartridge
1.
Heat the Bearing and Cartridge assembly to 80ºC
above ambient with an induction heater.
( use induction heater, no other heat source is suitable)
2.
Slide the Bearing and Cartridge assembly over the shaft,
pushing it firmly against the bearing seating shoulder.
3.
Rotate the assembly (including inner race) 45º in either
direction, to provide correct alignment. The bearing must
be held firmly in place until it is cool enough to positively
self locate.
The bearings are a press fit on the shaft and can be removed
with standard tooling, i.e. 2 or 3 legged manual or hydraulic
bearing pullers.
To remove bearings proceed as follows:
1.
Remove 4 screws holding bearing cap.
2.
Remove cap.
3.
Non drive end - remove wave washer and
circlip (single bearing only).
Cap/Flinger:
4.
Remove bearing cartridge housing complete with bearing.
Apply the specified cap grease fill quantity to the inside face of
the cap (see table 16).
5.
Remove bearing from cartridge.
6.
Discard the old bearing, ‘o’ rings and wave washer where
fitted.
NOTE: Ensure cartridge is at ambient temp. before assembling
bracket.
1.
Fill the grease exhaust slot with grease.
2.
Apply a small amount of grease to the grooved sealing
surface in the cap.
3.
Fit circlip.
(single bearing only).
4.
Heat flinger to 120°C and place on shaft up to the bearing
inner race. Hold firmly until positively located.
ASSEMBLY OF SEALED FOR LIFE BEARINGS WITH
CARTRIDGE
5.
Place wave washer in cap, fit cap to bearing cartridge.
Pre-assembly cleaning.
The bearing cap(s) and cartridge(s) must be thoroughly flushed
out with clean solvent and checked for wear or damage, before
re-assembly. Damaged components should be replaced before
refitting the bearing.
Re-lubrication pipe:
NOTE: Gloves must be worn at all times when handling the
bearings, grease and solvent.
1. Fill pipe and grease nipple with grease.
2. Fit pipe work to machine.
INITIAL LUBRICATION DETAILS,
REGREASEABLE BEARINGS
1.
Wipe clean the assembly surface, using cleaning solvent
on lint free cloth.
2.
Wipe clean: Bearing Cartridge and Bearing Cap (internal
and external). Visually inspect all components after
cleaning, for contamination.
3.
Place all components on a clean assembly surface. Do
not use an air line to blow off excess fluid.
4.
Thoroughly clean the external surface of the grease gun
nozzle using lint free cloth.
GREASE QUANTITY
FRAME
BEARING
POSITION
BEARINGS
CARTRIDGE
CAP
CM³
GRAMS
CM³
GRAMS
CM³
GRAMS
5
Non-Drive
End
65
58
33
29
33
29
5
Drive End
92
82
46
41
46
41
6
Non-Drive
End
121
111
63
56
63
56
Bearing preparation:
6
Drive End
156
139
78
69
78
69
1.
Remove the bearing from its packaging.
7
Non-Drive
End
174
154
87
77
87
77
2.
7
Drive End
208
185
104
92
104
92
Wipe off the preservative oil from the surface of the inner
and outer rings - using lint free cloth only.
3.
Place the bearing on the clean assembly surface, with
the bearing designation marking facing down.
Lubricant: Kluber Asonic GHY 72
Table 17
27
Bearing Assembly
Preparation
Cartridge:
1.
Remove terminal box lid.
1.
Apply anti-fretting lubricant (MP14002 - Klüber Altemp
Q NB 50) to the bearing housing circumference. Apply
paste in a thin coherent layer by use of a lint free cloth (DO
NOT rub in) (use clean protective gloves).
2.
Cut cable ties and disconnect exciter leads.
3.
Remove bolts from NDE terminal panel and place panel
over terminal board with AVR still connected.
Fit ‘O‘ Rings into the ‘O‘ Ring grooves in the bearing
housing circumference.
4.
Remove Permanent Magnet Generator (if fitted)
see 7.5.3.2.
5.
