Download Scope of Educational Psychology

EDU. 102.
PSYCHOLOGY OF THE LEARNER
SEMESTER I
UNIT 1 : Introduction to Educational Psychology
UNIT 2 : Learners Development
UNIT 3 : Learners Intelligence and creativity
UNIT 4 : Understanding Learner Diversities
UNIT 5 : Learners Personality And Adjustment
Origin or Evolution of Psychology
Study of Soul –psyche+logos=soul+study/science
Plato and Aristotle
 Study of Mind
 Study of Consciousness
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William James and Wilhelm Wundt
‘Introspection’
Science of Behaviour
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William mc Dougall in 1905 and J.B Watson in 1913
• “First psychology lost its soul, then its mind, then it
lost its consciousness, it still has behaviour of a
sort”
- Woodworth (1948)
Definitions of Psychology
• “Psychology is a Science which aims to
give us better understanding and control
of the behaviour of the organism as a
whole”
- William Mc Dougall (1908)
• “Psychology is the Science of behaviour”
- J. B. Watson (1913)
Nature of Psychology
• Psychology is a positive science
which describes what is
• It is a behavioural science
which deals with the behaviour of an
organism
Approaches to Psychology
1. Psycho- Analytical Approach (Freud)
2. Behaviourism (John. B. Watzon)
3. Humanistic Approach
4. Constructivist Approach
Branches of Psychology
PURE PSYCHOLOGY
• General Psychology
Abnormal Psychology
Social Psychology
Experimental Psychology
Physiological Psychology.
Developmental Psychology
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Industry
Medicine
Criminology
Defence
Education.
Educational Psychology
• Its an applied psychology
• Application of psychology in the field of
education
• Application of theories, principles,
techniques, researches, approaches of
psychology in the field of education
Definitions
• “Educational psychology is that branch of
psychology which deals with teaching and
learning”
- B. F. Skinner (1958)
• “Educational psychology is the science of
education”
- Peel (1956)
Relationship between
Education and Psychology
“A teacher want to teach French to Shyam,
should want to know both Shyam and French”
• To know the child
• To know the potentialities and capacities
• To control the learning environment
• To shape the learning experience
Scope of Educational Psychology
It concern the learner or Pupil
• Innate abilities or capacities
• Individual differences
• Conscious or unconscious
behaviour
• Characteristics of growth and
development
Scope of Educational Psychology
It concern the Learning experience
• Techniques
• Deciding the kind of learning
experiences
• Conscious or unconscious
behaviour
• Characteristics of growth and
development
Scope of Educational Psychology
• It concern Learning process
• Nature of the Learning process
• Principles and theories of learning
• Remembering and forgetting
• Thinking and reasoning
Scope of Educational Psychology
• It concern Learning situation or
environment
•Classroom climate
•Group dynamics
•Usage of teaching learning aids
•Guidance and counselling
Scope of Educational Psychology
• It concern the teacher
•To know himself
•Conflict, anger, motivation,
adjustment, level of aspiration etc
•Personality of the teacher
Methods of Educational
Psychology
1. Experimental Method:an experiment is a question put to nature-it is a systamatic
study-a kind of controlled observation .experimenter,subject
“Can attention be divided or not?”
1. Survey Method /field investigation-sample
2. Case Study Method
How to conduct a Case Study
1. Give due recognition and respect to his individuality
2. Establish a good rapport (connection)
3. Know his personal identity, past history, behaviour,
relationship, problems, feelings etc
4. Deep investigation in a comprehensive way
5. Can use a pre prepared format for data collection
6. Collect all relevant data about the person from him
and others related to him
7. Find the probable causes of his behaviour
8. Remediation and suggestions
Data in Case Study
1. Personal data including problems (emotional,
social and education)
2. Birth information
3. Health record
4. Family data
5. Socio-economic status
6. Level of intelligence and creativity (opinion from
teachers and parents)
Data in Case Study
7. Educational record
8. Areas of interest
9. Adjustment
10. Behaviour in the classroom
11. Personality traits
12. Educational and vocational ambitions etc
13. Follow up work
Merits of Case Study
• Can get a more detailed picture of the individual
• This method uses observation, interviews and
tests etc for data collection
• Solves deep rooted problems of an individual
• Helps to solve personality, behavioural and
adjustment problems
• It has a wide and comprehensive scope
• The study is more subjective, reliable and valid
Demerits of Case Study
• Need special training and efficiency
•Generalisation is not possible
• Some times the collected data may be fake
• It has limited scope
• We can’t ensure the objectivity, reliability
& validity
• Time consuming
2 Marks Questions
1. Limitations of experimental method in Education
Psychology
2. What is meant by behaviourist approach in
Psychology
3. Define educational psychology
4. What you know about Freud’s Psycho- Analytical
Approach
5. Write a brief note on Humanistic Approach
6. What is Constructivist Approach
7. What is Survey Method
4 Marks Questions
1. Advantages and disadvantages of experimental method
2. Explain the merits and demerits of case study method
3. First psychology lost its soul, then its mind, then it lost its
consciousness, it still has behaviour of a sort”- Comment
4. Briefly explain the nature of psychology
5. Psychology is a positive science. Explain
6. Write a short note on different approaches to psychology
7. Differentiate between Humanistic and Constructivist
Approaches to education
8. Prepare short note on Experimental Method, Survey
Method and Case Study Method
9. Suppose you identify a case in your class. How to conduct
a case study for that case
10 Mark Questions
1. Explain the scope of educational psychology in
the teaching learning process
Different methods of psychology
1-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD: An experiment is a
question put to nature.
-Experimenter
-subject
Independent &Dependent variables
-Indipendent/experiment/stimulus/cause:The aspect
of environment which is experimentally studied.
-Dependent/response/effect:The resulting change in
behaviour is called dependent variable.
“Can attention be divided or not”?
Merits &Demerits
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Most scientific and objective
Helps to solve problems in education
Special skills needed
Mood of the subject will reflect the result
Not to be more accurate like pure sciences
Prolonged experiments negate the cooperation
from the subject
• Experiments conducted in animals cant be
extrapolated to humans.
2-Introspection
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Reflection of one’s own experience
Introspect means”look within”
E.B Tichener –student of wilhelm wundtWilhelm wundt-leipzig –Germany-psychological
lab
• It is not applicable for animals,child and abnormal
people.
• This method used to find out psycho-somatic
case(Doctors).
3-Observation
• It is a systematic goal directed method.
• Unlike introspection “it is looking outside
oneself”
• ---natural observation.
without their awareness of being
observed.
Playground,library,class room etc
• --participant observation
observer become a part of the group which he
wants to observe.
-perfect “rapport”is needed.
-necessary to prepare a detailed shedule-for
systamatic observation.
4- Survey method-Field investigation
• For to extend the boundaries of investigation
to wider field.
• Observations are under natural conditions
• Selection of sample-from population.
• Random sample
• Stratified sample