Download Chapter 8 Section1 and two vocab answer key

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Chapter 8 Section 1 and 2 Vocabulary and Notes
As you read, look for the following topics and write a brief description explaining
these topics.
1. Describe the event that began the Civil war.
Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor was under Union control. Lincoln wanted to
resupply the fort with supplies and men. April 12, 1861 Confederate Brigadier
General P.G.T. Beauregard opened fire on the fort and Union Major Anderson
returned fire. 36 hours later, Anderson surrendered. This event officially began
the Civil War.
Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia seceded and joined the
Confederacy. The capital moved from Montgomery, AL to Richmond, VA.
Alexander Stephens called it “the War between the States.”
Southerner’s called it the “War of Northern Aggression”
2. List and describe some advantages and disadvantages of the North and the
South.
North
South
Advantages
Population – 22 million people
Factories -100,000
Transportation -31,000 miles of
railroad tracks to connect cities
and factories
67% of farms in the country
75% of nations wealth
Monetary system in place
Established military and
government
Best military leaders
War was fought in the South
Familiar with territory
Experience with horses and guns
Strong Belief in cause
Disadvantages
Inexperienced military leaders
War was fought away from home
Unfamiliar with terrain
Not experienced with horses and
guns
Not as strong a belief in the cause
as in the South
Population – 9 million people and 3.5
million were slaves, that left about
6 million whites, Only about
800,000 healthy men to fight the
war.
Factories –20,000 could not supply
basic needs of war
Transportation – 9,000 miles of
railroad tracts used to move farm
products
Had to create a monetary system
3. Describe the purpose of the Union blockade. Was it successful?
The Union strategy was to obstruct all Confederate ports to prevent the South
from exporting or importing supplies or goods. The Union also would capture the
Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half leaving Texas, Arkansas, and
Louisiana without support. This was known as the Anaconda Plan. The last part was
Sherman’s march to the Sea. It was to destroy confederate armies and waste the
land so that southern civilians would stop supporting the war.
4. Discuss major battles: Battle of Antietam, Battle of Chickamauga, and Battle of
Atlanta
Battle of Antietam – after the battle, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation Act.
Battle of Chickamauga – September 19-20 Union General Rosencrans led troops
against Confederate General Braxton Braggs. Braggs defeated Union forces and
forced the Union back into Tennessee. Braggs did not follow Rosencrans to
Tennessee and General Ulysses Grant would return with troops and eventually push
through Chickamauga
Battle of Atlanta – Union General Sherman pushed Confederate General Johnston
back from Dalton to Atlanta, Johnson was replaced by General John Bell Hood.
Sherman pushed all of July and August. Hood left the city on September 1, 1864
and the Union took over the city. When they left on November 15 they set the
city on fire and began their March to the Sea.
Vocabulary Terms
1. Conscription – the drafting of men to serve in the army. Used by both sides.
2. Blockade – The Union strategy to obstruct all Confederate ports to prevent the
South from importing or exporting supplies
3. Ironclad – armored ships
4. Blockade runner – private ships that were supported by the Confederates that
were able to slip through the blockade in and out of ports.
5. King Cotton diplomacy – The belief that if the South did not sell cotton to
France and Great Britain that those countries would be forced to help the South
break the blockades.
6. Emancipation Proclamation – five days after the Battle of Antietam, President
Lincoln signed a document that stated that unless the South surrendered by
January 1, 1863 all slaves in the South would be free.
7. Andersonville – A Confederate military prison for Union soldiers.
Answer the questions on page 263 1-5 and on page 276 1-5
Page 263
1. Alexander Stephens was named vice president of the Confederacy.
2. Transportation, Population, Agriculture, Industry, and Wealth were areas where
the Union’s resources outweighed the Confederacy’s
3. The purpose of the Union Blockade was to block the Confederacy from exporting
and importing supplies.
4. The Anaconda Plan was to cut off Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana from the South
and to strangle the Confederacy by keeping out supplies.
5. The South believed that France and Great Britain depended on their Cotton, so
the King Cotton diplomacy was to cut off cotton to those countries in an effort to
force them to help the Confederacy.
Page 276
1. Fort Pulaski was the first battle in Georgia, April 10-11 1862.
2. The South could have maintained slavery if they would have surrendered by
January 1, 1863, according to the Emancipation Proclamation Act.
3. Sherman attacked the civilian infrastructure between Atlanta and Savannah
because he wanted the civilians to suffer and not support the war.
4. The mistake that Southern forces made at the Battle of Chickamauga was that
Confederate General Johnston did not follow Union forces to Tennessee to
continue the battle. This allowed Grant to come with extra supplies and men and
begin a second campaign against Georgia.
5. Captain Henry Wirz was executed for “excessive cruelty” at Andersonville Prison
because he did not provide adequate food, water, and shelter for the prisoners of
war and over 13,700 Union soldiers died at the prison.