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The scientific study of matter in outer space, especially the positions, dimensions,
distribution, motion, composition, energy, and evolution of celestial bodies and
phenomena.
The study of anything in space.
• Stars
– Dwarfs
• Red, White, Black, Brown, L, T
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Neutron
Black Holes
Super Giants
Constellations
• Astrology
• Solar Systems
– Planets
A celestial object composed of gas held together by its own gravity and supported
by nuclear fusion occurring in its interior.
A self-luminous celestial body consisting of a mass of gas held together by its
own gravity in which the energy generated by nuclear reactions in the
interior is balanced by the outflow of energy to the surface, and the inwarddirected gravitational forces are balanced by the outward-directed gas and
radiation pressures.
Any of the celestial bodies visible at night from Earth as relatively stationary,
usually twinkling points of light.
Something regarded as resembling such a celestial body.
Something pretty in the sky
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Binary Stars
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Black Dwarf
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It is a star whose mass is too small to have fusion occur at its core because the temperature and pressure
there are too insufficient. It is also not very luminous.
Galaxy
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It is what remains of a super collapsed star, whose gravitational pull is so great that no light can escape.
Brown Dwarf
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It is the remains of a dead white dwarf star after its heat is radiated into space.
Black Hole
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They are pairs of stars moving in orbit around their common centre of mass. They are also known as double
stars. An optical pair appears to be double because two stars lie in the viewer's line of vision. Examples of
double stars are Phakt in Columba and Arcus in Crux.
It is a system of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity. There are three basic types: spiral, elliptical,
and irregular.
A spiral galaxy is a flattened, discus-shaped collection of stars, having a central bulge. Examples include the
Milky Way and Andromeda.
An elliptical galaxy ranges in shape from a sphere to a flattened globe. Examples include the Sagittarius
Dwarf and M31.
An irregular galaxy has no pattern of shape. Examples include the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small
Magellanic Cloud.
Main-Sequence Stars
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It is an ordinary star, one of about 90% of the stars that can be seen from Earth. It is much smaller than a
giant star. It burns hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion within itself. An example is our Sun.
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Nebula
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It is a cloud of gas or dust, and is considered to be the birthplace of a new star. There are three basic types:
emission, reflection, and dark.
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An emission nebula glows brightly because its gas is energized by the stars formed within it. An example is
the Orion Nebula.
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A reflection nebula is one in which sunlight reflects off the grains of dust within it. An example is the one
which surrounds stars of the Pleides cluster.
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A dark nebula is a dense cloud of molecular hydrogen which absorbs light behind it. Examples are the
Horsehead Nebula in Sagittarius and the Crab Nebula in Taurus.
Neutron Star
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Nova
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It is a rapidly spinning neutron star that emits pulses of energy.
Quasar
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It is a star that brightens suddenly, lasts a few days, fades away, and returns to its normal state.
Pulsar
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It is the tiniest star, having collapsed into a superdense state. It is thought to have formed when a large star
exploded as a supernova.
It is a quasistellar object, very far away and very bright. It gives off more energy than one hundred giant
galaxies.
Red Giant
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It is a large, bright star, many times larger than the Sun, but with a cool surface. It is believed to be in the
end stage of its life cycle. Examples are Aldebaran in Taurus and Ras Algethi in Hercules.
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Star Colours
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Supergiant
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It is a star whose brightness changes. This is usually caused by pulsations within it.
Examples of variable stars are Polaris in Ursa Minor (Cepheid) and R Centauri in Centaurus
(Mira).
White Dwarf
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It is an exploding supergiant, being the death of a star. The Crab Nebula was formed by a
supernova.
Variable Star
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It is the largest and most luminous type of star, being a dying star. It has used up its
hydrogen fuel and has begun to expand and cool. Examples are Antares in Scorpius and
Betelgeuse in Orion.
Supernova
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They are, in descending order of temperature, greenish, blue, blue-white, yellowish-white,
yellow, orange-yellow, orange-red, red, infrared.
It is a very dense, small, hot star in the last stage of its life. It occurs when a red giant sheds
its outer layers as a planetary nebula. The electrons and protons have been packed as
closely as possible by gravity. An example of the white dwarf is the Pup, companion star of
Sirius in Canis major.
Wolf-Rayet Star
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It is a hot, luminous star that is rapidly losing mass in a wind. It represents a late stage in the
life of massive stars.
A star, such as the sun, having relatively low mass, small size, and
average or below average luminosity.
They following are a list of different type of dwarfs stars and an example of each.
Red Dwarfs
Ex-Barnard's star
White Dwarfs
Ex-Sirius B
Black Dwarfs
Ex-none in our universe
Brown Dwarfs
Ex-Gliese 229 B
L Dwarfs
Ex-A cooler Brown Dwarf
T Dwarfs
Ex-A cooler Brown Dwarf
Yellow Dwarf
Ex-Our Sun
It is the tiniest star, having collapsed into a superdense state. It is thought to
have formed when a large star exploded as a supernova.
A star that has collapsed under its own gravity; it is composed of neutrons
A small, highly dense star composed almost entirely of tightly packed neutrons;
radius about 10 km.
It is what remains of a super collapsed star, whose gravitational pull is so
great that no light can escape.
An area of space-time with a gravitational field so intense that its escape velocity is
equal to or exceeds the speed of light.
