Download 2H2 + O2 2H2O Elements Compound

Position in the Periodic Table:
1. The number of electrons in the
outer shell tells us the group in
the periodic table
2. Potassium 2,8,8,1 and Lithium 2,1
both have 1 electron in their outer
shell and are both found in group 1
Particle
Charge
Mass
Electron
-1
0
Proton
+1
1
Neutron
0
1
Element
All the same type of atom
Electron
configuration: 2,8,8,1
Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
K
Mass number = 39
Atomic number = 19
Protons = 19
Electrons = 19
Neutrons = 4
Rules for electron shells:
1. The first shell will only hold 2
electrons
2. Shells after the first one will
have up to 8 electrons
3. Electrons try to move as far
away from each other as
possible
4. Once the 4 points are filled up
then the electron's will pair up
5. We write the electron
configuration, which tells us
how many electrons are in each
shell
words:
Proton: Found inside the nucleus of an atom, have a positive charge
Electron: Found in rings orbiting the nucleus, have a negative charge
Neutrons: Found in the nucleus of an atom, have no charge
Nucleus: The centre of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons
Mass number: The mass of the atom, made up of protons and
neutrons
6. Atomic number: The number of protons in an atom
7. Element: All the same type of atom chemically bonded together
8. Compound: More than one type of atom chemically bonded together
9. Mixture: More than one type of element or compound not chemically
bound together
10. Electron Shell: A ring surrounding the nucleus containing the
electrons
Li
Electron
configuration: 2,1
Mass number = 7
Atomic number = 3
Protons = 3
Electrons = 3
Neutrons = 4
Mass number = protons – neutrons
7 = 3 + neutrons
7 – 3 = neutrons = 4
2. Atomic number = no. of protons
Protons = 3
3. no. of electrons = no. of protons
Electrons = 3
Compound
More than one type
of atom chemically
bonded together
Mixture
More than one type
of element or
compound not
chemically bound
together
H2
Element
2H2 + O2
Elements
O2
Element
H2O
Compound
2H2O
Compound
1.
Rules:
1. Mass number = protons + neutrons
2. Atomic number = no. of protons
3. no. of electrons = no. of protons
Diffusion
1. Substances move from a
high concentration to a low
concentration
2. Down the concentration
gradient
3. The higher the
temperature the quicker
the molecules move so the
faster the rate of
diffusion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Prepare a thin sample to
allow light to get through
and stain cells
Place a cover slip over
the top
Place slide on stage
Put objective lens on
lowest magnification
Look down ocular lens
Use adjustment knob to
focus
Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
words:
Cell wall: support and structure, stops the cell bursting
Cell membrane: lets substances in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm: cell chemical reactions take place
Nucleus: Contains genetic information and controls the cell
Chloroplast: Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
Vacuole: Stores cell sap
Cell specialisation: A cell that has features that allow it to carry out
its function
8. Microscope: Used to enlarge very small objects
9. Magnification: How many times larger an object is compared to its
actual size
10. Diffusion: Movement from a high concentration to a low
concentration
Bacterial Cell
features:
1.
Circular
DNA
2. Cell wall
3.
4.
5.
Cytoplasm
Plasmids
Flagellum
How is a leaf cell specialised?
•
They have a large surface area
so they can absorb lots of
sunlight.
•
They contain lots of chloroplasts
which absorb the sunlight to
make food.
How is a sperm cell specialised?
•
The tail helps the sperm to move
to the egg.
•
Lots of energy is sorted in the
middle section of the sperm cell.
•
The head is designed to penetrate
into the egg cell.
How is a root hair cell specialised?
•
They have a thin cell wall so
water can be easily absorbed into
the cell.
•
They have a big surface area so
as much water as possible is
absorbed.
How is a nerve cell specialised?
•
They are long and thin so messages
can be carried all over the body.
•
They are specialised to carry
electrical signals.
•
They have connections at each end.
Types of energy:
1.
Kinetic
(movement)
2. Thermal (heat)
3. Light
4. Gravitational
5. Chemical
6. Sound
7. Elastic
8. Electrical
9. Nuclear
Work done
Work done = force (N) x
distance (m)
W = f X d
The longer the distance the
greater the work
The greater the force the
greater the work
Key words:
1. Energy: Can be stored or transferred into different types
2. Work done: Product of the force and the distance over which the
force is applied
3. Power: Measure in watts is how much energy is used per second
4. Conservation of energy: Energy is not lost of gained it is changed
from on type to another
Insulation: Using a material to prevent heat loss
Efficiency = useful energy output x 100 5.
total energy input
6. Efficiency: How much useful energy there is compare to total
energy inputted
7. Non-renewable energy: Energy that cannot be made again for
millions of year
How can we insulate our house?
8. Renewable energy: Energy that can be made again
1. Double glazing
9. Fossil Fuels: Coal, oil and gas, a non-renewable source of energy
2.
3.
4.
5.
Loft insulation
Thick curtains
Cavity wall insulation
Draft proofing around doors
and windows
6. Carpet
IN
OUT
Sound
Chemical
Energy is not
lost it is
conserved and
changed from
one format to
another
Heat
Kinetic
(movement)
Problem:
1. Joe produced a power
of 450 watts in 45s
what was the work
done?
Power = work / time
450 = W /45
450 x 45 = W = 20 250
Problem:
1. Harry pulls a table 10m with a
force of 50N, what is the work
done?
W=fXd
W = 50 x 10 = 500 Nm
w
f x d
formula triangle
Problem:
1. Mary pulls watches the TV and
uses 300J of energy in 10
minutes, what power does the TV
have?
10 minutes = 600 seconds
Power = Energy / time
P = 300 / 600
P =0.5 watts
E
P x t
formula triangle
Power
Power (watts) = Energy (J) / time (s)
P=E/t
Power
Power (watts) = work / time (s)
P=W/t
W
P x t
formula triangle