Download Wake-up - Schwichtenberg

Wake-up
1. What are restriction enzymes?
1. What is a vector?
1. Why is the same restriction enzyme used on
the plasmid and gene of interest?
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Transgenic Organism
An organism (animals, plants, and bacteria)
that has been genetically altered.
Example #1: Diabetes and Insulin
(Medical)
What is Insulin?
Insulin (protein)
helps glucose
move from our
bloodstream to
our cells
Glucose is from
food that was
consumed
What produces insulin?
Pancreas
Type 1 Diabetes: The Pancreas does
not produce insulin
How does someone with Type 1 Diabetes get
insulin?
Diabetics need to
test their blood
sugar
Diabetics need to
take Insulin shots
History of Insulin Production
1974 – Pancreas was removed from
slaughtered animals and purified for
human use
History of Insulin Production (finish)
1978 – Gene that makes insulin in humans
was inserted into E.coli (Bacteria) which
produced synthetic human insulin
Example #2: Gene Therapy
Cystic Fibrosis: Recessive Disorder
Cystic Fibrosis
Disease that causes the
body to produce unusually
thick, sticky mucus that:
•Clogs the lungs and leads
to
lung infections
• Obstructs the pancreas
• Stops natural enzymes
from helping the body
break down and absorb
A healthy gene for cystic fibrosis is inserted
into a vector “vehicle” and then inhaled by
an affected individual.
*
Example #3: Genetically Modified Food
(GMO’s)
What are Genetically Modified Organisms
(GMO’s)?
An organism whose genetic material has
been altered using genetic engineering
techniques
Why are Organisms Genetically Modified?
Modified to be
resistant to:
•Pests
•Disease
•Cold
•Drought
•Salt
Also an overall
“better” quality
Example #1 of GMO: Golden Rice
Malnutrition is common in 3rd world
countries; impoverished peoples rely on rice
for the main staple of their diet.
More than 10 million children die of malnutrition
However,
rice majority
does notofcontain
adequate
every
year. A vast
these deaths
is linked
amounts
of all necessary
to prevent
to micronutrient
deficiencies.nutrients
The deficiencies
with
the highest impact
are in iron, zinc, iodine and
malnutrition
vitamin A.
Vitamin A
deficiencies can
damage the
immune system
and decrease
the body’s
ability to resist
or fight
infections or
can lead to
partial to total
blindness
Golden rice was genetically engineered to contain
beta carotene, which gives the rice its yellow color
Beta carotene can provide Vitamin A to its
consumers.
*
GMO Example #2:
Tomato and Artic
Flounder Video Clip
Example #3: Glowing Organisms
(purpose unclear)
Which organisms
naturally glow?
Can we make other
organisms glow using
Genetic Engineering?
Example #3: Glowing Organisms
(purpose unclear)
GMO Project
1.
2.
3.
4.
List GMO
Describe the GMO
Explain how it is genetically modified
Explain why it is genetically modified
Create a PowerPoint about your GMO. Make
sure to include pictures.