Download review for final 4

review for final 4
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave is the wave’s
a. amplitude.
b. wavelength.
c. frequency.
d. speed.
2. The bending of waves due to a change in speed is called
a. reflection.
b. refraction.
c. diffraction.
d. interference.
3. Frequency is measured in units called
a. amps.
b. hertz.
c. nodes.
d. antinodes.
4. Refraction occurs when a wave
a. enters a new medium at an angle.
b. hits a surface through which it cannot pass.
c. moves around a barrier.
d. interferes with another wave.
6. Why do you see lightning from a distant storm before you hear thunder?
a. The thunder is produced after the lightning.
b. Your eyes react faster than your ears.
c. Light travels faster than sound.
d. Sound travels faster than light.
7. The ability to do work is called
a. velocity.
b. energy.
c. conversion.
d. friction.
8. Energy is measured in units called
a. joules.
b. pounds.
c. meters.
d. horsepower.
9. The energy associated with motion is called
a. kinetic energy.
b. elastic potential energy.
c. gravitational potential energy.
d. nuclear energy.
10. Kinetic energy increases as
a. mass increases and velocity decreases.
b. mass decreases and velocity increases.
c. both mass and velocity increase.
d. both mass and velocity decrease.
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11. The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object is called
a. mechanical energy.
b. thermal energy.
c. chemical energy.
d. electrical energy.
12. An example of something that stores chemical energy is
a. lightning.
b. a microwave.
c. a match.
d. light.
13. Moving water can be used to produce electricity because
a. most forms of energy can be converted into other forms.
b. energy cannot be converted into other forms of energy.
c. potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy, but not vice versa.
d. kinetic energy can be converted into potential energy, but not vice versa.
14. When you rub your hands together on a cold day, you use friction to convert
a. mechanical energy into thermal energy.
b. thermal energy into nuclear energy.
c. nuclear energy into electrical energy.
d. electrical energy into electromagnetic energy.
15. Fossil fuels contain energy that originally came from
a. tidal forces.
b. Earth’s core.
c. the sun.
d. dinosaurs.
____ 19. Which of the following has kinetic energy?
a. a rock poised for a fall
b. an archer’s bow that is drawn back
c. a rolling bowling ball
d. a car waiting at a red light
____ 20. Unlike kinetic energy, potential energy is
a. energy of motion.
b. stored.
c. conserved.
d. not measurable.
____ 21. Potential energy that depends on height is called
a. kinetic energy.
b. gravitational potential energy.
c. elastic potential energy.
d. mechanical energy.
____ 22. Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is called
a. electromagnetic energy.
b. nuclear energy.
c. mechanical energy.
d. chemical energy.
____ 23. Visible light is an example of
a. chemical energy.
b. electrical energy.
c. electromagnetic energy.
d. nuclear energy.
____ 24. Niagara Falls is a good example of
a. kinetic energy being converted into potential energy.
b. potential energy being converted into kinetic energy.
c. energy being lost.
d. energy being created.
____ 25. The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is converted into another,
a. energy is destroyed in the process.
b. no energy is destroyed in the process.
c. energy is created in the process.
d. some amount of energy cannot be accounted for.
____ 26. The rate at which energy is transferred is called
a. joules.
b. power.
c. work.
d. time.
____ 27. The energy associated with the motion and position of an object is
a. kinetic energy.
b. potential energy.
c. gravitational potential energy.
d. mechanical energy.
____ 28. How would you calculate an object’s mechanical energy?
a. Add its kinetic and potential energies.
b. Multiply its kinetic and potential energies.
c. Subtract its kinetic energy from its potential energy.
d. Subtract its potential energy from its kinetic energy.
____ 29. A change from one form of energy into another is called
a. gravitational potential energy.
b. work.
c. conservation of energy.
d. an energy transformation.
____ 31. A material that reflects or absorbs any light that strikes it is
a. opaque.
b. transparent.
c. translucent.
d. concave.
____ 32. Frosted glass and wax paper are
a. transparent.
b. translucent.
c. clear.
d. opaque.
