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2016 REPORT The Alberta Capital Market M AY 2 0 1 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 2. Listed Issuer Markets Listed Reporting Issuers Foreign Reporting Issuers Focus on Listed Reporting Issuers Principally Regulated in Alberta Analysis of Financings 3. Prospectus-Exempt Markets Issuers in the Prospectus-Exempt Market Prospectus-Exempt Financings by Alberta Issuers Investments in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Albertans 4.Registration 5. Energy Markets 6. Appendix: Methodology Listed Issuer Markets 1 5 5 14 16 20 23 23 25 29 34 36 37 37 ABOUT THIS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Executive Summary About this Report The Alberta Capital Market Report is an annual publication by the Alberta Securities Commission (ASC) that provides a descriptive analysis of the Alberta capital market in relation to other major Canadian capital markets. The report offers market context for ASC staff, market participants, and the general public. It includes analysis of both publicly-available and regulatory data, such as prospectus-exempt financings and Alberta registrants. The report draws on information from ASC records, the TMX Group Limited (TMX), the System of Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR), and Bloomberg Finance L.P. (a financial information service). Combining these sources allow analysis of: • all listed reporting issuers1 (RIs) on the basis of principal regulator2 (PR); • prospectus and prospectus-exempt financings; • the Alberta registrant community; and • energy commodity contracts transacted in Alberta. The Appendix outlines the methodology used to assemble the combined data of reporting issuers. Alberta Issuers Alberta-based issuers experienced the effects of low commodity prices in 2015, generally resulting in lower total market capitalization and financings. Chart 1 shows the number of active Alberta PR reporting issuers listed on an exchange, which would be considered by many investors to be the “public market.” In 2015, the ASC had primary regulatory responsibility for 531 such issuers3. Alberta PR reporting issuers represented 14 per cent of the total 3,858 reporting issuers in Alberta listed on at least one exchange, with a total market capitalization of $668 billion or 21 per cent of all reporting issuers in Canada. The market capitalization of all listed Alberta PR issuers declined 19 per cent during the year, although of these issuers, the domestic issuers with Alberta as PR declined 25 per cent in 2015. Oil and Gas Issuers remained the largest industry in Alberta, with a combined market capitalization of $372 billion, which was nearly three times large than the next largest industry, Utilities and Pipelines at $128 billion. References in this report to reporting issuers means reporting issuers that report in Alberta. There are several ways that an issuer may be a “reporting issuer” as defined in the Securities Act (Alberta), under section 1 (ccc). Reporting issuers are not required to have listed securities, although reporting issuers typically do have one or more securities listed on at least one exchange. In addition, issuers are not required to report in all jurisdictions. 2 An issuer’s “principal regulator” is the securities regulatory authority or regulator as determined in Multilateral Instrument 11-102 Passport System. Most often an issuer’s PR is the securities regulatory authority or regulator of the province or territory in which the issuer has its head office (or for investment funds in which the investment fund manager has its head office), or to which it has the most significant connection. 3 Unlisted reporting issuers (128 with Alberta PR at December 31, 2015) have not been included because they are not part of the public market and their market capitalization cannot be determined. However, unlisted issuers raising funds under a reportable prospectus exemption have been included in the analysis of the prospectus-exempt market. Listed reporting issuers that were cease traded, and therefore not available to be traded, have also been excluded. 1 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ABOUT THIS REPORT 2011 Chart 1: Number of Alberta Issuers 2012 2013 2015 AB PR Listed Reporting Issuers 800 AB non-RI Distributing in Prospectus-Exempt Market 715 Number of Issuers 2014 693 600 656 606 563 508 493 484 531 383 400 200 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Issuers Chart 1 also illustrates the number of non-reporting (and unlisted) issuers headquartered in Alberta that actively AB PR Listed Reporting Issuers 800 raised capital under an available prospectus exemption during the year. Many investors would refer to this as the AB non-RI Distributing in Prospectus-Exempt Market 715 “prospectus-exempt market” or “private 693 market.” In 2015, there were at least 383 Alberta-based, non-reporting issuers active in the prospectus-exempt market4. Also note 656 that listed reporting issuers regularly access capital 606 121 were active in the exempt through the prospectus-exempt market. Of the 531 Alberta PR reporting issuers, 600 market. In 2015, there 563 were a total of 914 active issuers in the Alberta market (either listed on an 531exchange or 508 raising capital in the exempt market) under the jurisdiction of the ASC, down from 18 per cent from 1,114 in 493 484 2014. The general decline over the last five years in the number of active Alberta issuers, could be due to a variety of reasons, including consolidation among listed issuers, take-overs by foreign entities, or going-private 383 400 transactions, in which cases the issuer may cease to be a reporting issuer. Consolidation may be reflected in the average market capitalization of Alberta PR reporting issuers, which was $1,257 million in 2015, down a more modest 7.8 per cent (compared with the decline in market capitalization) from $1,363 million in 2014. 200 The effects of commodity prices (more correctly, commodity price expectations) were also reflected in financings generally for Alberta issuers. There are numerous ways that issuers may raise capital from investors, including through a prospectus or an available prospectus exemption. For example, prospectuses may be for initial 0 public offerings (IPOs) or subsequent financings for issuers already listed on an exchange, and there are many prospectus exemptions such as the frequently used accredited investor exemption5. As shown in Chart 2, Alberta issuers raised $19.3 billion in 2015, which was down 35 per cent from $29.6 billion in 2014. The chart shows that Alberta PR reporting issuers listed on the TSX or TSXV raised $11.3 billion in 2015 (excluding “private placements” of listed securities to avoid double counting of the prospectus-exempt financings which would be reported to the ASC). The chart also shows the total capital raised by Alberta-based issuers in the exempt market (whether listed or unlisted) was $8.0 billion in 2015. It is important to note this total is not complete as investment fund issuers that raised capital via exempt distributions in 2014 may report any time up to 30 days following the its fiscal year-end6. Non-reporting issuers do not have a “principal regulator.” Thus, this report used the location of the issuer’s head office, as identified on regulatory filings. See National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions for the most commonly available exemptions. 6 On April 7, 2016 the ASC published amendments to National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions, which will change the reporting requirement for investment funds to any time up to 30 days following December 31 each year. The amendments come into force June 30, 2016. 4 5 2 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION ABOUT THIS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chart 2: Total Financings by Alberta Issuers, Reporting and Prospectus Exempt Alberta Issuers - Prospectus Exempt Total Financings ($ Billions) 30 20 Alberta PR Issuers on TSX and TSXV 29.6B 27.2B 13.2B 27.6B 13.9B 21.3B 13.1B 19.3B 10.8B 10 14.0B 13.7B 2011 2012 8.0B 16.5B 11.3B 10.6B 0 2013 2014 2015 Chart 3 considers financings by Oil and Gas issuers specifically. Total financings in 2015 in the prospectusexempt market and the listed market by Alberta issuers totaled $13.3 billion, down 25 per cent from $17.8 billion in 2014. The decline was similar in both markets, with the prospectus-exempt financings down 27 per cent and prospectus-based financings down 24 per cent. However, it is worth noting that financings in 2015 by Oil and Gas issuers were 40 per cent greater than in 2013, when financings totaled $9.5 billion. Chart 3: Total Oil and Gas Financings by Alberta Issuers, Reporting and Prospectus Exempt 20 Alberta Issuers - Prospectus Exempt Alberta PR Issuers on TSX and TSXV 17.8B Total Financings ($ Billions) 17.3B 15.5B 15 8.2B 8.1B 13.3B 7.9B 6.0B 9.5B 10 5.4B 5 9.2B 9.7B 7.7B 7.4B 4.1B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ABOUT THIS REPORT Alberta Registrants In general, market participants that are in the business of trading or advising in securities or managing investment funds are subject to the registration requirement. Firms are usually principally regulated by the securities regulatory authority in the jurisdiction where the firm’s head office