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Name: _______________________________________ Chapter 8 Section 1 and 2 Vocabulary and Notes As you read, look for the following topics and write a brief description explaining these topics. 1. Describe the event that began the Civil war. Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor was under Union control. Lincoln wanted to resupply the fort with supplies and men. April 12, 1861 Confederate Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard opened fire on the fort and Union Major Anderson returned fire. 36 hours later, Anderson surrendered. This event officially began the Civil War. Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia seceded and joined the Confederacy. The capital moved from Montgomery, AL to Richmond, VA. Alexander Stephens called it “the War between the States.” Southerner’s called it the “War of Northern Aggression” 2. List and describe some advantages and disadvantages of the North and the South. North South Advantages Population – 22 million people Factories -100,000 Transportation -31,000 miles of railroad tracks to connect cities and factories 67% of farms in the country 75% of nations wealth Monetary system in place Established military and government Best military leaders War was fought in the South Familiar with territory Experience with horses and guns Strong Belief in cause Disadvantages Inexperienced military leaders War was fought away from home Unfamiliar with terrain Not experienced with horses and guns Not as strong a belief in the cause as in the South Population – 9 million people and 3.5 million were slaves, that left about 6 million whites, Only about 800,000 healthy men to fight the war. Factories –20,000 could not supply basic needs of war Transportation – 9,000 miles of railroad tracts used to move farm products Had to create a monetary system 3. Describe the purpose of the Union blockade. Was it successful? The Union strategy was to obstruct all Confederate ports to prevent the South from exporting or importing supplies or goods. The Union also would capture the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half leaving Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana without support. This was known as the Anaconda Plan. The last part was Sherman’s march to the Sea. It was to destroy confederate armies and waste the land so that southern civilians would stop supporting the war. 4. Discuss major battles: Battle of Antietam, Battle of Chickamauga, and Battle of Atlanta Battle of Antietam – after the battle, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation Act. Battle of Chickamauga – September 19-20 Union General Rosencrans led troops against Confederate General Braxton Braggs. Braggs defeated Union forces and forced the Union back into Tennessee. Braggs did not follow Rosencrans to Tennessee and General Ulysses Grant would return with troops and eventually push through Chickamauga Battle of Atlanta – Union General Sherman pushed Confederate General Johnston back from Dalton to Atlanta, Johnson was replaced by General John Bell Hood. Sherman pushed all of July and August. Hood left the city on September 1, 1864 and the Union took over the city. When they left on November 15 they set the city on fire and began their March to the Sea. Vocabulary Terms 1. Conscription – the drafting of men to serve in the army. Used by both sides. 2. Blockade – The Union strategy to obstruct all Confederate ports to prevent the South from importing or exporting supplies 3. Ironclad – armored ships 4. Blockade runner – private ships that were supported by the Confederates that were able to slip through the blockade in and out of ports. 5. King Cotton diplomacy – The belief that if the South did not sell cotton to France and Great Britain that those countries would be forced to help the South break the blockades. 6. Emancipation Proclamation – five days after the Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln signed a document that stated that unless the South surrendered by January 1, 1863 all slaves in the South would be free. 7. Andersonville – A Confederate military prison for Union soldiers. Answer the questions on page 263 1-5 and on page 276 1-5 Page 263 1. Alexander Stephens was named vice president of the Confederacy. 2. Transportation, Population, Agriculture, Industry, and Wealth were areas where the Union’s resources outweighed the Confederacy’s 3. The purpose of the Union Blockade was to block the Confederacy from exporting and importing supplies. 4. The Anaconda Plan was to cut off Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana from the South and to strangle the Confederacy by keeping out supplies. 5. The South believed that France and Great Britain depended on their Cotton, so the King Cotton diplomacy was to cut off cotton to those countries in an effort to force them to help the Confederacy. Page 276 1. Fort Pulaski was the first battle in Georgia, April 10-11 1862. 2. The South could have maintained slavery if they would have surrendered by January 1, 1863, according to the Emancipation Proclamation Act. 3. Sherman attacked the civilian infrastructure between Atlanta and Savannah because he wanted the civilians to suffer and not support the war. 4. The mistake that Southern forces made at the Battle of Chickamauga was that Confederate General Johnston did not follow Union forces to Tennessee to continue the battle. This allowed Grant to come with extra supplies and men and begin a second campaign against Georgia. 5. Captain Henry Wirz was executed for “excessive cruelty” at Andersonville Prison because he did not provide adequate food, water, and shelter for the prisoners of war and over 13,700 Union soldiers died at the prison.