Download (X-ray LWFA) Laser Wakefield (LWFA)

Laser particle acceleration
`
IZEST Spring Meeting
Ecole Polytechnique
April 4, 2017
Toshiki Tajima
Norman Rostoker Chair Professor, UC Irvine
Deputy Director, IZEST
Acknowledgements: G. Mourou, J. A. Wheeler, X. M. Zhang, D. Farinella, , K. Nakajima, F. Dollar, T. Nguyen, S. Mironov,
Y.M. Shin, M. Zhou, X. Q. Yan, P. Taborek, D. Niculae, R. Aleskan, F. Zimmerman, B. Holzer, M. Spiro, V. Zamfir, A. Lankfield, S.
Gales, A. Caldwell, A. Suzuki, R. X. Li
abstract
Two new technologies (coherent amplification network
(CAN), thin film compression (TFC))
and 4 new innovations / applications (Laser-driven collider,
γ-γ collider, SCLA proton acceleration, X-ray LWFA)
1. wakefield, relativistic coherence, and Tsunami
2. Laser-driven collider: 100 GeV over 1m, unit cells, stackup toward
TeV based on CAN laser
3. Toward high reprate and high efficiency fiber laser (CAN)
4. γ-γ collider
5. Single-cycled laser and further coherency by TFCの
6. Compact ion acceleration (short-lived isotope generation, ADS)
7. “TeV on a chip” (X-ray LWFA)
Laser Wakefield (LWFA):
Wake phase velocity >> water movement speed
maintains coherent and smooth structure
Tsunami phase velocity becomes ~0,
causes wavebreak and turbulence
vs
Strong beam (of laser / particles) drives plasma waves to saturation amplitude: E = mωvph /e
Wave breaks at v＜c
No wave breaks and wake peaks at v≈c
← relativity
regularizes
(relativistic coherence)
Relativistic coherence enhances beyond the Tajima-Dawson field E = mωpc /e (~ GeV/cm)
Wakefields and Higgs
Laundau-Ginzburg potential  BCS  Nambu  Higgs vacuum
Landau damping: decay of excited waves to equilibrium (left picture)
Wakefield: no damping; distinct excited stable state no particles to resonate (@
c)
= plasma’s elevated Higgs state
|0>
vs.
|H>
thermo-equilibrium
wakefield state
( cf .
|H>  |0>)
tsunami onshore
LWFA Collider and CAN laser
70th Birthday
Theory of wakefield toward extreme energy
æ
æ
n
cr
DE » 2m0c2 a02g 2ph= 2m0c2 a02 æ
æn æ
æ,
æ eæ
7
Electron energy (MeV)
10
6
10
1 TeV
5
10
4
10
3
10
←theoretical
1 GeV
2
10
In order to avoid wavebreak,
a0 < γph1/2 ,
where
γph = (ncr / ne )1/2
←experimental
1
10
0
10
17
10
18
10
20
19
10
10
ncr =1021
ne = 1016
-3
Plasma density (cm )
 ncr 
Ld   a   ,

 ne 
2
2
p 0
dephasing length
(when 1D theory applies)
 ncr 
1
Lp   p a0   ,
3
 ne 
pump depletion length
1 TeV
Energy gain
VS
Plasma density
1000
GeV
100
ne=1.2x1016
cm-3,
ne=3x1015 cm-3, Lacc=245m
100 GeV
Lacc=12m
IZEST 100 GeV Ascent
Collaboration:
Design by Prof.
Nakajima
40GeV
10
1
PETAL design
4.2 GeV BELLA-LBNL
TEXAS
CoReLS-IBS
SIOM
LBNL
SIOM LLNL
CAEP
MPQ
0.1
1019
RAL
LLNL
1018
3D PIC simulation
Experimental data
7x1017 cm-3
Energy gain
ne=3x1016 cm-3, Lacc=5m
Plasma density
1017
1016
1015
cm-3
Nakajima, 2016
Areas of improvement in
LA performance for various applications
(from Darmstadt JTF workshop, 2010; also in Final Report of JTF: W. Leemans, W.
Chou, M. Uesaka)
Energy
DE/E
e
Charge
Bunch
duration
Avg.
power
THz
X-rays
(betatron)
FEL
(XUV)
Gammarays
FEL
(X-rays)
Collider
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓






✓
✓
✓
✓

✓
✓
✓
✓








✓
✓: OK as is
: increase needed
: decrease needed
9
Need to Phase
32 J/1mJ/fiber~ 3x104 Phased Fibers!
Mourou, Brocklesby, Tajima, Limpert,
Nature Photnics (2013)
Electron/positron beam
Transport fibers
~70cm
Length of a fiber ~2m
Total fiber length~ 5 104km
J. Bourderionnet, A. Brignon (Thales), C. Bellanger, J. Primot (ONERA)
Coherent Fiber Combining
Phase processing and
feedback loop
1×2 splitters
1W PM
EDFAs
fiber
array
2:1image relay
1W PM EDFA
QWLSI
polar.
controller
Laser
diode
1.55µm
lenslet
array
laser output
1×16 splitters
16 × 4-channels PLZT
phase modulators
far-field
observation
Achievement 2011
 64 phase-locked fibers
γ-γ collider and CAN laser
70th Birthday
γ-γ collider and XCAN fiber laser
One option of FCC of CERN:
γ-γ collider
lasers that backscatter off electrons
CAN fiber laser
(high rep-rate,
high fluence,
high efficiency)
R. Aleksan, et al. (2015)
Thin Film Compression and
ion accelerator
70th Birthday
Tajima, EPJ 223 ( 2014)
Single-cycle laser (new Thin Film Compression)
Laser power ＝ energy / pulse lnegth
1PW
Optical nonlinearity of
thin film  pulse
frequency width bulge,
pulse compression
10PW
G. Mourou, et al. Eur. Phys. J. (2014)
C
M
W
TF
C
G
M
G
M
UCI TFC
Chirped Mirror: CM
Gold Mirror: GM
Wedge: W
TFC Target (Fused
Silica): TFC
W
C
M
Thin Film Compression (TFC) into a
Single-Cycled Laser Pulse
Mourou et al. (2014)
Even,isolated zeptosecond X-ray laser pulse possible
(simulation by N. Naumova, et al., 2014)
1zs

1PW optical laser  10PW single osc. Optical laser
 EW single osc. X-ray laser
Consistent with “Intensity-pulse-width Conjecture” (Mourou-Tajima, Science 331 (2011))
Petawatt laser / secondary rays vs SR, XFEL, and SCXL
Brilliance of our Single Cycled X-ray Laser (SCXL)
THz
Infrared
Visible
UV
EUV
Soft X-Ray
Hard X-Ray
Gama Ray
40
10
1036
Optical laser
10PW (1022 W/cm 2)
(Phs/sec/mm2/mrad2/0.1%BW)
Peak Brilliance
1PW (1021 W/cm 2)
0.1PW (1020 W/cm 2)
1032
Solid HHG
S-HHG
OPA
1028
Gas HHG
THz
1024
Betatron
Laser THz source
1020
3rd G Synchrotron
Laser Gamma-ray
1016
1012
Sun
8
10
1meV
10meV
100meV
1eV
10eV
100eV
1keV
10keV
100keV
1MeV 10MeV
100MeV
Photon Energy
SCXL added to T.J. Wang / R. X. Li (2016): see M3.1
Single-Cycled Laser Acceleration
(SCLA)
more coherent acceleration
under same laser energy: more
energies proportional to a0
Domain map of various ion
accelerations in a0 and σ
Zhou et al. PoP (2016)
X-ray LWFA in Nanostructure
70th Birthday
Tajima, EPJ 223 ( 2014)
Porous Nanomaterial:
rastering possible
Nano holes:
reduce the stopping
power
keep strong wakefields
 Marriage of nanotech and
high field science
Spatia (nm), time(as-zs),
density 1024 /cc), photon (keV)
scales:
Transverse and longitudinal
structure of nanotubes: act as
e.g., accelerator structure (the
structure intact in time of
ionization, material
breakdown times fs > x-ray
pulse time zs-as)
Porous alimina on Si substrate
Nanotech. 15, 833 (2004);
P. Taborek (UCI): porous alumina
(2007)
UCI/Fermilab efforts on nanostructure
wakefield acceleration
70th Birthday
X-ray wakefield acceleration
in nanomaterials tubes
T. Tajima, EPJ (2014)
X-ray laser with short length and small spot:
NB: electrons in outers-shell bound states, too, interact
with X-rays
X.M. Zhang, et al. (2016)
Simulation:
Laser pulse with small spot can be well controlled and
guided with a tube. Such structure available e.g. with carbon
nanotube, or alumina nanotubes (typical simulation
parameters)
  1nm, a0  4,  L  5nm, L  3nm / c
ntube  5  1024 / cm 3 ,  tube  2.5nm
Wakefield comparison between the cases of
a tube and a uniform density
tube case
uniform density case
X. M. Zhang, et al. PR AB (2016)
Wakefields and the tube geometry
X. M. Zhang (2016)
conclusions
• Laser wakefield accelerators with CAN a collider
• Fiber laser revolution: High reprate, high efficiency---collab with
CERN---γγ collider
• Further innovation in laser with TFC : single-cycled laser’s
promise—New technological window
• Efficient proton acceleration: isotope production, ADS
• Single-cycled X-ray laser -- “TeV on a chip”
Merci beaucoup!
(Y.Shin)