Download Morbidity

Lecture 5
Morbidity of population as medicalsocial problem.
Epidemiological methods for studying
morbidity
Definition
•Morbidity (from Latin morbidus, meaning "sick,
unhealthy") is a diseased state, disability, or poor
health due to any cause. The term may be used to
refer to the existence of any form of disease, or to
the degree that the health condition affects the
patient
•Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or
unhealthy within a population
•Data on frequency and distribution of a illness can
aid in controlling its spread and, in some cases,
may lead to the identification of its causes
• Morbidity is one of the major criteria characterizing
health of the population. The morbidity is an
indicator characterizing prevalence, structure and
dynamics of the registered illnesses among the
population in whole or in its separate groups (age,
sex, territorial, professional, etc.) and serving one of
the criteria of work assessment of a doctor, medical
institution, public health services unit.
• As the object of scientific research and practical
activities of public health services establishments
morbidity represents a complex system of relative
concepts:
Morbidity represents a complex
system of relative concepts:
 Incidence (primary disease incidence) – frequency of the new,
nowhere recorded before and revealed for the first time in the
given calendar year, diseases among the population;
 prevalence (morbidity, accumulated disease prevalence) –
frequency of all diseases existing among the population, both
revealed for the first time in the given calendar year, and registered
in previous years because of which the patient has appealed for
medical aid in the given year again;
 incidence of the diseases revealed at medical inspection
(pathological affection, point prevalence) – frequency of pathology
among the population, determined at carrying out of single
medical inspections (examinations); as a result, all the diseases are
considered, as well as premorbid forms and conditions.
A modern condition of health of the
Ukrainian population is characterized
by major trends:
• Is growing prevalence and morbidity of most
classes primary diseases;
• Is growing the frequency of transition of acute
to chronic diseases;
In the study of morbidity according to
the data seeking medical help are
distinguished those of its types:
• 1. Overall morbidity - a record of all diseases
which are registered in the population defined
territory for a certain period;
• 2 . Infectious diseases - special account of acute
illnesses associated with the operational
necessity of anti-epidemic measures;
• 3 . The incidence of major diseases nonepidemic
subject to special accounting as a result of the
epidemiological and social values ​(malignant
neoplasms, tuberculosis, venereal, mental illness,
etc.):
• 4 . Hospital or "hospitalized" incidence enables
us to trace the composition of patients who were
treated in the hospital;
• 5 . Morbidity with temporary disability of
workers and employees released as a result of its
social and economic impact.
Registration for non-epidemic
diseases, there are two main
documents:
• 1. Are reports of patients who for the first
time a diagnosis of active tuberculosis,
venereal disease, Trichophyton, Microsporum,
favuse, scabies, trachoma, mental illness (form
number 089/o).
• 2. Are reports of patients for the first time
ever diagnosis of cancer or other malignant
neoplasms (form number 089/o).
Morbidity -Indicators
• Number of persons contracting a disease
during a given time period per 1000
population at risk
• Refers only to new cases during a defined
period
Infectious diseases
• Compulsory registration and accounting shall be
such diseases: typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever,
and other infections caused by salmonella,
brucellosis, all forms of dysentery and several
others. The list of diseases that changes
periodically, regulates MHC of Ukraine.
• Special accounting is also provided for the
detected infected and AIDS patients, who are
regulated by special instructions and
methodological documents.
• The unit of observation in the study of infectious
diseases is every case of the disease or a
suspicion on him. In identifying them filled
"Urgent message about infectious disease, food,
acute professional poisoning" (Form number
058/o), then is the basic document for the study
of epidemic morbidity.
• All urgent messages should be sent within 12
hours in the sanitary-epidemiological service.
Non-epidemic diseases
Alongside with the obligatory registering of infectious
disease the special registration of the major nonepidemic diseases, to which tuberculosis, venereal
diseases, mycoses, trachoma, etc belong. Some of them
are considered both as infectious diseases, and as the
major non-epidemic illnesses. The organization of the
special registration of some diseases is connected by the
fact, as a rule, that they demand early revealing, total
examination of patients, their dispensary registration,
constant supervision over them and special treatment,
and in some cases –revealing of contacts as well.
Morbidity of most important no
epidemic diseases
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malignant neoplasms;
mental diseases;
venereal disease;
active tuberculosis;
severe mycosis.
Registration for non-epidemic
diseases, there are two main
documents:
• 1. Are reports of patients who for the first
time a diagnosis of active tuberculosis,
venereal disease, Trichophyton, Microsporum,
favuse, scabies, trachoma, mental illness (form
number 089/o).
• 2. Are reports of patients for the first time
ever diagnosis of cancer or other malignant
neoplasms (form number 089/o).
Hospital morbidity indicators:
• Frequency of hospitalization;
• Hospitalization rates by age, sex, place of
residence;
• Structure of hospitalization;
• The average duration of the treatment.