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ADDITIONAL REVIEW – UNIT TEST 2A -- CHEMISTRY GENERAL NOTES: Recall that the test covers what we have done in class as well as all of Chapters 2 and 3, average atomic mass, and any earlier material. 1. State/define: Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Conservation of Energy Law of Definite Proportions Law of Multiple Proportions atomic number Mass number isotopes average atomic mass additional vocabulary 2. Give 2 examples of each: Physical change Chemical change 3. A sample has a mass of 3.17g. A balance was used to mass the sample, and the following were obtained: 3.56g, 3.55g, and 3.57g. Are these data precise? Are they accurate? 4. Estimate: The volume of a drinking glass The mass of a goldfish The length of a school bus Your mass in kg The volume of your locker The length of your shoe 5. Chromotography is used to: 6. Compute Rf values for each substance shown in the chromatogram below. start A B C D solvent front │ ▐ ▐ ▐ ▐ │_______ 7. Which substance (above) has molecules that spend the most time in the mobile phase? 8. A sample of a mineral has a mass of 64g and a volume of 32 cm3. What is the density of this mineral? A. .20 g/cm3 B. 2.0 g/cm3 C. 5.0 g/cm3 D. .50 g/cm3 8B. Will it sink? How do you know? 9. An element is made of only one kind of: A. compound B. atom C. molecule D. mixture 10. When doing unit conversions, ________ MUST always be done first! A. numbers B. units C. calculations D. answers FOR #11 – 16: Use the answers at the right. 11. aluminum 12. chili 13. orange juice (w/ pulp) 14. salt water 15. salt (sodium chloride) 16. sulfur dichloride Classify each material as: A. element, B. compound, C. homogeneous mixture, D. heterogeneous mixture. 17. Review EXCEL: addresses, formulas, graphing… 18. There are ____ centigrams in 22.3g. 19. There are ____ milliliters in .98 liters. 20. There are ____ meters in 12.8km. 21. Review the development of the atomic theory: the “who, what, when etc.” of each of the steps in its development, through Rutherford. The following will help with this. The four centers of early civilization were: ___________, ____________, _______________, and the ____________ __________. Western civilization traces its roots to _________. The __________ empire "took over from" or "built on" the Greek empire and peaked around the year __________. The __________ Ages began after this empire collapsed and lasted from approximately 500AD to approximately _____________. During the latter part of the Dark Ages, Alchemists tried to _____________________________________ and ___________________________________. Lasting influences of their ideas include (list 4 or 5): ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________. Lasting benefits from the Alchemists include: _______________________, _____________________________, and ____________________________. Then began that great age known as the Renaissance (which means ____________), when people began to ________ for themselves. In approximately 400 BC ______________ stated the first atomic theory. For almost 2200 years there was not an atomic theory because _____________ had disagreed with the idea of atoms. Finally, around the year 1800, ______________ brought back the atomic theory. This time, the theory was based on experimental ________________. The ideas included in this theory were that: "All matter is composed of ____________."; "Atoms of the same element are the ________ and atoms of different elements are _______________."; "Atoms are rearranged in chemical _______________."; and "Atoms can be combined in small whole number ratios to form ___________." Then, in the 1890's, ____________ discovered and described the electron, which is smaller than an atom, and is part of every atom. Thomson was working with a special tool called ________________________. Two modern uses of CRT's include _____________________ and _____________________. Thomson's model of the atom is also referred to as the __________________ model of the atom. Not on the test, but: Millikan built on Thomson's work and discovered the ____________ and _____________ of the electron. Using gold foil, ________________ determined that most of the mass and positive charge of the atom are concentrated in the central ________. 