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Name: ______________________ Date: _______________ Block: ___________ Anatomical Orientation and Terminology Part I Objective 1. To define anatomical position, and to use directional terms to locate the position of one body part relative to another. 2. To explain the tree kinds of body planes used to study human anatomy. 3. To name the location of the major body cavities and sub-cavities, and indicate important organs in each. 4. To use the regional terms to locate specific body areas. I. Anatomical Position Study the front facing diagram in figure 1.5 (p. 16). The individual in this figure is in anatomical position. Note the position of the hands (palms forward) and the feet (toes pointed straight ahead with feet flat on the ground), and that the subject is upright and facing directly forward. Anatomical position is the standard position that we use as a reference point for all anatomical descriptions, locations, and directions. All directional terms assume that the body is in anatomical position when they are used, regardless of the position the body is actually in. If we stand on our heads, our skull is still considered to be superior to our torso, not inferior to it, even though in actuality we are “upside down”. II. Directional Terminology Directional terms are usually found in pairs because they show the directional location of a body part in relation to the body as a whole. Use Table 1.1 (p. 15) to learn the following terms. Next to each set of terms, write a description in your own words that will help you remember them. 1. superior vs. inferior - 2. anterior vs. posterior - 3. ventral vs. dorsal 4. medial vs. lateral - 5. proximal vs. distal 6. superficial vs. deep – Name: ______________________ Date: _______________ Block: ___________ Now practice the above directional terms by describing the following relationships: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. The thumb is ________________________________ to the ring finger The spine is _________________________________ to the stomach The ear is __________________________________ to the eye The eyes are _________________________________ to the ears The femur is _________________________________ to the thigh muscles The lungs are _________________________________ to the heart The shoulder is ________________________________ to the elbow The nose is ___________________________________ to the mouth The heart is _________________________________ to the spinal cord III. Regional Terms Study Fig. 1.5 (p. 16). You are responsible for learning both the proper anatomical term and the common name of all of the body regions in figure 1.5. Make certain you understand how the different terms relate to one another. After identifying these terms in the textbook, have a classmate quiz you on these terms as you locate them on lab models or on your body without looking at the textbook. Now test your understanding by matching these common names with the correct anatomical term: 1. 2. 3. 4. Neck ____________________ 5. Back of knee___________________ Armpit __________________ 6. Thigh ________________________ Breastbone _______________ 7. Calf _________________________ Buttocks __________________8. Breastbone ___________________ Name: ______________________ Date: _______________ Block: ___________ Anatomical Orientation and Terminology Part II Objective 1. To define anatomical position, and to use directional terms to locate the position of one body part relative to another. 2. To explain the tree kinds of body planes used to study human anatomy. 3. To name the location of the major body cavities and sub-cavities, and indicate important organs in each. 4. To use the regional terms to locate specific body areas. IV. Sectional Terminology A slice extending through a body or an organ produces an imaginary division called a plane. The plane we slice through will determine how we are viewing the structure. Using figure 1.6 (p. 18) as a guide, identify each of the following planes on your own body. Next to each of these terms, write a description (or draw a sketch) that will help you remember them. 1. Sagittal plane - 2. Median (mid-sagittal) plane - 3. Frontal plane - 4. Transverse plane IV. Body Cavities Use figure 1.7 (p. 20) to identify the following body cavities. In the spaces below, write the major organs contained in each cavity (you do not need to write every organ; 3 or 4 is enough). Dorsal body cavities: - cranial cavity contains ________________________________________________ - spinal cavity contains ________________________________________________ Ventral body cavities: - thoracic cavity contain ________________________________________________ - abdominal cavity contains _____________________________________________ Name: ______________________ Date: _______________ Block: ___________ - pelvic cavity contains _________________________________________________ The abdominopelvic cavity can either be divided into nine regions or four quadrants. Identify these divisions and the major organs they contain using figure 1.8 and 1.9 (p. 20 and 21). Regions (used mainly by anatomists): - umbilical region contains ____________________________________________ - right lumbar region contains ___________________________________ - left lumbar region contains _____________________________________ - epigastric region contains ____________________________________________ - right hypochondriac region contains ___________________________________ - left hypochondriac region contains ____________________________________ - hypogastric region contains ____________________________________ - right illiac region contains ___________________________________ - left illiac region contains ____________________________________ Quadrants (used mainly by medical personnel) - right upper quadrant contains __________________________________________ - left upper quadrant contains ___________________________________________ - right lower quadrant contains __________________________________________ - left lower quadrant contains ____________________________________________ Now test your understanding of the body cavities by completing the exercise below. Match the body cavities that would have to be opened during the listed surgical procedure (more than one choice may apply): (a) abdominopelvic (b) thoracic (c) spinal (d) cranial _____ Removal of a diseased lobe of the lung _____ Removal of a brain tumor _____ Operation on the liver _____ Triple bypass surgery on the heart _____ Removal of a segment of the large intestine