* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Civil War
Battle of Fort Sumter wikipedia , lookup
Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Big Bethel wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Hampton Roads wikipedia , lookup
Kentucky in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Island Number Ten wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Lexington wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Henry wikipedia , lookup
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Second Battle of Corinth wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Malvern Hill wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Port Royal wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Donelson wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Roanoke Island wikipedia , lookup
Economy of the Confederate States of America wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Fort Fisher wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Antietam wikipedia , lookup
Eastern Theater of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
Maryland Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Cedar Creek wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
The Civil War Chapters 11.1 – 11.3 Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter The Confederate States of America quickly began taking over federal institutions in their states March 4, 1861 – Lincoln is inaugurated March 5. 1861 – Fort Sumter faces trouble Lincoln decided not to fire, but not to give in either April 12, Jefferson Davis chooses war over peaceful secession Virginia Secedes News of Fort Sumter’s fall united the North Lincoln’s call for troops had the opposite effect on the “upper” Southern states In May, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina followed Virginia The western counties of Virginia seceded from the state and re-joined the union Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri were the only slave states to remain in the Union War Lines Americans Expect a Short War Both sides expected a short and “glorious” war The Union had enormous advantages over the South The Confederacy also had some advantages over the North: More fighting power More factories Greater food production More extensive railroad system Lincoln’s leadership “King Cotton” First-rate generals and a strong military tradition Highly motivated soldiers The South’s tradition of limited government hurt its chances War Strategies The Union devised a 3-part plan Blockade southern ports Union riverboats and armies would move down the Mississippi River Union armies would capture the Confederate capital in Richmond, VA Northern newspapers called the strategy the Anaconda plan The Confederacy’s strategy was mostly defensive The Battle of Bull Run July 21 – first major bloodshed occurs at the battle of Bull Run Two groups of inexperienced troops ran crossed paths General Thomas J. Jackson earned the nickname, Stonewall Jackson from this battle Confederate reinforcements arrived and forced the Union soldiers to retreat Union Armies in the West Lincoln now called for 500,000 volunteers and appointed George McClellan to lead the Union army Feb 1862 - Ulysses S. Grant led a Union force into western Tennessee Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson April 6, 1862 – Grant fights the Confederates in the battle of Shiloh Grant re-organized his troops and counter-attacked The Battle of Shiloh taught many important lessons April 29, David G. Farragut captured New Orleans A Revolution in Warfare The use of ironclad ships changed the face of war March 9,1862 the Monitor vs. the Merrimack The inventions of the rifle and the minie’ ball were even deadlier than ironclads Rifles were more accurate than muskets The minie’ ball was a newer, more destructive bullet These new technologies gradually changed military strategy The War for the Capitals McClellan’s cautious nature made the Union’s plan to capture Richmond falter Spring 1862, McClellan finally began moving towards Richmond Robert E. Lee took control of the Confederate forces Lee moved against McClellan in the Seven Days’ Battles Antietam August 29 – Lee wins major victory in the Second Battle of Bull Run A Union corporal discovered Lee’s battle plans in a field they had camped at September 17, the battle of Antietam Clash became the bloodiest single battle in American history Although the battle ended in a draw, McClellan failed to finish them off November 7, 1862 – Lincoln fired McClellan The Politics of War Despite the South’s requests, Great Britain decided to remain neutral 1861, the Confederacy sent James Mason and John Slidell to try again to get British and French aid Union forces (led by Captain Wilkes) stopped the ship and arrested the two men Lincoln released the prisoners and claimed Wilkes acted without orders Proclaiming Emancipation Lincoln didn’t believe the federal government had the power to abolish slavery from where it already existed Lincoln began to see emancipation as a weapon of war Jan. 1, 1863 – Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation The Proclamation had immense symbolic importance Not all Northerners approved of the Proclamation Confederates were outraged by the Proclamation Both Sides Face Political Problems Both sides dealt with difficulties unifying all of their people Lincoln dealt with disloyalty forcefully: Sent troops into MD after Baltimorians attacked a Union troop Suspended Habeas Corpus in many states More than 13,000 suspected Confederate sympathizers in the Union were arrested Seized telegraph offices Many of those arrested were Copperheads Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney declared Lincoln had gone far beyond his constitutional powers Lincoln’s actions set new precedent for presidents during wartime Conscription Both sides eventually moved away from volunteer armies, and towards conscription The Confederates drafted all able-bodied white men between 18 and 35 The Union drafted white men between 20 and 45 1863 – Many in NYC began to protest the draft July 13-16: Anti-draft mobs rampaged through the city African Americans Fight for Freedom The Civil War began as a “white man’s war” 1862, Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the military By war’s end, nearly 10% of the Union forces were African American African American soldiers still suffered from discrimination 1864, Fort Pillow Massacre Many slaves waited anxiously for the coming Union troops The War Affects Regional Economies The Confederacy soon faced a food shortage Food prices skyrocketed The Union blockade caused shortages of other products as well On the other hand, most northern industries boomed Wages did not keep up with prices Northern women experienced many social changes 1863, Congress passed the nation’s first income tax Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides Army camps bred many diseases Both armies received very low food rations The United States Sanitary Commission was set up Clara Barton often cared for the sick on the front lines Prisons, like Andersonville, had worse conditions than even army camps Prisons in the North were only slightly better