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Rural Gentrification?: Social, Cultural, and Economic Change in “Rural” North America Changes in Rural North America Since the 1960s • • • • • • Industrialization of Agriculture Rural Depopulation Aging Demographics Resource Depletion Environmental Conflicts Retirement Economies How Rural Land Markets Work • • • • • • • • “Highest and best use” Modest competition and relative stability Minimal role of “speculator-developers” Changing role of state actors Role of finance capital Real estate agents/brokers Minimal role for builders Appraiser, title companies, others Rural “Rent-Gaps” • Rural vs. urban investment and consequences for rural areas • The emergence of “rent-gaps” • Narrowing of gaps in urban areas matched by widening in some rural areas? • Changes in the nature of demand (economic restructuring, social movements, new demographics) Example and Interlinkages: Selective “Rural Gentrification” • Expansion of markets for retirement property, hobby farms, etc. • Pre-existing geography of environmental amenities • Proximity to population centers • Preservation rather than development • Non-traditional class and cross-class conflicts and alliances Rural Gentrification and Rural Cultural Change • Types of areas impacted (accessibility vs. inaccessibility) • New labor economies • Place-based environmental politics • Geographies of exclusion and insularity • Commodification of nature • Commodification of lifestyle • Change in rural landscape & culture Types of Areas Impacted New Labor Economies Place-Based Environmental Politics Geographies of Exclusion and Insularity Commodification of Nature Commodification of Lifestyle Change in Rural Landscape and Culture Conclusions • Rural gentrification is selective and highly classbased • Unusual cross-class alliances have been crucial in facilitating the process • Old economies have been fetishized and commodified • New economies rely on cultures of environmental preservation and exclusions based on market processes + (in)accessibility Could it Happen Here? • Does northern Minnesota feature the conditions necessary for rural gentrification to happen? • Would it be a good thing if it did happen? • Is it already happening??? DISCUSS!!!