____ 33. What happens when parallel rays of light hit a smooth surface ( like a mirror)?
a. diffuse reflection
b. diffraction
c. refraction
d. regular reflection
____ 35. The bending of light rays as they enter a new medium is called
a. diffuse reflection.
b. regular reflection.
c. refraction.
d. diffraction.
____ 36. What happens when light passes from air into water?
a. The light speeds up.
b. The light continues at the same speed.
c. The light slows down.
d. The light forms a mirage.
____ 40. Clear glass, water, and air are examples of what kind of material?
a. opaque
b. fluid
c. translucent
d. transparent
____ 41. Magnetic poles that are alike
a. attract each other.
b. repel each other.
c. do not interact.
d. have the same shape.
____ 42. The region around a magnet where the magnetic force is exerted is known as its
a. magnetic pole.
b. lodestone.
c. magnetic field.
d. magnetic domain.
____ 44. What is magnetism?
a. the force of attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials
b. a property of all rocks
c. a type of rock
d. a lodestar
____ 45. Magnetic poles that are unlike
a. attract each other.
b. repel each other.
c. do not interact.
d. point in the same direction.
____ 48. Loudness, or sound level, is measured in units called
a. decibels.
b. hertz.
c. meters per second.
d. watts per square meter.
____ 49. Which term refers to how high or low a sound seems to a person?
a. loudness
b. intensity
c. frequency
d. pitch
____ 50. The pitch of a sound that you hear depends on the sound wave’s
a. loudness.
b. frequency.
c. intensity.
d. speed.
____ 51. The changing pitch of a police car’s siren as it moves by you is an example of
a. the Doppler effect.
b. resonance.
c. the speed of sound.
d. intensity.
____ 52. As a sound source moves toward a listener, the pitch
a. appears to decrease.
b. appears to increase.
c. stays the same.
d. goes up and down repeatedly.
____ 56. You can hear sounds from around corners because of
a. refraction.
b. reflection.
c. diffraction.
d. elasticity.
____ 58. No more energy can be removed from matter at
a. its freezing point.
b. 0ºC.
c. absolute zero.
d. 273 K.
____ 59. The total energy of all the particles in a substance is called
a. temperature.
b. thermal energy.
c. degrees.
d. mass.
____ 60. The more particles a substance has at a given temperature,
a. the higher its temperature.
b. the more thermal energy it has.
c. the more degrees it has.
d. the more kelvins it has.
____ 61. The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called
a. heat.
b. temperature.
c. motion.
d. momentum.
____ 62. Heat is transferred from one particle of matter to another without the movement of matter itself in a process
called
a. conduction.
b. convection.
c. radiation.
d. insulation.
____ 63. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called
a. conduction.
b. convection.
c. radiation.
d. insulation.
____ 64. Heat transfer occurs
a. in many directions.
b. both from warm objects to colder ones and from cold objects to warmer ones.
c. only from warm objects to colder ones.
d. only from cold objects to warmer ones.
____ 65. A material that does NOT conduct heat well is called a(n)
a. insulator.
b. conductor.
c. metal.
d. radiator.
____ 67. How many different forms, or states, does most matter on Earth exist in?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. fifty
____ 68. The addition or loss of thermal energy changes the arrangement of the particles during
a. a change of state.
b. conduction.
c. convection.
d. radiation.
____ 69. The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid is called
a. the boiling point.
b. the freezing point.
c. the melting point.
d. absolute zero.
____ 70. Vaporization that takes place only at the surface of a liquid is called
a. melting.
b. boiling.
c. evaporation.
d. condensation.
____ 73. Absolute zero is shown as 0 on which scale?
a. Fahrenheit
b. Celsius
c. Kelvin
d. Centigrade
____ 74. Which of the following is true of the Celsius scale?
a. 212 degrees is the boiling point of water.
b. 0 degrees is absolute zero.
c. 0 degrees is the freezing point of water.
d. 32 degrees is the freezing point of water.