22. Complete the following tables: Name symbol atomic # mass # # protons # electrons # neutrons Sulfur-35 17 21 212 Po 42 Name symbol atomic # mass # 55 # protons # electrons # neutrons Iodine-130 30 122 35 Sn 80 90 23. Review the properties of electrons, protons, and neutrons, as well as vocabulary. 24. What determines the chemical behavior of atoms? _______________________________ 25. Carbon occurs in nature as a mixture of two isotopes, carbon-12 and carbon-13. Explain how atoms of these two isotopes are the same, and how they are different: 26. The average atomic mass of neon is 20.179 amu. This indicates that atoms of neon contain: A. .179 of a proton B. .179 of a neutron C. .179 of an electron D. none of the above 27. Copper is composed of two isotopes, copper -63 and copper-65. The average atomic mass of copper is 63.456 amu. How do the natural abundances of the two isotopes compare? A. Copper -63 is more abundant B. The abundances are the same C. Copper -65 is more abundant D. Can't be determined from the given data PROBLEMS -- ADDITIONAL F-L PROBLEMS ARE ALSO IN AN EARLIER REVIEW. 1. What mass of salt would be present in 54.7g of a 12.0% NaCl (salt) mixture? 2. Calculate the volume of 78.5g of iron. DFe = 7.87 g/cm3 3. Determine the volume of brass needed to make 3400 .443 pound figurines. The density of this brass is 8.77 g/cm3, and there is 5.0% waste in the manufacturing process. 4. A 34.2g ring is 58.0% copper and 42.0% gold. USING FACTOR-LABEL, Find the mass of gold in the ring. 5. The element Pennsylvanium (Pn) is composed of two naturally occuring isotopes, as shown. Compute the average atomic mass of Pennsylvanium: Isotope Pn-102 Pn-104 Mass (u) 201.988 203.982 % abundance 54.22 45.78 ADDITIONAL REVIEW – UNIT TEST 2A -- CHEMISTRY GENERAL NOTES: Recall that the test covers what we have done in class as well as all of Chapters 2 and 3, average atomic mass, and any earlier material.. 1. State/define: Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Conservation of Energy Law of Definite Proportions Law of Multiple Proportions atomic number Mass number isotopes average atomic additional vocabulary 2. Give 2 examples of each: Physical change Any change that results in the same substance(s), NOT chemically changed. Common examples are phase changes, such as melting, freezing, etc. Chemical change Any change that results in the creation of new substances. 3. A sample has a mass of 3.17g. A balance was used to mass the sample, and the following were obtained: 3.56g, 3.55g, and 3.57g. Are these data precise? yes Are they accurate? no 4. Estimate: The volume of a drinking glass The mass of a goldfish The length of a school bus Your mass in kg The volume of your locker The length of your shoe 5. Chromotography is used to: 400 ml 25 g 20 m Kudrick is pushing 100 kg 120 L 30 cm Separate components of a mixture 6. Compute Rf values for each substance shown in the chromatogram below. start A B C D solvent front │ ▐ ▐ ▐ ▐ │_______ .28 .41 .63 .75 7. Which substance (above) has molecules that spend the most time in the mobile phase? D 8. A sample of a mineral has a mass of 64g and a volume of 32 cm3. What is the density of this mineral? A. .20 g/cm3 B. 2.0 g/cm3 C. 5.0 g/cm3 D. .50 g/cm3 8B. Will it sink? yes How do you know? Density is greater than water’s (1.0g/cm3) 9. An element is made of only one kind of: A. compound B. atom C. molecule D. mixture 10. When doing unit conversions, ________ MUST always be done first! A. numbers B. units C. calculations D. answers FOR #11 – 16: Use the answers at the right. 11. aluminum 12. chili 13. orange juice (w/ pulp) 14. salt water 15. salt (sodium chloride) 16. sulfur dichloride A D D C B B Classify each material as: A. element, B. compound, C. homogeneous mixture, D. heterogeneous mixture. 