Remove the rotor retaining circlip (Non drive end - single
bearing only) and slack off remaining NDE bracket bolts.
6.
Fit 2 off M10x60mm bolts into jacking locations on centre
line and replace 2 bolts into end bracket for support as
end bracket is removed (be aware of exciter lead and
PMG lead, if fitted).
With greased face of the bearing facing the cartridge bore,
assemble the bearing into the bearing housing. Ensure
the bearing outer race contacts the location shoulder.
7.
If alternator not connected to engine be aware of rotor
pulling through stator, to avoid this, place wooden spacer
between fan and frame each side at drive end.
NOTE: Only the outer race should be used to transmit load during
assembly (NEVER use the inner race).
8.
Use available lifting equipment to remove the bracket.
9.
Remove bearing circlip (Non drive end - single bearing
only).
2.
Assemble Bearing into Cartridge
1.
2.
Heat the bearing cartridge to 25° C above the ambient
temperature (with an induction heater, do not exceed
100°C) and assemble the new bearing into the cartridge.
Ensure that the bearing designation is visible after
assembly.
Assemble Bearing and Cartridge onto the Shaft
1.
2.
3.
BEARING REMOVAL
Heat the Bearing and Cartridge assembly to 80ºC above
ambient.
( use induction heater, no other heat source is suitable)
1.
Fit pulley drawers and draw off bearing, ensuring to protect
the threaded hole in the end of the main shaft.
Slide the Bearing and Cartridge assembly over the shaft,
pushing it firmly against the bearing seating shoulder.
2.
Rotate the assembly (including inner race) 45º in either
direction, to provide correct alignment. The bearing must
be held firmly in place until it is cool enough to positively
self locate.
Heat the Bearing to 80ºC above ambient with an induction
heater and fit to shaft. ( use induction heater, no other heat
source is suitable do not exceed 100°C) (ensure shaft
and bearing are clean prior to assembly)
3.
Replace the bearing circlip (single bearing only).
4.
Non drive end only - fit circlip (single bearing only)
and wave washer.
5.
Fit the bearing cap.
6.
Rotate the bearing assembly on the shaft to check for free
movement.
Replace the Endbracket
1.
Remove jacking bolts from end bracket and lift end bracket
into position and fit bracket onto bearing (heat bracket if
required). Ensure exciter and PMG leads are pulled
through and positioned.
2.
Lift rotor to align exciter (use piece of wood as lever under
shaft through NDE aperture) fit bolts and secure evenly
around end bracket to ensure it is correctly aligned.
3.
Replace rotor retaining circlip and permanent magnet
assembly if fitted, and replace cover.
SEALED FOR LIFE BEARINGS (WITHOUT
CARTRIDGE)
4.
Connect exciter and re-tie all cables into position and reassemble terminal box.
NOTE: Prior to commencement of removal of end bracket
ensure rotor is positioned with full pole face at the bottom of
the stator bore.
NOTE: Prior to re-fitting end bracket check exciter electrically
and physically to ensure no damaged caused when
dismantling.
Note: Ensure cartridge is at ambient temp. before assembling
bracket.
7.
Refit the end bracket and PMG where fitted.
28
7.5.3.4 MAIN ROTOR ASSEMBLY
MINIMUM ROTOR ASSEMBLY WEIGHTS
SINGLE BEARING MACHINE
FRAME
WEIGHT
NOTE: On single bearing machines, before removal from, or
re-assembly to the prime mover, position the rotor, if possible,
such that a full pole face is at bottom dead centre.
4 - 4 pole
5 - 4 pole
6 - 4 pole
6 - 6 pole
7 - 4 pole
7 - 6 pole
473 kgs
685 kgs
1093 kgs
1050 kgs
1592 kgs
1790 kgs
1.
Remove all access covers and terminal box lid.
2.
Disconnect exciter leads X and XX and PMG leads
P2-P3-P4 at the auxiliary terminals inside the
terminal box.
3.
Ensure that these leads are free to come away with the
non drive endbracket when removed.