is located, similar to the principal regulator concept for reporting issuers. As of the date of this report, there were 124 firms principally regulated by the ASC, the same as in 2015. Of these firms, 55 were registered in one category, 20 registered in two categories and 49 in three categories. The most common category of registration was Investment Fund Manager, with 69 firms, followed by the Exempt Market Dealer Category with 68 firms, the Portfolio Manager category with 49 firms registered, the Restricted Portfolio Manager category with 34 firms and six firms registered in the Mutual Fund Dealer category. Energy Markets The Oil and Gas industry (56 per cent) and related Utilities and Pipelines industry (19 per cent) accounted for 75 per cent of the market capitalization of Alberta PR issuers. The number of issuers in the Oil and Gas industry represented 49 per cent and related Utilities and Pipelines 2.4 per cent of the total number of Alberta PR issuers. These proportions were smaller than 2014 when the Oil and Gas industry accounted for 59 per cent of the market capitalization of Alberta PR issuers and the Utilities and Pipelines industry accounted for 20 per cent, or 79 per cent combined. However, the proportion of the number of issuers was similar to 2014, with the Oil and Gas industry making up 50 per cent of all Alberta PR issuers and Utilities and Pipelines account for 2.5 per cent. In Alberta, there is an active energy trading market. As an indication of this activity, the total energy contracts transacted on NGX (Natural Gas Exchange Inc., part of the TMX Group Limited) in 2015 was 12,361 PJ (petajoules), down 2.7 per cent from 12,705 PJ in 2014. (Note, this decline was considerably less than the decline in market capitalization or financing activity of Oil and Gas issuers. This is because the trading of contracts by Oil and Gas issuers is related more to oil and gas production, which increased by about four per cent in 2015, based on National Energy Board statistics.) The bulk of trading continued to be Physical Canadian Natural Gas (contracts with physical settlement), which accounted for 89 per cent of total trading on NGX in 2015. The second largest volume of trading was in Physical U.S. Natural Gas at 6.5 per cent of the total. 4 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS LISTED ISSUER MARKETS 2. Listed Issuer Markets This section provides a comparative analysis of the number and size of the listed reporting issuers in Canada and financings in the public market. The analysis includes all issuers listed on the TSX and TSXV, as well as issuers listed on other exchanges that are reporting issuers7 in Alberta. The information was based on data from the TMX, supplemented with data from the ASC, SEDAR, and Bloomberg. Creating more a comprehensive dataset required some assumptions, such as industry classifications, which are discussed where relevant. The report’s Appendix contains technical details on methodology and some analysis of the assumptions made. All data is based on calendar year-end and monetary amounts originally in a foreign currency were converted to Canadian dollars based on the prevailing spot foreign exchange rate as of December 31, 2015. Listed Reporting Issuers Chart 4: Number of Listed Reporting Issuers, by PR 4,190 4,000 Number of Issuers 715 17% 4,264 693 16% AB 4,146 656 16% 4,022 606 15% 3,858 531 14% BC ON QC Other 3,000 1,648 39% 1,694 40% 1,656 40% 1,581 39% 1,502 39% 1,421 34% 1,471 34% 1,455 35% 1,492 37% 1,445 37% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2,000 1,000 0 Chart 4 shows the number of listed reporting issuers over the last five calendar years, with a breakdown by the largest four PRs – Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec – and the remaining Canadian jurisdictions grouped into Other. In 2015, 531 reporting issuers had an Alberta PR, which represented 14 per cent of the total 3,858 listed reporting issuers. This proportion exhibited a decline from a five-year high of 17 per cent in 2011. British Columbia continued to have the greatest number of listed reporting issuers, as in each of the past five years, with 1,502 issuers (39 per cent). By comparison, Ontario had 1,445 issuers (37 per cent) and Québec had 237 issuers (6.1 per cent). Also noteworthy in Chart 4 is that the number of reporting issuers in Canada has declined each year since 2012, including by 4.1 per cent in 2015. The number of Alberta PR issuers declined more rapidly than the average in each of the last two years, including a 5.0 per cent decline in 2015. See footnote 1. 7 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 5 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS Chart 5: Market Capitalization at December 31 of Listed Reporting Issuers, by PR 3,095B Market Capitalization ($ Billions) 3,000 2,607B 2,000 1,000 730B 28% 1,163B 45% 0 2011 2,723B 758B 28% 1,235B 45% 889B 29% 1,426B 46% 3,278B 826B 25% AB 3,149B BC 668B 21% ON QC Other 1,570B 48% 1,635B 52% 357B 13% 463B 15% 564B 17% 562B 18% 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 5 shows that the market capitalization of all listed reporting issuers in Canada (including foreignbased issuers) decreased slightly (3.9 per cent) in 2015 to $3,149 billion from $3,278 billion in 2014. The market capitalization of listed reporting issuers with a Canadian head office declined 8.0 per cent in 2015 to $2,222 billion from $2,414 billion; this more significant decrease was offset by an increase in the market capitalization of Canadian-listed foreign reporting issuers, which increased in market capitalization by 7.3 per cent to $927 billion from $864 billion. Chart 5 shows that the PR breakdown of reporting issuers by market capitalization was quite different than by number of PR issuers, as were the changes year-over-year. The market capitalization of Alberta PR issuers declined the greatest of the four provinces in 2015, influenced by the large proportion of Oil and Gas issuers in the province. Alberta PR issuers had a total market capitalization of $668 billion at the end of 2015 (21 per cent of the total), down 19 per cent from $826 billion in 2014 (25 per cent of the total). At the end of 2015, reporting issuers with Ontario PR represented $1,635 billion, or 52 per cent of the total market. Ontario PR listed issuers were the only group of issuers in Chart 5 to increase in market capitalization, from $1,570 billion in 2014, or up 4.1 per cent. While there were almost as many British Columbia PR issuers as Ontario PR issuers in 2015, as shown previously in Chart 4, the total market capitalization of British Columbia PR issuers was only $162 billion (5.1 per cent), down 17.3 per cent from $196 billion in 2014. Québec PR issuers represented $562 billion (18 per cent) of the total, and comparable to $564 billion reported in 2014 (18 per cent). 6 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Chart 6: Average Market Capitalization of Reporting Issuers, by PR Average Market Capitalization ($ Millions) 2,500 QC 2,372M 2,000 1,500 AB 1,257M ON 1,131M 1,000 Other 852M 500 BC 108M 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 6 shows an unweighted average of market capitalization by PR for reporting issuers. As implied by the previous two charts, British Columbia PR issuers tend to have a much smaller market capitalization than issuers in other jurisdictions, as there are many start-up mining companies in the province. British Columbia PR issuers had an average market capitalization of $108 million at the end of 2015, about one tenth the average in Ontario with an average market capitalization of $1,131 million. The province with the largest issuer market capitalization was Québec, with an average of $2,372 million, followed by Alberta at $1,257 million. The combined jurisdictions in Other had an average of $852 million. The average for Québec issuers, which were fewest in number of the four largest provinces, was influenced considerably by the Royal Bank of Canada, which has Québec as PR and had a market capitalization of about $116 billion at the end of 2015. However, excluding Royal Bank of Canada, the average market capitalization for Québec issuers was 1,889 million at the end of 2015 – still significantly larger than other jurisdictions. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 7 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS Chart 7: Distribution of Reporting Issuers by Market Capitalization, for 2015 BC ON QC Other 37 35 $10M - $50M > $250M 43 < $10M $50M - $250M 28 64 > $250M 40 $50M - $250M 32 < $10M $10M - $50M 307 > $250M 101 279 $50M - $250M $10M - $50M 70 > $250M $10M - $50M < $10M > $250M < $10M 0 < $10M 94 $50M - $250M 207 80 $50M - $250M 110 113 $10M - $50M 500 366 493 1,000 228 Number of Issuers 1,131 AB As suggested by previous charts, the distribution of reporting issuers by market capitalization was quite different across the major jurisdictions. Chart 7 shows the distribution of reporting issuers by PR at the end of 2015 by market capitalization. All jurisdictions exhibited more issuers in the less-than-$10 million market capitalization category than the greater-than-$250 million category. There were 228 Alberta PR reporting issuers in the lessthan-$10 million category, which was 107 per cent more than the 110 issuers in the greater-than-$250 million category. However, there were 1,516 per cent more British Columbia PR issuers in the less-than-$10 million category than the greater-than-$250 million category. This reflects the tendency for British Columbia PR issuers to have a smaller market capitalization than reporting issuers in other provinces. In contrast, Québec PR issuers exhibited the least differences between categories of the four largest jurisdictions, as there were only 58 per cent more issuers in the less-than-$10 million category than greater-than-$250 million. In Ontario, there were 61 per cent more issuers in the less-than-$10 million category than the greater-than-$250 million category. Compared with 2014 (data not shown), the decline in number of reporting issuers year-over-year (see Chart 4) was typically exhibited in each category in Chart 7, with the exception of the Other PR issuers, which generally increased, and the following increases: • Alberta PR issuers in the $10 million to $50 million category (113 compared with 109), • Ontario PR issuers in the greater-than-$250 million category (307 compared with 296), and • Québec PR issuers in the $50 million to $250 million category (32 compared with 26). 8 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Chart 8: Percentage of TSX Listed Issuers that Graduated from TSXV, by PR 52% Percentage of TSXV Graduates 50% 54% 55% AB 54% 49% BC Other QC 40% 37% 38% 36% 30% ON 37% 35% 27% 27% 29% 32% 33% 20% 10% 12% 12% 14% 13% 12% 12% 2012 2013 13% 10% 13% 10% 0% 2011 2014 2015 Chart 8 is based only on TMX data, which has a field indicating whether each issuer listed on the TSX is a TSXV “graduate.” This means that the issuer was at one time listed on the TSXV exchange and subsequently met the listing requirements to move its listing to the TSX, Canada’s leading exchange for larger issuers. Alberta and British Columbia have significant resource-based economies, which are reflected by the industry classifications of issuers in these provinces (see Chart 11 and Chart 12 for further industry details). Many issuers in Oil and Gas and Mining begin as small, private issuers and may, in time, progress to be listed on the TSXV, and later the TSX. Chart 8 shows that at the end of 2015, 35 per cent of Alberta PR issuers listed on the TSX were once listed on the TSXV. This was exceeded only by British Columbia PR issuers with 55 per cent TSXV graduates. In contrast, only 10 per cent of Ontario PR issuers and 13 per cent of Québec PR issuers were TSXV graduates at the end of 2015. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 9 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS Chart 9: Number of Listings Of Reporting Issuers, by Exchange or Region Number of Listings 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 TSXV TSX Canada Other United States Europe United Kingdom Australia Asia TSXV TSX Canada Other United States Europe United Kingdom Australia Asia TSXV TSX Canada Other United States Europe United Kingdom Australia Asia TSXV TSX Canada Other United States Europe United Kingdom Australia Asia TSXV TSX Canada Other United States Europe United Kingdom Australia Asia 0 Chart 9 compares the number of listings of Canadian reporting issuers on exchanges in major regions with listings on the TSX, TSXV and other Canadian exchanges. Issuers may be inter-listed, which means having listings on multiple exchanges. Listings on the TSX and TSXV were based on data from the TMX while all other listings for reporting issuers were based on data from SEDAR. Chart 9 indicates a decline in listings on the TSX and TSXV over the last few years, by about five per cent per year, while listings on other Canadian exchanges and in the U.S. have increased. Other Canadian exchanges experienced rapid growth during 2012 – 2014, which slowed to five percent in 2015. 10 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Chart 10: Total Market Capitalization of All Reporting Issuers, by Industry Financial Services 1,000 Oil and Gas Market Capitalization ($ Billions) Diversified Industries Other Industries 800 Mining Utilities and Pipelines 600 Communications and Media Real Estate Exchange Traded Products 400 Closed-End Funds 200 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 10 shows how the market capitalization of major industries for all reporting issuers has changed over the last five years8. Nationally, Financial Services was the largest industry in terms of market capitalization among reporting issuers in each of the last five years. It reached a market capitalization of $1,029 billion at the end of 2015, up 2.1 per cent from 2014 and represented 33 per cent of the total market. Oil and Gas issuers declined by 23 per cent in market capitalization to $377 billion at the end of 2015 and represented 12 per cent of the market. The sharp decline among Oil and Gas issuers for the second year in a row caused the industry to fall to fourth in rankings, behind Financial Services ($1,029 billion or 33 per cent), Diversified Industries ($489 billion or 16 per cent), and Other Industries ($441 billion or 14 per cent). For this analysis, the industry classification by the TMX was preferred, with the SEDAR industry classification used if the issuer was not listed on either the TSX or TSXV. The SEDAR industry classification was changed to a TMX industry classification when reasonable; otherwise the issuers were classified to Other Industries. A detailed discussion about this methodology is available in the Appendix. 8 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 11 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS Chart 11: Total Market Capitalization of Reporting Issuers by Industry and PR, for 2015 AB 800 BC ON QC Other Diversified Industries Oil and Gas Communications and Media Market Capitalization ($ Billions) Real Estate 600 Exchange Traded Products Other Industries Closed-End Funds Financial Services 400 Mining Utilities and Pipelines 200 0 As shown in Chart 11, when broken down by PR jurisdiction, regional industry differences become more apparent. Chart 11 shows total market capitalization by industry and PR for year-end 2015. In this chart, the dominance of Oil and Gas, and related Utilities and Pipelines, among Alberta PR issuers stands out, despite the declines in market capitalization of Oil & Gas issuers shown in Chart 10. These industries represented a combined market capitalization $500 billion (75 per cent) of Alberta issuers. (More specific analysis of Alberta PR issuers begins on page 16.) British Columbia PR issuers in the Mining industry represented $65 billion (41 per cent) of the total in British Columbia. Among Ontario PR issuers, Financial Services totalled $801 billion (49 per cent) of all industries and Diversified Industries totalled $228 billion (14 per cent). In Québec, $180 billion (32 per cent) of market capitalization was in Diversified Industries, followed closely by $176 billion (31 per cent) in Financial Services. 12 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Chart 12: Total Number of Reporting Issuers by Industry and PR, for 2015 AB 1,000 BC ON QC Other Diversified Industries Oil and Gas Communications and Media Number of Issuers 800 Real Estate Exchange Traded Products Other Industries 600 Closed-End Funds Financial Services Mining 400 Utilities and Pipelines 200 0 Chart 12 shows a breakdown similar to Chart 11, but by number of issuers. Among Alberta PR reporting issuers, Oil and Gas, including Oil and Gas Services, was still the leading industry, represented by 259 issuers (49 per cent) out of 531 issuers. This means that while the Oil and Gas industry in Alberta dominated all others on a market capitalization basis, there were still a significant number of issuers engaged in other industries: 95 (18 per cent) in Other Industries, and 55 (10 per cent) in Diversified Industries. The number of Utilities and Pipelines issuers ranked sixth at 13 issuers (2.4 per cent), but represented 19 per cent on a market capitalization basis. A total of 963 (64 per cent) of British Columbia PR issuers were engaged in the Mining industry followed by 322 (21 per cent) in Other Industries. Ontario PR issuers were perhaps the most evenly distributed across industries with 357 (25 per cent) issuers in Mining, 338 (23 per cent) issuers in Exchange Traded Products, 282 (20 per cent) issuers in Other Industries, 177 (12 per cent) issuers in Closed-End Funds (previously classified as Structured Products by the TMX), and 88 (6.1 per cent) issuers in Financial Services. In Québec, 79 (33 per cent) issuers were in Mining, 77 (33 per cent) issuers in Other Industries, and 43 (18 per cent) issuers in Diversified Industries. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 13 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS FOREIGN REPORTING ISSUERS Foreign Reporting Issuers Chart 13: Number of Foreign Reporting Issuers, by PR 400 Number of Issuers 300 358 362 66 18% 62 17% 100 28% 97 27% 200 100 163 46% 158 44% AB 345 71 21% 101 29% 138 40% 315 70 22% 93 30% 329 57 17% BC ON QC Other 86 26% 113 34% 133 42% 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 The percentage of reporting issuers headquartered outside of Canada has ranged from about 7.8 per cent to 8.5 per cent over the last five years. Chart 13 shows the total number of foreign issuers, determined by the head office reported on SEDAR. The 329 foreign issuers at the end of 2015 was up 4.4 per cent from 315 issuers in 2014. Also shown in Chart 13 is the breakdown of foreign issuers by PR. The number of foreign issuers was greatest in Ontario at 113 (34 per cent), followed by British Columbia at 86 (26 per cent), Alberta at 57 (17 per cent) and Québec at 7 (2.1 per cent). Foreign reporting issuers with Alberta as the PR represented 11 per cent of all Alberta PR issuers at the end of 2015, which was greater than the national average of 8.5 per cent. 14 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION FOREIGN REPORTING ISSUERS LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Chart 14: Total Market Capitalization of Foreign Reporting Issuers, by PR 1,000 879B 800 600 648B 646B 178B 28% 193B 30% 270B 31% 400 200 390B 60% 396B 61% 2011 2012 574B 65% 926B 863B 210B 24% 608B 70% 205B 22% AB BC ON QC Other 653B 70% 0 2013 2014 2015 As shown in the prior chart, the number of reporting issuers with foreign headquarters in 2015 was smaller than the number in 2011, by about eight per cent. In contrast, Chart 14 shows that the market capitalization of foreign issuers has increased by 43 per cent over the last five years to $926 billion in 2015 from $648 billion in 2011. Some of this increase was attributable to large foreign issuers becoming reporting issuers in Canada. For example, CNOOC Limited and Ecopetrol S.A. became reporting issuers with Alberta as PR during this time period and made up 57 per cent of the foreign-headquartered Alberta PR issuers total market capitalization of $205 billion at the end of 2015. Similarly, the total market capitalization of $653 billion from Ontario PR foreignheadquartered reporting issuers has also been influenced by large issuers like Visa Inc., Barclays Bank PLC, Credit Suisse AG, General Motors Company, Valero Energy Corporation, and Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft, which accounted for a combined $515 billion of market capitalization in 2015 or 79 per cent of the foreign issuers reporting in Alberta with an Ontario PR. It should be noted that not all of these issuers had securities listed on a Canadian exchange and the market capitalization of the issuers’ listed equity in Canadian dollars has been used in calculating the totals. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 15 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS FOCUS ON LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS PRINCIPALLY REGULATED IN ALBERTA Focus on Listed Reporting Issuers Principally Regulated in Alberta Chart 15: Total Market Capitalization of Industries for Alberta PR Issuers 607B Market Capitalization ($ Billions) 600 500 Oil and Gas Utilities and Pipelines 519B Diversified Industries 523B Other Industries 487B Mining 400 Communications and Media 372B 300 Real Estate Financial Services Closed-End Funds 200 168B Exchange Traded Products 120B 100 102B 0 37B 3B 135B 31B 2011 39B 66B 4B 12B 6B 2012 2013 2014 74B 128B 50B 11B 2015 Chart 15 is similar to Chart 10, except that it includes only Alberta’s 531 listed PR issuers, which had a total market capitalization of $668 billion at the end of 2015. As expected, Oil and Gas issuers represented the largest industry on the basis of market capitalization at $372 billion (56 per cent of the total). Oil and Gas issuers experienced a 24 per cent decline in market capitalization in 2015, extending the 20 per cent decline in 2014. Despite the steep decline of 39 per cent over two years in this industry, Oil and Gas issuers were still nearly three times larger than the next largest industry, Utilities and Pipelines issuers, with a market capitalization of $128 billion at the end of 2015. In Chart 15, Oil and Gas Services were included in Oil and Gas, which comprised $10 billion of the industry at the end of 2015. By comparison to the Oil and Gas industry in total, the market capitalization of Oil and Gas Services declined by 60 per cent since 2013 ($25 billion), exhibiting the sector’s greater operating leverage to crude oil and natural gas price expectations. The remaining industries in aggregate (i.e. other than Oil and Gas, and Utilities and Pipelines) experienced a 1.8 per cent decrease in market capitalization in 2015 to $167 billion from $170 billion in 2014, but largely retained the 16 per cent gain it realized in 2014 from $147 billion in 2013. 16 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION FOCUS ON LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS PRINCIPALLY REGULATED IN ALBERTA LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Utilities and Pipelines Real Estate Oil and Gas Domestic 104 Mining Financial Services Diversified Industries Communicatio ns and Media Closed-End Funds Foreign 2 3 1 3 4 2 2 11 50 38 50 10 15 17 9 14 4 2 4 2 1 1 2 1 12 4 < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M < $10M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M > $250M 0 9 7 50 51 67 100 28 Number of Issuers Other Industries Chart 16: Distribution of Alberta PR Issuers by Market Capitalization, by Industry and Domicile, for 2015 Chart 16 shows a distribution by industry of the market capitalization of Alberta PR issuers at the end of 2015. The chart also shows a split by foreign or domestic headquarters. In the case of Oil and Gas (including Oil and Gas Services), the number of Alberta PR issuers in each of the four market capitalization ranges shown decreased compared with 2014. The three largest categories were affected disproportionately, as detailed in Table A, with the number of issuers in the $50 million to $250 million category decreasing by 35 per cent. Table A: Distribution of Alberta PR Oil and Gas Issuers, 2015 Versus 2014 Number Oil and Gas Issuers Category20152014 Decline <$10M 104 109 4.6 per cent $10M–$50M 50 55 9.1 per cent $50M–$250M 38 58 35 per cent >$250M 67 81 17 per cent Total 259 303 15 per cent Thirty Oil and Gas issuers (12 per cent) were foreign reporting issuers in Alberta, down from 41 (14 per cent) in 2014. This was slightly higher than the average of 11 per cent for all Alberta PR issuers in 2015 (12 per cent in 2014). THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 17 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS FOCUS ON LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS PRINCIPALLY REGULATED IN ALBERTA Chart 17: Total Market Capitalization of Oil and Gas Sectors for Alberta PR Issuers Oil and Gas Producers 300 Integrated Oils Market Capitalization ($ Billions) Utilities and Pipelines 250 Oil and Gas Services Junior Oil and Gas 200 150 100 50 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 17 and Chart 18 focus more specifically on the Oil and Gas, and Utilities and Pipelines industries. For this analysis (explained in more detail in the Appendix), the sub-categorization available in issuers’ profiles on SEDAR has been used to further refine the classification of issuers listed on the TSX or TSXV reported in Oil and Gas and Diversified Industries categories by the TMX9. If the industry of a reporting issuer was not listed on the TSX or TSXV, the classification was based on the issuer’s SEDAR profile. It should be noted that issuers select their industry classification on SEDAR. By market capitalization, Producers were the largest Oil and Gas sector among Alberta PR reporting issuers in each of the last three years. This was despite a 17 per cent decline in market capitalization in 2015 to $221 billion. Next largest was Integrated Oils, with a market capitalization of $135 billion, a decline of 31 per cent from the end of 2014. Junior Oil and Gas and Oil and Gas Services were each only a small fraction of either the Producers or Integrated Oils categories at $5 billion and $10 billion respectively. However, the decline in market capitalization of these two groups was the greatest at 82 per cent and 60 per cent, respectively. The TMX includes Oil and Gas Services in Diversified Industries. Oil and Gas Services have been separated from Diversified Industries in this report and instead included in Oil and Gas. 9 18 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION FOCUS ON LISTED REPORTING ISSUERS PRINCIPALLY REGULATED IN ALBERTA LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Utilities and Pipelines Oil and Gas Services Oil and Gas Producers Oil and Gas (unspecified) Junior Oil and Gas Foreign Domestic 55 43 60 12 $50M - $250M > $250M 11 13 > $250M $10M - $50M $50M - $250M < $10M 2 4 $10M - $50M 7 < $10M > $250M $50M - $250M $10M - $50M < $10M > $250M $50M - $250M 8 < $10M $10M - $50M 7 > $250M 10 $50M - $250M $10M - $50M < $10M 5 > $250M $50M - $250M $10M - $50M 1 < $10M 15 20 20 0 25 32 40 2 Number of Issuers Integrated Oils Chart 18: Distribution of Oil and Gas Alberta PR Issuers by Market Capitalization and Domicile, for 2015 Chart 18 shows the distribution of Alberta PR issuers in Oil and Gas, and Utilities and Pipelines by market capitalization for 2015. This chart is similar to Chart 16 except that it shows greater detail for the Oil and Gas issuers. As expected, there was a greater concentration of Junior Oil and Gas issuers in the less-than-$10 million range and, conversely, a greater concentration of Oil and Gas Producers in the greater-than-$250 million range. Compared with 2014 (not shown), the Integrated Oils and Utilities and Pipelines experienced very little change in the number of issuers, with two fewer issuers each. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 19 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS ANALYSIS OF FINANCINGS Analysis of Financings The analysis in this section is limited to the financings of reporting issuers that are listed on the TSX or TSXV. Similar to the prior section, issuers have been analyzed according to PR. Chart 19: Total Financings by TSX and TSXV Listed Issuers, by Financing Type 60 56.5B 51.7B Total Financings ($ Billions) 50 40 9.4B 18% 11.5B 20% 4.4B 8% 7.0B 13% 30 20 35.3B 68% 40.5B 72% 43.6B 7.1B 16% 5.6B 13% 31.0B 71% 57.8B 57.7B 9.2B 16% 11.2B 19% 5.5B 10% 43.0B 74% Private Initial Public Offering Public 6.8B 12% 39.7B 69% 10 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 19 shows financings over the last five years by issuers listed on the TSX or TSXV. Despite the eight per cent decline in market capitalization of Canadian listed reporting issuers in 2015 (see page 6), total financings of $57.7 billion were nearly identical to 2014. The chart also shows financings according to major financing type. Both the public and IPO financings must be qualified by a prospectus, and could have been grouped together. However, for this chart IPOs have been shown separately as they represent financings where a previously unlisted issuer (private issuer) becomes a listed issuer (public issuer). Private financings are those conducted without a prospectus, where the issuer must have a valid prospectus exemption10. Please note that the private financings classified in Chart 19 are only for issuers listed on the TSX and TSXV, and only for listed securities. These private financings represented a relatively small subset of the prospectus-exempt market. For a more comprehensive analysis of prospectus-exempt markets see the section beginning on page 23. As shown in Chart 19, the dominant type of financing of these listed issuers has been public financings, often referred to by investors as “secondary” or “follow-on” financings. In 2015, secondary public financings on the TSX and TSXV totalled $39.7 billion, representing 69 per cent of the total amount raised, down from 74 per cent of the total in 2014. Conversely, there were a greater proportion of private financings in 2015 (19 per cent) than in 2014 (16 per cent) and a greater proportion of IPOs in 2015 (12 per cent) than in 2014 (10 per cent). Such as those available in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions. 10 20 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION ANALYSIS OF FINANCINGS LISTED ISSUER MARKETS Chart 20: Total Financings by TSX And TSXV Listed Issuers, by PR 60 51.7B Total Financings ($ Billions) 50 40 30 20 10 0 57.8B 56.5B 15.7B 30% 7.6B 15% 21.4B 41% 15.4B 27% 7.8B 14% 43.6B 11.8B 27% 18.3B 32% 6.0B 10% 4.1B 9% 25.1B 45% 2.8B 5% 4.8B 8% 2011 2012 18.2B 42% 4.1B 9% 2013 25.8B 45% 6.0B 10% 2014 57.7B 12.5B 22% 6.1B 10% AB BC ON QC Other 24.5B 42% 11.3B 20% 2015 As shown in Chart 20, listed issuers with Ontario as PR represented the greatest proportion of total financings at $24.5 billion (42 per cent) in 2015, which was down slightly from $25.8 billion (45 per cent) in 2014. This proportion was 10 percentage points less than the proportion of total market capitalization represented by all reporting issuers with Ontario PR at 52 per cent (Chart 5). Alberta PR issuers raised $12.5 billion (22 per cent) of the total in 2015, nearly one-third lower than $18.3 billion raised in 2014 but in-line with Alberta PR issuers’ share of total market capitalization at year-end 2015 (21 percent). Alberta PR issuers represented 21 per cent of the total market capitalization. Québec PR issuers raised a total of $11.3 billion (20 per cent) in 2015, which was more than double the $6.0 billion raised in 2014. British Columbia PR issuers raised a total of $6.1 billion (10 per cent) in 2015, comparable to 2014. Québec PR issuers represented 18 per cent of total market capitalization and British Columbia PR issuers accounted for five per cent of total market capitalization. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 21 LISTED ISSUER MARKETS ANALYSIS OF FINANCINGS Chart 21: Total Financings by TSX and TSXV Listed Issuers, by Industry 60 Total Financings ($ Billions) 50 40 56.5B 57.8B 57.7B 51.7B 6.6B 7.2B 8.8B 7.8B 3.6B 10.1B 30 10.8B 20 11.8B 9.6B 11.2B 10 0 4.5B 2011 6.7B 6.7B 8.8B Diversified Industries Mining Oil and Gas 12.8B 8.4B Real Estate Utilities and Pipelines 6.5B 11.6B 8.6B 5.8B 7.2B 5.2B 14.4B 6.6B 9.8B Communications and Media Financial Services 43.6B 5.7B Other Industries 5.4B 7.5B 6.7B 2012 2013 10.0B 8.8B 2014 2015 Chart 21 shows a break down by TMX industry classification for issuers listed on the TSX or TSXV. Over the last five years, the industries that have collectively raised the greatest amount of capital have been Financial Services, Mining, and Oil and Gas, with Financial Services frequently raising the most capital of the three. In 2015, Financial Services raised $12.8 billion, which was 45 per cent more than the next greatest categories of Diversified Industries, Utilities and Pipelines, and Other Industries, which each raised approximately $8.8 billion. Financings by Oil and Gas issuers listed on the TSX or TSXV ranked third at $8.6 billion. Capital raised by Oil and Gas issuers declined the most in 2015, by 26 per cent, while Diversified Industries increased the most (184 per cent) in 2015. 22 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION ISSUERS IN THE PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKET PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS 3. Prospectus-Exempt Markets Issuers in the Prospectus-Exempt Market In Canada, the general requirement for any issuer raising capital by issuing securities is to do so via prospectus. However, an issuer is permitted to raise capital without a prospectus if it meets the conditions of an available prospectus exemption. This is often referred to as raising capital in the “prospectus-exempt market.” 11 A number of prospectus exemptions available in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions require the distributions to be reported to a securities regulator using the Report of Exempt Distribution12. Those reported to the ASC are the source for the analysis in this report. It is important to note that securities law permits investment funds to file 30 days following the fund’s fiscal year-end. Given that the fiscal year-end may not be the same as the calendar year-end, the data reported by investment funds for 2015 and available for this report is incomplete. However, the effect of this is more pronounced when analyzing distributions to Alberta investors than by Alberta issuers, as investment funds tend to be headquartered outside Alberta. Chart 22 shows the number of issuers that accessed capital in the prospectus-exempt market in Alberta during the calendar year (distributed securities to Albertans), independent of the location of the issuer’s head office. Although the number of issuers in 2015 appeared to be down considerably from 2014, as explained above, not all data from investment funds is yet available as of the date of this report. In 2014, 2,215 issuers were active in Alberta, of which reporting issuers made up 669 (30 per cent) of the these issuers. One reason why reporting issuers may choose to raise capital in the prospectus-exempt market is that it can be a more cost-effective means of raising funds than in the public market, in which a prospectus is required. Chart 22: Number of Issuers Active in Alberta Prospectus-Exempt Market During the Calendar Year 2,500 2,000 Number of Issuers RIs 2,386 2,091 2,075 705 622 868 Non-RIs 2,215 669 1,429 1,500 509 1,000 1,518 1,386 1,453 1,546 500 920 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 The distribution of securities must still occur through proper registration or under a registration exemption. See National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. 12 See part 6 of NI 45-106 and Form 45-106F1 Report of Exempt Distribution. 11 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 23 PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS ISSUERS IN THE PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKET Chart 23: Number of Alberta-based Issuers Active in the Market During the Calendar Year 800 206 600 Number of Issuers RIs 769 Non-RIs 672 662 668 188 169 160 504 121 400 563 484 493 508 200 383 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 23 shows the number of Alberta-based issuers that accessed capital in the prospectus-exempt market during the calendar year. Of the issuers that have reported for 2015, 121 (24 per cent) were reporting issuers. In 2014, 160 (24 per cent) of the Alberta-based issuers active in the prospectus-exempt market were reporting issuers. The Alberta capital market is not a closed system. Alberta issuers can distribute securities anywhere in the world where securities law permits. Similarly, Alberta investors may purchase securities of any issuer, provided the issuer meets the requirements of Alberta securities laws. Prominent industries also vary by province and country, where capital raising can occur with or without a prospectus. For these reasons, when analyzing the prospectus-exempt market it is important, and more informative, to analyze issuers and investors separately, which is the approach in the following two sections. 