Download WWI Test Study Guide - Warren Hills Regional School District

WWI Test Study Guide
The Test will be: Multiple Choice, Matching, Short Answer, and Short Essay. It will be worth 100
pts
Notes Part I. Causes of WWI
4 M.A.I.N Causes of WWI and how they caused WWI
1.Militarism
2.Alliances
3.Imperialism
4.Nationalism
“Powder Keg”
Alliances before the war:
Triple Alliance
1.Germany
2.Austria-Hungary
3.Italy
Triple Entente
1.Great Britain
2.Germany
3.France
“blank check” Offer of support/funds that German leader Kaiser Wilhelm II extended to AustriaHungary after Franz Ferdinand was assassinated
Slavic Countries/Pan-Slavism
Russia,Serbia,Romania,ect.
Pan-Slavism- the principle or advocacy of the union of all Slavs or all Slavic peoples in one
political organization.
Allies
Great Britain, France, Russia,USA,Italy, Romania and others
Central Powers
Germany,Austria-Hungary,Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
People to Know:
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Future leader of Austria-Hungary who was assassinated while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia.
Gavrilo Princip
Assassinated Franz Ferdinand
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Leader of Germany, offers support to ally Austria-Hungary against Serbia, is later overthrown in
favor of a democratic Germany
Francis Joseph
Leader of Austria-Hungary
Czar Nicolas II
Leader of Russia for the duration of Russia’s involvement in WWI. He is overthrown during the
Russian Revolution and killed along with his family.
Notes Part II. Combat
Chemical Warfare
Used first by the Germans, Chemical warfare (a weapon of mass destruction) was used by both
sides in trench warfare during WWI. Chlorine gas was a common gas used and caused burning
in the throat and respiratory failure. One way soldiers prevented death by gas inhalation was by
wearing gas masks.
German U-Boats
Submarines used by Germans during WWI. Germans used U-Boat to sink the Lusitania
“Dogfights”
Fights between airplanes during WWI. Planes were equipped with machine guns and would
shoot back and forth with the enemy.
Artillery
Turned earth into the “face of the moon”, was able to be shot from a farther range on the
battlefield
Machine Guns
Were able to shoot multiple rounds and cause mass death and casualty rates
Trench Warfare
 Trench foot- foot disease caused by damp conditions of the trenches, often led to
amputation
 Barbed wire –used as a last line of defense in front of trenches, would slow enemy
down if they got close to the trench.
 “No Man’s Land “Area in between the enemy trenches. This is often a very dangerous
area because soldiers are in full view of the enemy here
 stalemate –When neither side is making significant battle gains. WWI trench warfare
caused a 4 yearlong stalemate
People to Know:
The Red Baron famous German WWI pilot with over 80 confirmed kills, was eventually killed by
Allied forces
Notes Part III. Allied Victory Against Germany
Schlieffen Plan- German war plan to fight two-front war with France and Russia. Plan had faults
because it assumed Russians would be slow to mobilization and invasion of Belgium to get to
France brought Britain into war.
Two-Front War- A war fought on two borders or “fronts” at the same time, Germany fought
one with France and Russia.
Russian Revolution- Happened in 1917, when Russia overthrows Czar Nicolas II, and installs a
communist government under Vladimir Lenin
Communism- government style adopted by Russia in 1917, after Czar Nicolas II’s absolute
monarchy ends
Lusitania-The ship sunk of the coast of Ireland by German U-Boats, that had Americans on
board. One of the causes for US entering the war.
Zimmerman Note/Telegram- Telegram send to Mexico by German diplomat Arthur
Zimmerman, offering an alliance to Mexico in exchange for engaging in conflict with the US,
another cause of US entrance in the war.
People to Know:
General Schlieffen-Created the Schlieffen Plan
Vladimir Lenin-leader of Communist Russia after the Revolution
Arthur Zimmerman
Notes Part IV. Treaty of Versailles
Terms to Know:
Treaty of Versailles-Agreement outlining the Armistice terms after WWI, was harsh on Germany
and angered other countries as well.
The “Big Three” The US,Great Britain, and French leaders who were the most powerful
negotiators of the Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations created by Woodrow Wilson, was the organization that worked on creating
collective security and defense against aggressive nations to prevent actual conflict
B.R.A.T (Germany’s punishment in the treaty) Should know and be able to explain components
B (Blame) Germany had to accept guilt for war through the “War Guilt Clause” in the treaty
R (Reparations) Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars in reparations to reconstruct Europe after
the war and provide pensions to Allied soldiers and their families
A (Army) Germany had to reduce their army to no more than 100,000 soliders, no submarines
or air force
T (Territory)Germany had to give up territory including Alsace and Lorraine to France, and many
of their imperial holdings
People to Know:
“The Big Three” and their stance on Germany
Woodrow Wilson-US President, did not want to give Germany harsh punishment after war for
fear of revenge later on
David Lloyd George- British Prime Minister, was middle man who agreed with points Wilson and
Clemenceau made about Germany
Georges Clemenceau French leader who wanted most extreme punishment for Germany to
prevent them from invading France ever again
Questions to Consider:
 How did a war between two countries in the Balkans, spiral into a war that involved the
whole world?
Look at Part I of the notes-The Road to WWI

What were France and Germany’s motivations for entering the war (Alliance and
Nationalism related)
France- Rival of Germany who competed with them for Imperial holdings, and harbored
resentment against them after their loss in the Franco-Prussian War. They also wanted the
Alsace-Lorraine regions of Germany that used to belong to them
Germany- Competitive with all of the countries due to their extremely nationalistic views and
goals. They wanted to build up their military,gain territories, and help out Austria-Hungary (a
fellow Germanic country)
 What was Russia’s reason for entering the war?
Wanted to defend Pan-Slavism and defend Slavic country Serbia
 Why did Russia exit the war early?
Lack of resources,food,and supplies and a Revolution going on within their country in 1917
 What were the 3 main reasons why the US entered the war?
1. Sinking of Lusitania
2. Zimmerman Note/Telegram
3. Common Culture/fellow democracy
 Why were the Allied Powers at an advantage after US joins the war?
Yes, US was strong military power bringing in fresh troops
 Why did Germany’s Schlieffen plan fail?
Germany did not anticipate Russia’s quick mobilization and they were forced to fight a twofront war

Choose one of the forms of combat used during the war and explain how it contributed
to wins/loses/or stalemates
Refer to combat notes packet

What was the significance of the Christmas Truce of 1914 (As evidenced in the video we
watched?)
Humanity- war was devastating for both sides of the conflict and loss was experienced by all of
humanity. The soldiers coming together and celebrating Christmas revealed that they were all
humans and not just numbers on the battle field.

How did the conditions set in the Treaty of Versailles for the Central powers,set up the
conditions present before WWII?
See the Treaty of Versailles notes and which countries were not happy with the terms of the
Treaty
 As a result of exiting the war early, what happens to Russia at the Treaty of Versailles?
They are not invited to Paris to negotiate the treaty, and land was taken from them (Latvia,
Lithuania, Finland,ect)
 What happens to the Austrio-Hungarian Empire after WWI?
It dissolves and is broken down into smaller and less-powerful countries

Pick two of the countries who felt that the Treaty of Versailles was unfair toward them
and explain why
Your opinion
 In your opinion, who do you think caused the war? Why do you think this?
Your opinion