4.
Remove the 8 bolts holding the drive end adaptor to
the frame.
Before assembly of a single bearing rotor into stator housing
check that the drive discs are not damaged or cracked or
showing any other signs of fatigue. Also check that holes in the
discs for drive fixing screws are not elongated.
5.
With a rope sling around drive end adaptor, tap adaptor
out of its spigot location; guide over fan and remove.
Damaged components must be replaced.
6.
If the generator is fitted with a cartridge. Remove the 4
bolts retaining the non drive end bearing cartridge in
the non drive end endbracket (outer 4 bolts).
(This includes all regreasable options).
When refitting discs ensure that the number and thickness of
discs, and the tightening torque of hub bolts is in accordance
with the table below.
7.
Remove the 8 bolts securing the non drive end bracket
to the frame.
Refer to engine manual for torque setting of disc to flywheel
bolts.
8.
Supporting the non drive end bracket with a hoist, insert
two M10 bolts in the two holes provided for 'jacking'
purposes (on the end bracket horizontal centre line).
Screw in the bolts until the end bracket spigot is clear
of the locating recess, lower the whole assembly until
the main rotor is resting in the stator bore.
Still supporting the non drive end bracket, tap the
bracket off the non drive end bearing cartridge (taking
care that the exciter stator does not foul exciter rotor
windings) and remove.
9.
10.
Re-assembly is a reversal of the above procedure.
NO. OF
DISCS
4
4
1.2
4.8
5
4
1.2
4.8
6
6
1.2
7.2
7
6
1.2
7.2
To withdraw the rotor from the stator the rotor must be
supported by a rope at the drive end and eased out of
the stator core until half the main rotor is protruding out
of the stator. At this point it is safe to release the weight
from the rope sling.
4 8 kg m
479Nm
4 8 kg m
479Nm
8 4 kg m
822Nm
8 4 kg m
822Nm
Table 18
Tightly bind a rope sling around the rotor core,
and supporting the non drive end of the rotor, guide it
clear of the stator.
Warning !
SINGLE
TOTAL
TIGHTENING
DISC
THICKNESS
TORQUE
THICKNESS
FRAME
TWO BEARING MACHINES
NOTE:
Position rotor, if possible, such that a full pole face is at bottom
dead centre.
The rope sling may not be at the centre
of gravity of the rotor and guidance at
the ends of the rotor is essential.
THE FULL WEIGHT OF THE ROTOR
GIVEN IN THE TABLE BELOW MUST
BE SUPPORTED BY THE CRANE
AND SLING. If the rotor core is allowed
to drop more than a few millimetres
at this point, it will make contact with
the stator windings and may damage
them.
The procedure for removal of a two bearing rotor is similar to
that outlined for single bearing machines with the exception of
Steps 4 and 5 relating to the drive end adaptor.
For removal of this item proceed as follows:1.
Remove the 8 bolts holding drive end adaptor to frame
and 4 bolts retaining bearing cartridge in drive
end bracket (outer 4 bolts), if fitted.
2.
With rope sling around the shaft extension,
supporting the rotor weight tap the drive end bracket
spigot out of its locating recess and lower rotor
assembly to rest in the stator bore.
3.
Take the weight of the drive end bracket on the sling
and tap the bracket off the drive end bearing cartridge,
guide over the fan and remove.
Re-assembly is a reversal of the above procedure.
29
7.6 RETURNING TO SERVICE
After rectification of any faults found, remove all test connections
and reconnect all control system leads.
Restart the set and adjust VOLTS control potentiometer on AVR
by slowly turning clockwise until rated voltage is obtained.
Refit all terminal box covers/access covers and reconnect
heater supply.
Caution !
Failure to refit all guards, access covers
and terminal box covers can result in
personal injury or death.
7.7 MAINTENANCE
Re-lubrication
1.
Ensure grease gun nozzle and re-lubrication nipple are
free from contaminants or abrasive material.
2.
Apply the specified re-lubrication grease fill quantity (see
table below) via the grease nipple.