24 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT FINANCINGS BY ALBERTA ISSUERS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS Prospectus-Exempt Financings by Alberta Issuers Chart 24: Total Raised in The Exempt Market by Alberta-based Issuers, by Reporting Type 15 13.2B Distributions ($ Billions) 10 6.5B RIs 13.9B Non-RIs 13.1B 6.7B 10.8B 6.9B 8.0B 5.7B 5.4B 5 6.7B 7.2B 5.1B 6.2B 2.6B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 For prospectus exemptions that are reportable, Alberta securities law requires Alberta-based issuers to report exempt distributions to the ASC regardless of the jurisdiction of the investor. This is because distributions to investors outside of Alberta are considered distributions “from” Alberta. Chart 24 shows the total capital raised by Alberta-based issuers over the last five years, segmented by whether the issuer was a reporting issuer or nonreporting issuer. Consistently, more than half of the capital raised in the prospectus-exempt market has been by reporting issuers choosing to rely on a prospectus exemption. This number rose to two-thirds in 2015. Many of these reporting issuers have securities listed on an exchange, although not all the securities distributed are listed on an exchange. For example, debt securities are the most common type of security distributed by Albertabased issuers (as discussed on page 27) and are not listed on an exchange. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 25 PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT FINANCINGS BY ALBERTA ISSUERS Chart 25: Total Raised in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Alberta-based Issuers, by Industry Mortgage Investment Companies Industrial Investment Companies and Funds Mining Real Estate Oil and Gas Utilities Other Industries Distributions ($ Billions) 15 13.2B 13.9B 1.3B 10 1.8B 1.7B 3.6B 13.1B 10.8B 1.4B 1.9B 1.4B 8.0B 2.1B 5 8.1B 8.2B 7.9B 5.4B 6.0B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 25 shows capital raised by Alberta issuers in the prospectus-exempt market segmented by industry13. In Alberta, the most prominent industry over the last five years was Oil and Gas, by a considerable margin, totalling $6.0 billion in 2015. That said, this amount was 27 per cent less than $8.2 billion raised in 2014. As previously noted, investment funds may report 30 days following each fund’s year-end. The result is that the total capital raised by Alberta-based Investment Companies and Funds for 2015 is not yet final and may be revised in subsequent reports. However, $1.4 billion was raised by Alberta-based Investment Companies and Funds in 2014, which was down from $2.1 billion raised in 2013. Based on data available for this report, Investment Companies and Funds raised $0.7 billion in 2015, making it the second largest industry raising capital in the prospectus-exempt market in 2015. In Chart 25, several industries have been added to Other Industries14, which many issuers select if none of the other categories apply. In 2015, within the Other Industries category, the Other selection accounted for $0.4 billion of the categories total of $0.6 billion, down from $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. Year-over-year, Real Estate issuers raised $0.4 billion in 2015, down from $0.7 billion in 2014. As identified on the Report of Exempt Distribution. Bio-tech, Forestry, Hi-tech, and Other. Note that mining exploration/development and mining production have been grouped under Mining in this report. 13 14 26 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT FINANCINGS BY ALBERTA ISSUERS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS Chart 26: Total Raised in The Exempt Market by Alberta-based Issuers, by Investor Location 15 13.2B AB 13.9B BC 13.1B International Distributions ($ Billions) 3.5B 4.6B 10 10.8B ON 3.9B Other Province 2.6B 3.0B QC 8.0B 1.4B 1.9B 2.3B U.S. 2.9B 3.3B 5 3.3B 2.8B 0.8B 0 1.4B 5.1B 2.1B 2.6B 2.2B 2011 2012 2013 2.5B 2014 2015 As shown in Chart 26, Alberta-based issuers have typically raised at least one-quarter of capital in the prospectus-exempt market, in aggregate, from Albertans. Based on data reported to date, the proportion of the capital raised by Alberta-based issuers from Alberta investors was 36 per cent in 2015, or $2.9 billion. Another significant source of capital for Alberta-based issuers is from investors based in Ontario and the U.S., which have a larger institutional investor base. In 2015, $2.5 billion of the funds raised by Alberta-based issuers was from investors in the U.S., or 31 per cent, which is considerable, although a marked decrease from $5.1 billion in 2014. Chart 27: Total Raised in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Alberta-based Issuers, by Security Type 15 13.2B Other Security 13.9B 0.9B 2.0B Distributions ($ Billions) Debt 13.1B 0.8B Equity Units 10.8B 5.2B 10 4.6B 7.0B 5.3B 8.0B 1.4B 2.7B 5 3.0B 3.9B 2.2B 2.8B 2.3B 5.1B 2.7B 2.8B 2.6B 2013 2014 0 2011 2012 1.4B 2015 Chart 27 shows a broad breakdown by type of security distributed by Alberta-based issuers. In four of the past five years (based on distributions reported to date), Debt securities have been the most common type of securities issued, accounting for 37 per cent of the total in 2015. As more investment funds report distributions for 2014, distributions of Units will likely increase. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 27 PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT FINANCINGS BY ALBERTA ISSUERS Chart 28: Total Raised in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Alberta-based Issuers, by Exemption 15 13.2B Minimum Amount 13.1B Offering Memorandum 0.9B Distributions ($ Billions) Family, Friends and Business Associates 13.9B Other Exemptions 10.8B Accredited Investor 10 8.0B 11.5B 1.3B 12.5B 5 11.6B 9.5B 6.2B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 28 shows the prospectus exemptions relied on by Alberta-based issuers to raise capital in the prospectusexempt market15. Based on reported distributions to date, approximately $6.2 billion (77 per cent) of the capital raised was under the accredited investor (AI) exemption, compared with $11.6 billion (89 per cent) in 2014. In 2015, Other Exemptions accounted for $1.3 billion, compared with $0.6 billion in 2014. Within the 2015 total was $1.1 billion under the Petroleum, Natural Gas & Mining Properties exemption ($0.4 billion in 2014). Approximately $0.3 billion was raised under the Offering Memorandum (OM) exemption in 2015, the same as in 2014. Each of the exemptions shown in Chart 28 are available when specific conditions are met by the issuer. These conditions may be found in the relevant sections of National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions. However, each of the four exemptions shown in Chart 28 also depend on the circumstances of the purchaser, summarized in Table B as context to the data in this report. Table B: Data Sources for Combined Dataset ExemptionSummary of Certain Provisions Applicable to Individuals Accredited InvestorIndividuals who are accredited based on exceeding specified income, net financial asset or net asset thresholds. Family, Friends and Business AssociatesIndividuals who are a director, executive officer or control person of the issuer, or of an affiliate of the issuer, and specified family members, close personal friends or close business associates of such persons. Offering MemorandumIndividuals who have received a valid Form 45-106F2 Offering Memorandum of the issuer and are either purchasing not more than $10,000 of the issuer’s securities or are an eligible investor based on exceeding specified income or net asset thresholds. Effective April 30, 2016, eligible investors will be subject to certain investment limits as specified in the exemption. Minimum AmountIndividuals purchasing a minimum of $150,000 of securities in a single transaction from a single issuer. Effective May 5, 2015 this exemption was no longer be available to issuers distributing to individuals. Specifically shown in Chart 27 are section 2.3 Accredited Investor, section 2.5 Family, Friends and Business Associates, section 2.9 Offering Memorandum, and section 2.10 Minimum Amount Investment, as well as other exemptions available in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus and Registration Exemptions and reported to the ASC under Part 6. 