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Direct object pronouns
The object that directly receives the action of the verb is
called the direct object.
The direct object answers the question "what?" or
"whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence
is doing.
When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object,
use the following pronouns:



DOPs
Singular
Plural
1st person
Me= ________
Us = ________
2nd Person
You = ________
3rd
person
Him = ________
Her = ________
You/It = ________
Them (m) _______
Them (fem) _____
Y’all ___________
In sentences with two verbs, there
are two options regarding the
placement of the direct object
pronoun.
1. Place it immediately before the
conjugated verb.
2. Attach it directly to the infinitive.
Indirect object pronouns
The indirect object (IO) tells us where the
direct object (DO) is going.
 The indirect object answers the question
"To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of
the verb is performed.
 Sentences that have an indirect object
usually also have a direct object.
(Remember, the IO tells us where the DO
is going!)
 Sometimes the direct object is not stated;
rather it is implied, or understood.

Indirect object pronouns

When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect
object, use the following pronouns:
IOPs
Singular
Plural
1st person
(to/for) Me= ________
(to/for) Us = ________
2nd Person
(to/for) You = ________
3rd
person
(to/for) Him = ________
(to/for) Her = ________
(to/for) You/It = ________
(to/for) Them (m) _______
(to/for) Them (fem) _____
(to/for) Y’all ___________
The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because
they are ambiguous.
Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional
phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity or for emphasis
Preterite of regular –ar verbs
The preterite is used for past actions that
are seen as completed.
 The preterite of regular -ar verbs is
formed by dropping the infinitive ending ar and adding the appropriate endings to
the stem.

Pret. –ar
endings
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
Singular
Plural
Note that verbs that end in
______, ______, and ______
have a spelling change in the
______ form.
car
_______
= _______
gar
_______
= _______
zar
_______
= _______
Ser and Ir in the preterite
The verbs ir and ser are irregular in the
preterite tense, but are IDENTICAL!
 The context in which each verb is used in
the sentence will clarify the meaning.
 The verb ser is not used very often in the
preterite.

Pret. Of
ser and ir
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
Singular
Plural
Preterite of regular –er and –ir verbs

Both regular –er and –ir verbs have the
same set of endings
Pret. er/ir
endings
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
Singular
Plural
Dar and Ver in the preterite

The preterite endings of the verbs dar
and ver are the same as those of regular
-er and -ir verbs, except for the accent
marks.
Pret.
dar
Singular
Plural
Pret.
ver
1st person
1st person
2nd Person
2nd Person
3rd person
3rd person
Singular
Plural
Present tense “go” verbs


The verbs hacer, poner, traer, and salir have an
irregular ________ form.
The yo form has a g. All other forms are the
same as those of a regular -er or -ir verb.
Hacer
to do/ make
Poner
to put/ place/ set
Traer
to bring
Salir
to leave/ exit/ go out
Tú
haces
pones
traes
sales
Él,ella, ud.
hace
pone
trae
sale
Nosotros
hacemos
ponemos
traemos
salimos
Ellos, ellas, Uds.
hacen
ponen
traen
salen
Yo
Beware of the sneaky “g”
g
Present tense “go” verbs

The verb venir (to come) also has an
irregular yo form. It conjugates like the
verb tener. It is an e-ie stemchanger.
Present
venir
Singular
1st person
vengo
2nd Person
vienes
3rd person
viene
Plural
venimos
vienen
Present progressive tense

The present progressive is used in Spanish to express an
action that is presently going on—an action in progress.

The present progressive is formed by using the present
tense of the verb _____ and the _____________—
speaking, looking, doing.

To form the present participle of most verbs in Spanish you
drop the ending of the infinitive and add _____to the
stem of -ar verbs and ______to the stem of -er and
-ir verbs.

Note that the verbs ____ and _____ have a y in the
present participle.
leyendo
trayendo
Saber y conocer in the present tense
The verbs saber and conocer both mean
___________.
 Note that like many Spanish verbs they
have an irregular yo form in the present
tense. All other forms are regular.

Present
saber
Singular
1st person
2nd Person
sabes
3rd person
sabe
Plural
Present
conocer
sabemos
1st person
saben
Singular
Plural
conocemos
2nd Person
conoces
3rd person
conoce
conocen
Saber y conocer in the present tense
The verb ________ means to know a
fact or to have information about
something. It also means to know how to
do something.
 The verb __________ means to know in
the sense of to be acquainted with. It is
used to talk about people and complex or
abstract concepts rather than simple
facts.

Reflexive verbs
A verb is reflexive when the subject and
the object are the same
 When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive
ends in "se."
 The reflexive pronouns are

 me, te, se, nos, se
Steps to conjugating
me lav ar
o se
Cut Cut off the “se”
Fling Fling “se” in front of the verb
Flop Flop “se” over into me, te, se, nos, or se to match the subject
Chopsuey Chop off –ar, -er, -ir
(switch-a-roonie) Swich the stem if necessary
Schmoosh Add the appropriate ending