3.
Run the machine for 10 minutes to allow excess grease
to exhaust.
Check inside the non-drive end PMG cover for expelled grease.
Clean out as necessary.
RELUBRICATION DETAILS FOR REGREASABLE BEARINGS
HC/HCK
BEARING
POSITION
GREASE QUANTITY
CM3
GRAMS
RELUBRICATION
PERIOD
5
Non-Drive End
33
29
4,500 Hrs
5
Drive End
46
41
4,500 Hrs
6
Non-Drive End
60
53
4,500 Hrs
6
Drive End
75
66
4,500 Hrs
7
Non-Drive End
85
75
4,500 Hrs
7
Drive End
100
89
4,500 Hrs
Table 19
30
SECTION 8
SPARES AND AFTER SALES SERVICE
8.1 RECOMMENDED SPARES
Orders and enquiries for parts should be addressed to:
Service parts are conveniently packaged for easy identification.
Genuine parts may be recognised by the Nupart name.
Newage International Ltd.,
Nupart Department,
P O Box 17, Barnack Road,
Stamford,
Lincolnshire
PE9 2NB
England.
We recommend the following for Service and Maintenance. In
critical applications a set of these service spares should be held
with the generator.
1.
Diode Set (6 diodes with Surge Suppressors)
HC4/5
RSK5001
HC6/7
RSK6001
2.
SX440 AVR
SX421 AVR
MX321 AVR
MX341 AVR
Telephone: 44 (0) 1780 484000
Fax: 44 (0) 1780 766074
Website: www.newagestamford.com
E000-24030
E000-24210
E000-23212
E000-23412
or any of our subsidiary companies listed on the back cover.
8.2 AFTER SALES SERVICE
3.
Bearings
A full technical advice and on-site service facility is available
from our Service Department at Stamford or through our
subsidiary companies. A repair facility is also available at our
Stamford Works.
PART NUMBERS NON DRIVE-END BEARINGS
Reagreasable
bearings
Sealed for life
with a cartridge
Sealed for life
without cartridge
HC4
HC5
HC6
HC7
N/A
OPT
051-01068
OPT
051-01065
STD
051-01063
N/A
OPT
051-01068
STD
051-01070
N/A
STD
051-01072
STD
051-01072
N/A
N/A
Table 20
PART NUMBERS FOR DRIVE-END BEARINGS
Reagreasable
bearings
Sealed for life
with a cartridge
Sealed for life
without cartridge
HC4
HC5
HC6
HC7
N/A
OPT
051-01067
OPT
051-01064
STD
051-01062
STD
051-01070
STD
051-01071
STD
051-01069
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Table 21
When ordering parts the machine serial number or machine
identity number and type should be quoted, together with the
part description. For location of these numbers see paragraph
1.3.
31
32
A.C. GENERATOR WARRANTY
WARRANTY PERIOD
A.C. Generators
In respect of a.c. generators the Warranty Period is eighteen months from the date when the
goods have been notified as ready for despatch by N.I. or twelve months from the date of first
commissioning (whichever is the shorter period).
DEFECTS AFTER DELIVERY
We will make good by repair or, at our option, by the supply of a replacement, any fault which
under proper use appears in the goods within the period specified above, and is found on
examination by us to be solely due to defective material and workmanship; provided that the
defective part is promptly returned, carriage paid, with all identification numbers and marks
intact, to our works or, if appropriate to the Dealer who supplied the goods.
Any part repaired or replaced, under warranty, will be returned by N.I. free of charge (via sea
freight if outside the UK).
We shall not be liable for any expenses which may be incurred in removing or replacing any part
sent to us for inspection or in fitting any replacement supplied by us. We shall be under no
liability for defects in any goods which have not been properly installed in accordance with N.I.
recommended installation practices as detailed in the publications 'N.I. Installation, Service and
Maintenance Manual' and 'N.I. Application Guidelines', or which have been improperly stored or
which have been repaired, adjusted or altered by any person except ourselves or our authorised
agents, or in any second-hand goods, proprietary articles or goods not of our own manufacture
although supplied by us, such articles and goods being covered by the warranty (if any) given
by the separate manufacturers.