15 28 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT FINANCINGS BY ALBERTA ISSUERS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS Investments in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Albertans This section analyzes the capital invested by Albertans versus capital raised by Alberta issuers, which reveals some significant differences. As shown in Chart 30, the greatest proportion of investments by Albertans in the prospectus-exempt market from 2011-2014 were investment funds. As noted, because investment funds may report distributions up to 30 days following the fund’s fiscal year-end, the data reported for 2015 is incomplete. To give a clearer picture, investments reported for 2014 will be discussed in greater detail in this section. Chart 29 shows a breakdown by Albertans’ investments in reporting issuers versus non-reporting issuers in the prospectus-exempt market. In 2014, $12.4 billion (84 per cent) of a total $14.7 billion raised was invested by Albertans in non-reporting issuers. The proportion of investment in non-reporting issuers by Albertans over the last five years was much greater than the comparable analysis of Alberta-based issuers shown in Chart 24, which showed that only 47 per cent of Alberta-based issuers were non-reporting in 2014 (47 per cent in 2013). The primary reason for the greater concentration of non-reporting issuers in Chart 29 is that investment funds distributing securities in the prospectus-exempt market tend to be non-reporting issuers. With regard to 2015, ASC staff estimate that the current total of $6.9 billion may in fact be comparable to capital raised from Albertans in 2014, given that the total reported for 2014 at the time the Alberta Capital Market report was released was $6.7 billion. Chart 29: Total Invested in the Prosectus-exempt Market by Albertans, by Issuer Reporting Type RIs 14.7B 15 13.4B Non-RIs 2.3B 1.4B Distributions ($ Billions) 10 10.2B 1.2B 9.4B 1.0B 6.9B 12.0B 5 9.0B 12.4B 2.1B 8.4B 4.8B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 29 PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT FINANCINGS BY ALBERTA ISSUERS Chart 30: Total Invested in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Albertans, by Industry Distributions ($ Billions) 15 Utilities Mortgage Investment Companies Other Industries Industrial Real Estate Investment Companies and Funds Mining Oil and Gas 14.7B 13.4B 1.8B 10 10.2B 1.4B 1.5B 9.4B 1.8B 1.4B 6.9B 1.1B 5 9.2B 6.3B 2.7B 8.9B 1.7B 2.3B 5.9B 1.9B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 As shown in Chart 30, the greatest proportion of new capital from Alberta-based investors in 2011-2014 was invested in the Investment Companies and Funds industry. In 2014, $8.9 billion (61 per cent) of investments by Albertans were in investment funds, compared with 68 per cent in 2013. It should be noted that the 2014 total for Investment Companies and Funds reported in the 2015 Alberta Capital Market report was $2.1 billion, an increase of $6.8 billion. Therefore, the preliminary total of $1.9 billion for Investment Companies and Funds in 2015 in this report will likely be revised significantly upward over the following year. It is not yet known how the total funds invested in the prospectus-exempt market by Albertans for 2015 will ultimately compare to the total of $14.7 billion in 2014. However, it is possible to compare other industries, because the reporting deadline for non-reporting issuers is 10 days following a distribution. In 2015, Albertans invested $2.3 billion in Other Industries (of which $2.2 billion was reported as Other on the Report of Exempt Distribution); down from $2.7 billion in 2014 ($2.6 reported as Other). Investments in Oil and Gas issuers decreased to $1.7 billion in 2015 from $1.8 billion in 2014, while investments in Real Estate were $0.7 billion in 2015, the same as 2014. 30 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION INVESTMENTS IN THE PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKET BY ALBERTANS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS Chart 31: Total Invested in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Albertans, by Issuer Location 15 Distributions ($ Billions) 13.4B 1.1B 10 10.2B 1.1B 3.5B 2.6B 9.4B 4.6B AB BC ON 3.9B Other Provinces QC 0.9B 5.5B U.S. 5.2B 5 6.9B 1.2B 2.9B 2.9B 2.5B 0 International 14.7B 1.0B 1.1B 0.8B 2011 2012 1.0B 1.9B 2013 0.9B 2.6B 2014 1.4B 0.8B 2015 Chart 31 shows the major jurisdictions where Albertans invested in the prospectus-exempt market over the last five years. In 2014, $5.2 billion was invested in issuers located in Ontario, which was approximately 35 per cent of the $14.7 billion total raised. Albertans invested $3.9 billion (27 per cent) in Alberta-based issuers and $2.6 billion (18 per cent) in issuers located in the U.S. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 31 PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS INVESTMENTS IN THE PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKET BY ALBERTANS Chart 32: Total Invested in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Albertans, by Security Type Other Security 14.7B 15 13.4B Debt 2.2B Equity Distributions ($ Billions) 1.4B 10 2.2B 10.3B 10.2B 1.4B 0.9B 2.0B 9.4B 1.0B 2.0B Units 2.1B 2.4B 1.2B 6.9B 1.1B 1.4B 1.3B 5 7.9B 5.9B 8.1B 5.8B 2.5B 2.1B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Chart 32 segments the total funds invested by Albertans by the type of security purchased. Based on the significant investment in investment funds, it is not surprising that the greatest type of security purchased was Units, for a total of $8.1 billion (55 per cent) in 2014. Non-investment fund issuers typically raise capital through Equity or Debt securities. In 2015, $1.3 billion of Debt securities were purchased by Albertans in the prospectus-exempt market, down 38 per cent from the $2.1 billion invested in 2014. In 2015, $2.5 billion of Equity securities were purchased by Albertans in the prospectus-exempt market, an increase of 4.2 per cent from $2.4 billion invested in 2014. 32 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION INVESTMENTS IN THE PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKET BY ALBERTANS PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS Chart 33: Total Invested in the Prospectus-Exempt Market by Albertans, by Exemption Relied On by Issuer Family, Friends and Business Associates 14.7B 15 Minimum Amount 13.4B Offering Memorandum Distributions ($ Billions) Other Exemptions 10 10.2B Accredited Investor 9.4B 12.5B 5 9.2B 13.5B 6.9B 1.2B 8.4B 5.2B 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 The most apparent element in Chart 33 is the dominant reliance on the accredited investor (AI) exemption by issuers to distribute prospectus-exempt securities to Albertans16. In 2014, $13.5 billion (91 per cent) of the total $14.9 billion was invested by Albertans that qualified as accredited investors. The second greatest amount of capital raised was under the offering memorandum (OM) and the minimum amount exemptions, which each totalled $0.3 billion (2.0 per cent) in 2014. Although the conditions of the exemptions shown here, Accredited Investor, Family, Friends and Business Associates, Minimum Amount Invested, and Offering Memorandum, are based on the investor, it is still the issuer that relies on the prospectus exemption to distribute the securities. See Table B on page 28 for a summary. 16 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 33 PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKETS INVESTMENTS IN THE PROSPECTUS-EXEMPT MARKET BY ALBERTANS 4.Registration Market participants must register if they are in the business of trading or advising in securities or managing investment funds, unless the firm is able to rely on an available exemption17. There are several categories of firm registration. These include dealer categories, adviser categories and the investment fund manager category. This section provides an overview of the registered firms that are principally regulated by the ASC and the categories in which they are registered. Chart 34: Distribution of Alberta PR Firms by Number of Registration Categories Number of Registration Categories Head Office AB 1 2 3 QC U.S. As of the date of this report, there were 124 firms principally regulated by the ASC, the same as a year earlier. Chart 34 shows how many firms were registered in one, two or three categories. Of all Alberta PR registered firms, 55 firms (45 per cent) registered in a single category (54 firms in 2015) and, 49 (39 per cent) firms registered in three categories (50 firms in 2015). Typically, these firms were registered as Exempt Market Dealers, Investment Fund Managers, and either a Portfolio Manager or Restricted Portfolio Manager. There were 20 firms (16 per cent) registered in two categories (20 firms in 2015), which were typically Investment Fund Managers and either a Portfolio Manager or Restricted Portfolio Manager. See National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. 17 34 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION REGISTRATION Chart 35: Number of Alberta PR Firms in Each Registration Category 69 68 Number of Firms 60 49 40 34 20 16 6 0 Exempt Market Dealer Investment Dealer Investment Fund Manager Mutual Fund Dealer Portfolio Manager Restricted Portfolio Manager Chart 35 shows the total number of registrations in each category18. Since firms may register in multiple categories, please note that the sum of all registrations is not the same as the total number of firms principally regulated by the ASC. As of the date of this report, the most common category of registration among Alberta PR firms was Investment Fund Manager, with 69 firms registered (compared to 70 in 2015), followed by Exempt Market Dealer, with 68 firms registered (71 in 2015). The next most common was Portfolio Manager with 49 firms (46 in 2015) and Restricted Portfolio Manager with 34 firms (36 in 2015). There were also 16 firms registered in the Investment Dealer category (15 in 2015) and six firms registered in the Mutual Fund Dealer category (no change). Categories with zero Alberta PR firms have not been shown. 