Download The burden of animal bites among humans and control measures in

Asiimwe Grace Karimu, F. Monje, D. Mugabi, H. Mulondo,
C. Odong, H. Kazoora , T. Odoch, C. Ohuobunwo, K.
Ssemogerere

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussions

Conclusion

Recommendations

Humans acquire rabies through bites by infected animals.

Domestic dogs are most important source of infection to
humans with more than 95% of human cases

Although human rabies encephalitis remains untreatable
the infection is preventable

In 2010, Uganda reported 12,718 cases and 203 deaths
from rabies with 82 (0.6%) cases from Mubende district.

About 23% of land covered by forests
General objective.

To describe the burden of animal bites in
humans and possible control measures
Specific objectives

Describe the burden of animal bite cases by
person place and time

Identify possible control measures in place

Cross sectional study design

Abstracted data from HMIS 031 registers at
Mubende regional referral hospital (MRRH) and
Veterinary department records.

Conducted community survey from selected
subcounties.

Data analysed using Epi info version 5.3.1
software
Veterinary
Records
Medical
records



In 2010 and 2011, 563 patients reported
animal bites from 15 subcounties to MRRH
with less than 1% first reporting to vet.
Majority of the bites were due to dogs 540
(96%)
Others; cats 12 (2.1%), jackals 5 (0.9%), goats
3 (0.5%), humans 3 (0.5%).
75.2
Incidence per10,000population
80
70
60
50
39.8
40
30
20
17.8
12.1
10
0
Sub county
Incidence per 10,000 population
14.2

Patients aged 3 months to 84 years.

Females 293 (52%) most affected.

Only 541 (96.1%) patients treated with post
exposure rabies vaccine

Only 125 (23.1%) of the patients received the
recommended 2-3 vaccine doses.

March and August with high incidences
45
40
39
No. of animal bites reported.
40
35
32
30
25
2010
20
17
2011
14
15
10
5
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Months
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
28.3
30
Percentage of animal bites
25
20
15
Percentage cases
10
5
0
0–9
10 -19
20 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49
Age group
50 – 59
60 - 69
70 - 79
80 - 89

Children (10 - 19yrs) more prone to animal
bites.

School going children most affected

Stray dogs seen in communities visited

Stray dog bites common.

Weak departmental collaboration (Hospital,
medical and veterinary dep'ts)
Only 28% of the respondents had knowledge on
rabies

Animal bites and human rabies in Mubende
primarily due to stray dogs.

Post exposure prophylaxis is currently
inadequate.

Limited community knowledge on rabies

Irregular control strategies

District recruit Veterinary staff

MAAIF provide vaccines to district for mass
vaccination of pets

Vet Sensitise communities/schools on rabies

Training of VHT to report on zoonoses.

Killing any stray dogs in the community

Strengthening the bond between Health and
Veterinary dep'ts (One Health) in the district
Sensitisation of communities on rabies
Kasambya subcounty
Kiyuni subcounty

Mubende district local government

MRRH

MUK-COVAB

MAAIF

AFENET

USAID - RESPOND