Any claim under this clause must contain fully particulars of the alleged defect, the description of
the goods, the date of purchase, and the name and address of the Vendor, the Serial Number
(as shown on the manufacturers identification plate) or for Spares the order reference under
which the goods were supplied.
Our judgement in all cases of claims shall be final and conclusive and the claimant shall accept
our decision on all questions as to defects and the exchange of a part or parts.
Our liability shall be fully discharged by either repair or replacement as above, and in any event
shall not exceed the current list price of the defective goods.
Our liability under this clause shall be in lieu of any warranty or condition implied by law as to the
quality or fitness for any particular purpose of the goods, and save as expressly provided in this
clause we shall not be under any liability, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, in respect of
defects in goods delivered or for any injury, damages or loss resulting from such defects or from
any work undone in connection therewith.
MACHINE SERIAL NUMBER
NEWAGE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
REGISTERED OFFICE AND ADDRESS:
PO BOX 17
BARNACK ROAD
STAMFORD
LINCOLNSHIRE
PE9 2NB ENGLAND
Telephone: 44 (0) 1780 484000
Fax:
44 (0) 1780 484100
Web site: www.newagestamford.com
SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
7
3
6
9
10
2
4
8
1 AUSTRALIA:
NEWAGE ENGINEERS PTY. LIMITED
PO Box 6027, Baulkham Hills Business Centre,
Baulkham Hills NSW 2153.
Telephone: Sydney (61) 2 9680 2299
Fax: (61) 2 9680 1545
7 NORWAY:
2 CHINA:
WUXI NEWAGE ALTERNATORS LIMITED
Plot 49-A, Xiang Jiang Road
Wuxi High - Technical Industrial Dev. Zone
Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028
PR of China
Tel: (86) 510 5216212
Fax: (86) 510 5217673
8 SINGAPORE:NEWAGE ASIA PACIFIC PTE LIMITED
10 Toh Guan Road #05-03
TT International Tradepark
Singapore 608838
Telephone: Singapore (65) 794 3730
Fax: (65) 898 9065
Telex: RS 33404 NEWAGE
3 GERMANY:
NEWAGE ENGINEERS G.m.b.H.
Rotenbrückenweg 14, D-22113 Hamburg.
Telephone: Hamburg (49) 40 714 8750
Fax: (49) 40 714 87520
9 SPAIN:
4 INDIA:
C.G. NEWAGE ELECTRICAL LIMITED
C33 Midc, Ahmednagar 414111, Maharashtra.
Telephone: (91) 241 778224
Fax: (91) 241 777494
STAMFORD IBERICA S.A.
Ctra. Fuenlabrada-Humanes, km.2
Poligono Industrial "Los Linares"
C/Pico de Almanzor, 2
E-28970 HUMANES DE MADRID (Madrid)
Telephone: Madrid (34) 91 604 8987/8928
Fax: (34) 91 604 81 66
10 U.S.A.:
NEWAGE LIMITED
4700 Main St, N.E.
Fridley
Minnesota 55421
Telephone: (1) 800 367 2764
Fax: (1) 800 863 9243
5 ITALY:
NEWAGE ITALIA S.r.I.
Via Triboniano, 20156 Milan.
Telephone: Milan (39) 02 380 00714
Fax: (39) 02 380 03664
6 JAPAN:
NEWAGE INTERNATIONAL JAPAN
8 - 5 - 302 Kashima
Hachioji-shi
Tokyo, 192-03
Telephone: (81) 426 77 2881
Fax: (81) 426 77 2884
NEWAGE NORGE A/S
Økern Naeringspark, Kabeigt. 5
Postboks 28, Økern, 0508 Oslo
Telephone: Oslo (47) 22 97 44 44
Fax: (47) 22 97 44 45
© 2000 Newage International Limited.
Printed in England.