18 THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 35 REGISTRATION 5. Energy Markets 12,221 12,705 12,361 2014 2015 13,828 15,161 2013 6,055 4,458 5 U.S. Power 9,154 10 7,142 U.S. Crude Oil 8,422 Physical US Natural Gas 10,495 Physical Canadian Natural Gas 12,714 Financial Canadian Natural Gas 15 3,148 Energy Traded or Cleared (PJ) Canadian Power 14,367 Canadian Crude Oil 16,349 Chart 36: Energy Transacted on NGX 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 0 Chart 36 shows the total energy contracts traded or cleared on NGX each year since 2001. Total volume transacted in 2015 decreased slightly to 12,361 PJ, down 2.7 per cent over 2014 when 12,705 PJ was transacted across various natural gas, crude oil, and power contracts. Combined, natural gas activity amounted to 96 per cent of the energy transactions on NGX in 2015, down from 97 per cent in 2014. Physical Canadian Natural Gas (contracts with physical settlement) accounted for 89 per cent of total transactions in 2015, which totalled 11,003 PJ, similar to the 11,120 PJ in 2014. The second largest volume of transactions was in Physical U.S. Natural Gas, which totalled 805 PJ in 2015 (6.5 per cent of the total), also similar to 2014 volumes of 839 PJ (6.6 per cent). Financial Canadian Natural Gas (i.e. contracts with financial settlement) decreased to 85 PJ (0.7 per cent) in 2015 from 390 PJ (3.1 per cent) in 2014. Power contracts increased by 32 per cent in 2015. Canadian Power amounted to 283 PJ (2.3 per cent) of total volumes, up from 227 PJ in 2014 while U.S. Power totalled 184 PJ (1.5 per cent), up from 128 PJ a year earlier. 36 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION ENERGY MARKETS 6. Appendix: Methodology Listed Issuer Markets For the analysis of listed reporting issuers, data has been combined from ASC records, the TMX, SEDAR and Bloomberg. This allowed the report to include all listed reporting issuers in Alberta and conduct analysis by principal regulator, instead of head office location. This section summarizes how this combined data was created and highlights some differences between key fields. ASC Records The ASC maintains a record of all issuers reporting in Alberta, based on reporting by issuers on SEDAR, which includes issuers listed on the TSX, TSXV and other exchanges. This record includes the following fields of interest, among others: •industry; • location of issuers’ head office; • issuers’ principal regulator; and • the exchanges on which the issuer is listed. TMX Data The TMX has data for issuers listed on the TSX and TSXV exchanges as of December 31 each year. The dataset includes the following fields of interest, among others: • market capitalization at December 31; • industry, as defined by the TMX; • location of the issuers’ head office; and • whether the issuer graduated from the TSXV, in the case of TSX-listed issuers. Combined Data Table C shows the primary source for data used in the analysis of listed reporting issuers in this report. Table C: Data Sources for Combined Dataset Data Field Source Market capitalizationTMX when available, otherwise Bloomberg, with foreign currencies converted into Canadian dollars as at December 31 based on the spot foreign exchange rate at the time. Also, the market capitalization from Bloomberg was used when it was more than two times the market capitalization from TMX. IndustryTMX when available, otherwise SEDAR. TMX oil and gas, and diversified industries were segmented for this report based on the SEDAR industry selections. Principal regulator ASC records. TSXV graduate TMX. THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 37 APPENDIX: METHODOLOGY LISTED ISSUER MARKETS As shown in Chart 37 and Chart 38, the combined data provides a more comprehensive picture of the total number of reporting issuers and the market capitalization of those issuers. Chart 37: Number of Issuers by Data Source Number of Issuers 4,000 4,190 ASC 495 4,264 TMX 3,695 TMX 3,660 TMX 3,588 TMX 3,423 2011 2012 2013 2014 ASC 604 4,146 ASC 558 4,022 ASC 599 3,858 ASC 661 3,000 2,000 TMX 3,197 1,000 0 2015 As shown in Chart 37, the number of issuers included in the data is about 17 per cent greater on average with the addition of reporting issuers listed on other exchanges. “TMX” indicates the number of issuers for which the data was sourced from the TMX, and “ASC” indicates the number of issuers for which the data was sourced from ASC records for purposes of this report. Chart 38: Market Capitalization of Issuers by Data Source 3,095B Market Capitalization ($ Billions) 3,000 2,607B ASC 563B 2,723B ASC 541B ASC 748B 3,278B ASC 757B 3,149B ASC 848B 2,000 1,000 TMX 2,043B TMX 2,182B 2011 2012 TMX 2,346B TMX 2,520B TMX 2,301B 0 2013 2014 2015 Chart 38 shows that the total market capitalization of all issuers included in the data is about 30 per cent greater on average with the addition of reporting issuers listed on other exchanges. 38 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION LISTED ISSUER MARKETS APPENDIX: METHODOLOGY Chart 39: Total Market Capitalization by Sedar Head Office (Top) and PR (Bottom) for 2015 AB BC ON QC 850B Market Capitalization 800 580B 600 462B 400 200 143B 0 AB BC AB BC ON AB BC ON QC Other BC ON QC Chart 39 shows total market capitalization of issuers in 2015 with the SEDAR-reported head office on the top axis and the PR on the bottom axis. There are relatively few cases where the two are not the same, with the most noticeable exception being one large issuer headquartered in Québec with Ontario as the PR. While this report has been prepared on the basis of PR instead of head office location as in prior reports, the overall conclusions drawn on the basis of PR should apply to the head office as well. Utilities and Pipelines Technology SPAC Real Estate Oil and Gas Utilities and Pipelines Other SPAC 1B 80B 91B Real Estate Junior Oil and Gas Oil and Gas (unspecified) Oil and Gas Producers Integrated Oils 164B 348B 182B Mining 80B Other Other Financial Services 24B 98B ETP 162B 98B Closed-End Funds Communicatio ns and Media Diversified Industries Oil and Gas Services Other 0 30B 400 200 Mining Life Sciences Exchange Traded Products Financial 689B Services Forest Products and Paper Diversified Industries 499B 600 Other 0B Market Capitalization ($ Billions) Capital Pool Companies Clean Technology Closed-End Funds Communications and Media Chart 40: Total Market Capitalization by TMX Industry (Top) vs. Sedar (Bottom) for 2015 The industry classifications used by the TMX and SEDAR are different, with greater segmentation in the SEDAR sub-categories. For those issuers listed on the TSX or TSXV exchanges, the TMX classification was chosen, with two notable exceptions for the purposes of analysis of the Oil and Gas industry. All Oil and Gas issuers are grouped by the TMX in one category, while SEDAR has four sub-sectors: Integrated Oils, Junior Oil and Gas, Oil and Gas Producers and Oil and Gas Services. Where Oil and Gas issuers in the TMX data could be mapped to THE ALBERTA CAPITAL MARKET – 2016 REPORT 39 APPENDIX: METHODOLOGY LISTED ISSUER MARKETS SEDAR, the SEDAR industry classification was used for the purposes of greater segmentation. The TMX also includes Oil and Gas Services in Diversified Industries. For the purposes of this report, these issuers were reclassified where possible to Oil and Gas Services. In aggregation, Oil and Gas Services were included in the Oil and Gas category for purposes of this report, not in Diversified Industries. Chart 40 shows the effect of this reclassification for issuers in the TMX dataset, on the basis of market capitalization for 2015, with the differences between the TMX and SEDAR classifications distinguished by colour. The TMX industries are listed on the top axis and SEDAR industries are listed on the bottom. Note that certain TMX industry categories were classified into Other for purposes of this report. 93B Utilities and Pipelines 164B Real Estate Oil and Gas 377B Mining 200B 98B 489B 98B 162B 441B 500 1,029B Financial Services Communications and Media Diversified Industries Exchange Traded Products 1,000 Utilities and Pipelines Real Estate Oil and Gas Diversified Industries Mining Financial Servic.. Communications and Media Diversified Industries Exchange Traded Products Closed-End Funds Technology SPAC Life Sciences Forest Products and Paper Clean Technology 0 Capital Pool Companies Market Capitalization ($ Billions) Other Industries Closed-End Funds Chart 41: Total Market Capitalization by Sedar Industry (Top) vs. TMX (Bottom) for 2015 Note: blanks show additional reporting issuers not classified by the ASC into TMX classifications. For reporting issuers listed on other exchanges, the SEDAR industry classification was used, with the placement of issuers into the existing TMX classification where the categories seemed to be consistent. All additional categories were moved to Other. Chart 41 shows the main differences of this placement, on the basis of market capitalization, for all reporting issuers in 2015. The SEDAR classification is shown on top (with sub-categories aggregated) and the TMX category on the bottom. Note that there are several blanks on the bottom axis. These blanks represent issuers listed on other exchanges where the SEDAR-reported industry could not be mapped to an equivalent TMX industry. 40 ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION A L B E R TA S E C URI T I E S . COM SUIT E 600, 250 – 5T H ST. SW, CALGARY, ALBE R TA, T 2P 0R 4