Download sponges

Family: Cladorhizidae
• How is this organism adapted to its
environment?
Newly Discovered off
the coast of New
Zealand
PHYLUM PORIFERA
SPONGES
I. General Information
1. Porifera means “porebearing”
2. EX: sponges
3. No tissues, organs, or
systems
4. Entire animal consists of
several different types of
cells functioning together.
5. Sessile- immobile
6. Symmetry: Asymmetricalno symmetry
7. Simplest of all animals
Osculum- allows water & waste to leave.
Spicules- give support/protection
Choanocyte- traps passing food
Spongocoel- center cavity of sponge
Porocyte- allows water & food into sponge
Mesohyl- gelatinous middle layer thru
which amoebocytes travel.
Amoebocytes- carry nutrients, oxygen thru
body. Can also become reproductive cells.
Ostium (plural ostia)- opening to a
porocyte
Pinacocyte- epidermal cells; cover outside
of sponge; can contract to close ostia when
irritated
II. Digestion/Feeding
1.
Filter feederssessile so cannot
prey on food.
2. Eat bacteria,
algae, protists,
larvae
3. Pathway of water
& food
a. Enters porocyte
b. Passes by choanocyte which
has beating flagella to pull
food into collar which
captures food.
c.
Food vacuole is created at
base of choanocyte.
Digestion begins.
d.
Food vacuole is passed to an
amoebocyte.
e.
Amoebocyte carries
nutrients to all parts of
sponge. Also remove waste
from sponge (circulatory
system)
f.
Excess water & waste exit
thru osculum.
g. Can measure amount of water
flow out of the sponge by
adding dye
http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.h
p/zool250/animations/Porifera.swf
III.Respiration- exchange of oxygen &
carbon dioxide
1. DIFFUSION through the cell
membranes exposed directly to water.
IV. Skeleton/Support
1. Spicules- needle-like
pieces of calcium
carbonate or silica.
All different shapes
& sizes
2.
Spongin- flexible
protein fibers found
in the sponge
skeleton
ex:bath sponge
V. Excretionremoval of wastes
from body
1. Wastes removed
from body by
amoebocytes.
2. Released to
spongocoel & out
osculum.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.rutgers.edu/
~gb102/lab_1/porifera/sponge_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http:
//bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_1/porifera/sponge_animation.h
tml&usg=__RYJg9379B6PSO0d4IaeJ1cEZp6s=&h=432&w=43
2&sz=78&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=cGliBdN9G1zbTM:&tb
nh=126&tbnw=126&ei=pJBlTrqTNYO6tgeXhtGECg&prev=/sear
ch%3Fq%3Damoebocytes%2Banimation%26um%3D1%26hl%3
Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4ACGW_enUS313US314%26tb
m%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1
VI. Reproduction
1. Asexual- without
using sperm & egg
a. Regenerationbroken pieces of
sponge regrow
into entire new
sponge.
b. Budding- small buds break off &
continue to grow until adulthood.
c. Gemmules- masses of amoebocytes form
on parent in winter. Amoebocytes
become all other cells when released
to form a new sponge.
2. Sexual- with sperm and
egg.
a. Monoecioushermaphrodites;
produce sperm & egg
in same organism.
1. Do not make or
release sperm & egg at
same time.
Prevents selffertilization.
2. Self-fertilization
is like inbreeding. Does
not promote good
genetic diversity.
VII. 3 Body Forms
1.Ascon
a. Simplest
b. Vase-like body
c. EX: Leucosolenia
2.Sycon
a. More complex than ascon.
b. Folded body wall
c. More choanocytes
= more food
d. EX: Grantia
3.Leucona. Complex body wall
b. Many oscula
c. Even more choanocytes
= more food
d. EX: bath
sponge
VIII. Classification
Based on type of spicules (different
shape of spicules indicates
different species)
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Porifera
Class Calcarea- spicules
of calcium carbonate; needle-like
or 3-4 rays.
Class Hexactinellidaespicules of silica with 6 rays
Class Demospongiaespicules of silica or spongin; bath
sponge
IX. Economic/Environmental
Importance
1. Filter & clean water.
2. Control some animal
populations by eating excess
larvae.
3. Bath sponges sold for
cleaning, exfoliating, personal
hygiene, etc.
4. Part of food chain
5. Provide habitat for many
types of animals.
DAILY QUIZ #3
1. The cells that capture food for the sponge are
called
a. Pinacocytes
b. Choanocytes
c. amoebocytes
2. The center cavity of the sponge is
a. Osculum
b. Mesohyl
c. spongocoel
b. With gills
c. By diffusion
3. Sponges breathe
a. With lungs
4. The jelly-like middle layer of the sponge is
a. Mesohyl
b. Mesoderm
c. spongy
5. Human : red blood cell :: Sponge :
a. spicule
b. Amoebocyte
c. osculum
Links for WebQuests
• http://lcmrschool.org/HS/Roth/Biology_ani
mate/Ch26/ActiveArt/structure_of_a_spong
e.swf
• http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/z
ool250/animations/Porifera.swf