A mass that has collapsed to such a small volume that its gravity prevents the
escape of all radiation; also, the volume of space from which radiation may not
escape.
It is the largest and most luminous type of star, being a dying star. It has
used up its hydrogen fuel and has begun to expand and cool. Examples
are Antares in Scorpius and Betelgeuse in Orion.
Any of various very large bright stars, such as Betelgeuse or Rigel, having
a luminosity that is thousands of times greater than that of the sun.
Exceptionally luminous star 10 to 1000 times the sun’s diameter.
An arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure or design, especially one of 88
recognized groups named after characters from classical mythology and various
common animals and objects.
One of the stellar patterns identified by name, usually of mythological gods, people,
animals, or objects; also, the region of the sky containing that star pattern.
An area of the celestial sphere occupied by one of the 88 recognized constellations.
A picture in the sky made up of stars.
Andromeda
Antilia
Apus
Aquarius
Aquila
Ara
Aries
Auriga
Bootes
Caelum
Camelopardalis
Cancer
Canes Venatici
Canis Major
Canis Minor
Capricornus
Carina
Cassiopeia
Centaurus
Cepheus
Cetus
Chamaeleon
Circinus
Columba
Coma Berenices
Corona Australis
Corona Borealis
Corvus
Crater
Crux
Cygnus
Delphinus
Dorado
Draco
Equuleus
Eridanus
Fornax
Gemini
Grus
Hercules
Horologium
Hydra
Hydrus
Indus
Lacerta
Leo
Leo Minor
Lepus
Libra
Lupus
Lynx
Lyra
Mensa
Microscopiums
Monoceros
Musca
Norma
Octans
Ophiuchus
Orion
Pavo
Pegasus
Perseus
Phoenix
Pictor
Pisces
Piscis Austrinus
Puppis
Pyxis
Reticulum
Sagitta
Sagittarius
Scorpius
Sculptor
Scutum
Serpens Caput/Cauda
Sextants
Taurus
Telescopium
Triangulum
Triangulum Australe
Tucana
Ursa Major
Ursa Minor
Vela
Virgo
Volans
Vulpecula
A belt-shaped region in the heavens on either side to the
ecliptic; divided into 12 constellations or signs for
astrological purposes
A circular diagram representing the 12 zodiacal constellations
and showing their signs
A band of the celestial sphere extending about 8° to either
side of the ecliptic that represents the path of the
principal planets, the moon, and the sun.
In astrology, this band divided into 12 equal parts called
signs, each 30° wide, bearing the name of a constellation
for which it was originally named but with which it no
longer coincides owing to the precession of the
equinoxes.
A diagram or figure representing the zodiac.
Name
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Aries
Taurus
Gemini
Cancer
Leo
Virgo
Libra
Scorpio
Sagittarius
Capricorn
Aquarius
Pisces
Symbolizes
Birthdays
The Ram
March 21-April 19
The Bull
April 20-May 20
The Twins
May 21-June 20
The Crab
June 21-July 22
The Lion
July 23-August 22
The Virgin
August 23-September 22
The Balance
September 23-October 22
The Scorpion
October 23-November 21
The Archer
November 22-December 21
The Goat
December 22-January 19
The Water Bearer January 20-February 18
The Fishes
February 19-March 20
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Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Neptune
Uranus
Pluto
References
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http://dictionary.reference.com/
http://members.aol.com/bobalien99/stardiff.htm
Seeds, Michael. Foundations of Astronomy. 8th. Canada: Thomas Learning, Inc,
2005.
http://vegas.astronomynv.org/Tutorials/Twinkle.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf
http://www.answers.com/black%20dwarf%20
http://uanews.org/cgibin/WebObjects/UANews.woa/8/wa/SRStoryDetails?ArticleID=12395
http://www.innvista.com/science/astronomy/types.htm
http://www.skynightly.com/images/brown-dwarf-pair-bg.jpg
http://loonix.technigga.net/stars.jpg
Sasaki, Chris. The Constellations Stars & Stories. New York: Sterling Publishing Co.,
Inc, 2003.
http://www.people.memphis.edu/~jschmelz/images/03_Constellation_Orion.jpg
http://library.thinkquest.org/12523/media/Star_SG.jpg
http://images.usatoday.com/tech/_photos/2006/05/02/neutron.jpg
http://www.ccsd.k12.wy.us/Scie.../images/solar_system_small.gif
References Continued
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http://www.panoptikum.net/sonnensystem/sun.jpg
http://www.dl.ket.org/latin1/things/planets/images/mercury.jpg
http://www.drfreund.net/bigfiles/images/titlepics_solarsystem/venus_total.jpg
http://www.d21c.com/AAALynx/CB/pl/earth.jpg
http://lexikon.astronomie.ch/mars/img/im-mars.jpg
http://cecelia.physics.indiana.edu/life/nineplanets/jupiter3.gif
http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/space/10/25/Saturn.moons/saturn.jpg
http://www.b22.de/gallery/BRehse/Web/Uranus.jpg
http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/media/spotlight/images/neptune.jpg
http://www.b22.de/gallery/BRehse/Web/Pluto.jpg
http://www.capricorn007.com/zodiac2.html
Lehner, Ernst and Johanna. Astrology and Astronomy: A Pictorial Archive of
Signs and Symbols. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc, 2005.