18. There are _2230___ centigrams in 22.3g. 19. There are __980__ milliliters in .98 liters. 20. There are _12 800___ meters in 12.8km. 21. The four centers of early civilization were: __China__, __India___, ___Egypt____, and the __Middle__ __East___. Western civilization traces its roots to __Greece__. The _Roman______ empire "took over from" or "built on" the Greek empire and peaked around the year ___0____. The ___Dark___ Ages began after this empire collapsed and lasted from approximately 500AD to approximately __1500 AD____. During the latter part of the Dark Ages, Alchemists tried to __change cheap stuff into gold__ and __discover immortality___. Lasting influences of their ideas include (list 4 or 5): _Midas, Rumpelstiltskin, Goose that laid the Golden Egg, Ponce de Leon, Harry Potter, etc_. Lasting benefits from the Alchemists include: _chemical techniques_, __chemical equipment__, and _new elements __. Then began that great age known as the Renaissance (which means __rebirth_), when people began to __think_ for themselves. In approximately 400 BC _Democritus___ stated the first atomic theory. For almost 2200 years there was not an atomic theory because _Aristotle__ had disagreed with the idea of atoms. Finally, around the year 1800, __Dalton__ brought back the atomic theory. This time, the theory was based on experimental __evidence, data__. The ideas included in this theory were that: "All matter is composed of ___atoms__."; "Atoms of the same element are the __same__ and atoms of different elements are __different__."; "Atoms are rearranged in chemical __reactions__."; and "Atoms can be combined in small whole number ratios to form _compounds_." Then, in the 1890's, _Thomson__ discovered and described the electron, which is smaller than an atom, and is part of every atom. Thomson was working with a special tool called _cathode ray tube___. Two modern uses of CRT's include __TVs_ and _computer monitors___. Thomson's model of the atom is also referred to as the _Plum Pudding__ model of the atom. We skipped him, but: Millikan built on Thomson's work and discovered the __charge__ and __mass___ of the electron. Using gold foil, __Rutherford__ determined that most of the mass and positive charge of the atom are concentrated in the central _nucleus__. Name symbol atomic # mass # # protons # electrons # neutrons Sulfur-35 35 16 35 16 16 19 Chlorine-38 Polonium-212 Molybdenum-97 38 17 84 42 38 212 97 17 84 42 17 84 42 21 128 55 S Cl Po 97 Mo 212 Name Iodine-130 symbol 130 I Zinc-65 65 Tin-122 Mercury-170 122 atomic # 53 mass # 130 # protons 53 # electrons 53 # neutrons 77 30 65 30 30 35 50 80 122 170 50 80 50 80 72 90 Zn 170 Sn Hg 24. What determines the chemical behavior of atoms? ___electrons. More specifically: outer electrons__ 25. SAME: number of protons, number of electrons, chemical behavior DIFFERENT: numbers of neutrons, masses, stability 26. D. none of the above 27, A. Copper -63 is more abundant PROBLEMS -- ADDITIONAL F-L PROBLEMS ARE ALSO IN AN EARLIER REVIEW. 1. What mass of salt would be present in 54.7g of a 12.0% NaCl mixture? Convert 54.7g mixture (solution, total) 54.7g mixture / 12.0 g NaCl / 100 g mixture 2. Calculate the volume of 78.5g of iron. V = m/D to g NaCl. = 6.56 g NaCl. DFe = 7.87 g/cm3 V = 78.5g/7.87 g/cm3 V = 9.97 cm3 3. Determine the volume of brass needed to make exactly 3400 .443 pound figurines. The density of this brass is 8.77 g/cm3, and there is 5.0% waste in the manufacturing process. Convert 3400 figurines 3400 fig. needed / .443 lb / / to 1 kg 1 fig. / 2.205 lb / L brass. / 1000 g 1 kg / 1 cm3 / / 8.77 g / 1 L brass used 1000 cm3 / 100 L brass / 95.0 L brass used = 82.0 L brass needed 4. A 34.2g ring is 58.0% copper and 42.0% gold. Calculate the mass of gold in the ring. 14.4g Au 5. The element Pennsylvanium (Pn) is composed of two naturally occuring isotopes, as shown. Compute the average atomic mass of Pennsylvanium: Isotope Pn-102 Pn-104 Mass (u) 201.988 203.982 % abundance 54.22 45.78 202.9u