Download Ch 19 Sec 1-3 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or

Ch 19 Sec 1-3
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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1. Copernicus was the first scientist to create a complete model of the solar system combining physics,
astronomy, and mathematics.
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2. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best form of government included a separation of
powers.
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3. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense argued that the American colonies deserved to be an independent
nation.
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4. The colonists resisted the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts by boycotting English goods.
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5. In a federal system of government, all important government powers are held by the national government.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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6. The new way of thinking that emerged in the mid-1500s is called the
a. geocentric theory.
c. Enlightenment.
b. Scientific Revolution.
d. American Revolution.
7. Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were
a. Plato and Aristotle.
c. navigators and explorers.
b. the Church and ancient scholars.
d. Aquinas and his followers.
8. Which of the following posed theories that brought him into direct conflict with the Church?
a. Francis Bacon
c. Aristotle
b. Galileo
d. Ptolemy
9. Who argued that people had a right to overthrow a government that does not protect their natural rights?
a. Locke
c. Newton
b. Voltaire
d. Hobbes
10. How did Hobbes and Rousseau differ?
a. Rousseau believed in the idea of a social contract; Hobbes did not.
b. Rousseau believed an absolute monarchy was essential; Hobbes did not.
c. Rousseau believed people were naturally good; Hobbes did not.
d. Hobbes believed people needed protection from government; Rousseau did not.
11. American colonists objected to the Stamp Act because
a. they resented forced conscription in the British military to fight the Seven Years’ War.
b. the Act restricted the colonists’ trade.
c. contrary to British belief, Americans thought stamps were necessary.
d. they objected to taxes levied by the British Parliament without representation.
12. During the Boston Tea Party, the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston Harbor to
a. protest the tax on tea.
b. raise money to fight the War for Independence.
c. get back at Boston merchants.
d. protest the Intolerable Acts.
____ 13. Study the chart titled “The Scientific Method.” Which of the following phrases belongs in Step 2 in the chart?
a. Form a hypothesis that can be tested.
c. Prove or disprove the hypothesis.
b. Ask a question.
d. Observe the natural world.
____ 14. What led scientists to study the natural world more closely in the mid-1500s?
a. a series of natural disasters
c. the death of Aristotle
b. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet
d. exploration
____ 15. Which of the following scientists invented the first periodic table?
a. Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
c. Antony van Leeuwenhoek
b. Robert Boyle
d. Galen
____ 16. Tycho Brahe believed that
a. the sun, planets, and moon all revolved around the earth.
b. all planets revolved around the sun.
c. the sun revolved around the earth but the other known planets revolved around the sun.
d. there was only one planet in the solar system.
____ 17. Which of the following proposed the geocentric theory?
a. Aristotle
c. Galileo
b. Copernicus
d. Johannes Kepler
____ 18. Which of the following published a book supporting the heliocentric theory?
a. Copernicus
c. Descartes
b. Ptolemy
d. Galen
____ 19. What new approach allowed scholars to gain new scientific knowledge?
a. financing by the Church
c. universal public education
b. the scientific method
d. the Inquisition
“The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it. . . no one ought to harm another in his life, health,
liberty, or possessions. . . Every one. . . may not. . . take away, or impair. . . the life, the liberty, health, limb,
or goods of another.”
Two Treatises on Government, 1690
____ 20. Who wrote the passage from Two Treatises on Government?
a. Thomas Hobbes
c. Adam Smith
b. John Locke
d. Isaac Newton
____ 21. Why did the French and Indian War lead to increased taxes on Britain’s American colonies?
a. The colonists now had access to the French gold and silver mines in the Americas.
b. Because removing the French benefited the colonists, Britain decided to make the colonies
pay part of the cost.
c. The British feared that the colonists were planning a revolution and wanted to weaken
them economically.
d. The French won the war and wanted to punish the colonists.
____ 22. What slogan best expresses the outrage of colonial leaders in response to the Stamp Act?
a. Freedom of conscience for all!
b. No taxation without representation!
c. Governance by the mob must stop!
d. Civil government should defend the rich against the poor!
____ 23. Who wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence?
a. John Adams
c. John Locke
b. Thomas Paine
d. Thomas Jefferson
____ 24. Why did delegates meet at a Constitutional Convention in 1787?
a. to draft a Bill of Rights
b. to revise the Articles of Confederation
c. to declare war on Britain
d. to choose members of the Supreme Court
____ 25. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because
a. some people argued the Constitution did not protect the rights of citizens.
b. framers believed the nation needed a stronger system of government.
c. leaders needed some guidance on how to create an effective court system.
d. Americans believed in equality and justice for all.
Completion
Complete each statement.
26. English physician ____________________ explained the workings of the human heart.
27. General _________________________ led the American troops in the War for Independence.
28. ____________________ argued that people had a right to overthrow a government that does not protect their
natural rights.
29. During the _________________________, the Sons of Liberty dumped hundreds of crates of tea into Boston
Harbor to protest a tax on tea.
30. In September 1783, the British government formally recognized the independence of the United States in the
_________________________.
Matching
Select the letter of the term, person, or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used.
a. philosophes
b. George Washington
c. The Mathematical Principles of Natural
Philosophy
d. Intolerable Acts
e. social contract
f. salons
g. Stamp Act
h. heliocentric theory
i. supernova
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31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
j. William Harvey
k. Age of Reason
l. Declaration of Independence
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
geocentric theory
Leviathan
Starry Messenger
U.S. Constitution
calculus
Baron de Montesquieu
Passed as a way for colonists to pay some of the costs of the French and Indian War
Held that the earth was the center of the universe and the sun, moon, and planets revolved around it
Argued that the best form of government included a separation of powers
Held that the earth revolves around the sun
Led American troops in the War for Independence
A distant exploding star that suddenly becomes visible on earth
Book describing Galileo’s observations
French Enlightenment thinkers
The exchange between a society and its government
Brought together intellectuals in social gatherings to discuss ideas