____ 75. Which of these is a good conductor?
a. wood
b. paper
c. silver
d. air
____ 76. Which statement is true of gases?
a. The particles that make up gases are packed together in a relatively fixed position.
b. Gases have a definite volume.
c. Gases have a definite shape.
d. Gases expand to fill all the space available.
____ 77. A measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object is called
a. thermal energy.
b. conduction.
c. convection.
d. temperature.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 78. A compressed spring has elastic potential energy. _________________________
____ 79. An ice cube melts when its mechanical energy increases. _________________________
____ 80. In a machine, work output is less than work input because some energy is converted into thermal energy.
_________________________
____ 81. A ball thrown into the air has its greatest kinetic energy as it reaches the highest point in its path.
_________________________
____ 82. If you add an object’s potential and kinetic energies, you get its mechanical energy.
_________________________
____ 83. It is not safe to put objects into your ear, even to clean it, because you may puncture the eardrum.
_________________________
____ 84. The more particles a substance has at a given temperature, the more thermal energy it has.
_________________________
____ 85. Heat is kinetic energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object. _________________________
____ 86. During conduction heat is transferred by the movement of currents within a fluid.
_________________________
____ 87. Particles of matter in the solid state are held together but can move around each other.
_________________________
____ 88. As most substances are cooled, they expand. _________________________
____ 89. A substance gains thermal energy as it freezes. _________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
90. A large truck and a small car are moving at the same speed. The truck has greater kinetic energy because its
____________________ is greater.
91. If the velocity of an object is doubled, its kinetic energy is multiplied by ____________________.
92. A baseball flying through the air has ____________________ energy because of its motion.
93. ____________________ energy, such as ultraviolet radiation, travels in the form of waves.
94. To maintain your body temperature, your body converts chemical potential energy into
____________________ energy.
95. An electric motor converts electrical energy to ____________________ energy.
96. Work is the transfer of ____________________ from one object to another.
97. If an object has mechanical energy, it can do ____________________ on another object.
98. Mechanical energy is associated with the ____________________ and motion of an object.
99. The form of energy carried by moving electrical charges is ____________________ energy.
100. As a pendulum swings, energy is continuously transformed between kinetic energy and
____________________ energy.
101. The ____________________ of a sound wave is the distance between a compression or rarefaction and the
next compression or rarefaction.
102. The state of matter that is generally the poorest transmitter of sound is the ____________________ state.
103. If two sound waves differ in intensity, the wave that is more intense sounds ____________________.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
Speed of Sound
Medium
Speed (m/s)
Gases
Air (0°C)
331
Air (20°C)
343
Liquids (30°C)
Fresh water
1,509
Salt water
1,546
Solids (25°C)
Lead
1,210
Plastic
1,800
Silver
2,680
Copper
3,100
Gold
3,240
Brick
3,650
Hardwood
4,000
Cast iron
4,480
Glass
5,170
Steel
5,200
104. In which medium listed in the table does sound travel slowest?
105. In which medium listed in the table does sound travel fastest?
106. Out of rubber, helium, and vinegar, which most likely conducts sound fastest? The slowest? Why do you
think so?
review for final 4
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
B
B
B
A
B
C
B
A
A
C
B
C
A
A
C
A
D
C
C
B
B
B
C
B
B
B
D
A
D
D
A
B
D
C
C
C
B
B
C
D
B
C
B
A
A
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
A
D
A
D
B
A
B
A
C
B
C
C
C
B
B
A
A
C
C
A
A
C
A
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
D
D
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
T
F, thermal
T
F, potential
T
T
T
F, thermal
F, convection
F, liquid
F, contract
F, releases (or loses)
COMPLETION
90. mass
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
four
kinetic
Electromagnetic
thermal
mechanical
energy
work
position
electrical
potential
wavelength
gas
gaseous
103. louder
SHORT ANSWER
104. air at 0°C
105. steel
106. Rubber most likely conducts sound the fastest, followed by vinegar and then by helium. In general, sound
travels faster in solids (rubber) than in liquids (vinegar), and faster in liquids than in gases (helium).