Download CHAPTER THREE PUTTING DOWN ROOTS: OPPORTUNITY AND

CHAPTER THREE
PUTTING DOWN ROOTS: OPPORTUNITY AND OPPRESSION IN COLONIAL
SOCIETY
Study Guide
1. The character of the first English settlements in the New World ________.
A) remained remarkably similar throughout the seventeenth century
B) differed from colony to colony because of government rules
C) differed substantially from colony to colony from the very beginning of colonization
D) was determined primarily by the religious preference of each colony
E) was not significantly influenced by geography
Topic: Families in an Atlantic Empire
2. Puritans viewed which of the following as essential to their New England commonwealth?
A) strict adherence to personal hygiene measures
B) a flexible form of colonial administration
C) a healthy family life
D) the rapid creation of an urban society in New England
E) honest public officials
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
3. The explanation for the tremendous population growth of seventeenth-century New England
can be found
in the ________.
A) extraordinary fertility of New England women
B) emphasis Puritans placed on having large families
C) good relations maintained with local Indians
D) long lives of New England settlers
E) agricultural richness of the New World
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
4. New England families differed from those of other English colonies in that they often included
________.
A) Native Americans
B) grandparents
C) polygamy
D) widows
E) extended families living in one household
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
5. In New England, women ________.
A) enjoyed rights and powers equal to those of men
B) outnumbered men in church by two to one
C) had no economic power whatsoever
D) could easily divorce their husbands
E) began to lobby for voting rights in this colonial period
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
6. The society created by Puritans in New England ________.
A) copied the social order they had left behind in England
B) was modeled on contemporary Dutch society
C) represented a near-total rejection of traditional English ways
D) was quite similar to that of the Chesapeake region
E) adapted to include slavery
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
7. Sumptuary laws ________.
A) made excessive gluttony a crime
B) established statutes that limited the wearing of fine apparel to the wealthy and prominent
C) criminalized frivolity on the Sabbath
D) provided that only “visible saints” could be buried in a church cemetery
E) made church attendance compulsory
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
8. The most important reason for the difference between the New England and Chesapeake
colonies was
based on ________.
A) the different crops exported
B) the much higher mortality rate of the Chesapeake colonies
C) the practice of slavery in the southern colonies
D) contrasting economic systems
E) varying degrees of ethnic diversity in the populations
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
9. Compared to New England, Chesapeake society ________.
A) was more democratic
B) was characterized by small farms
C) had fewer families
D) was more densely populated
E) had fewer slaves
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
10. By the late 1600s, the gap between rich and poor in white Chesapeake society ________.
A) steadily shrank
B) steadily widened
C) remained unchanged
D) could not be estimated
E) is not mentioned by contemporary chroniclers
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
11. Of the estimated 11 million African slaves carried to the Americas, the great majority were
sent to
________.
A) Brazil and the Caribbean
B) British North America
C) Chile
D) Argentina
E) Central America
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
12. In the early seventeenth century, Virginia’s blacks ________.
A) were encouraged to marry white women
B) occasionally served in the House of Burgesses
C) sometimes became planters
D) greatly outnumbered whites
E) slowly integrated into white society
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
13. During the colonial period, most of the slaves sent to the North American colonies were
supplied by the
________.
A) Dutch
B) Americans
C) Portuguese
D) Spanish
E) British
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
14. The eighteenth-century population of the lowlands of South Carolina was ________ percent
black.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 40
D) 60
E) 80
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
15. Where did the creole language, Gullah, endure longest?
A) Maryland
B) North Carolina
C) Louisiana
D) Virginia
E) the Sea Islands
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
16. In which colony were African Americans most able to preserve their African identity?
A) New Jersey
B) South Carolina
C) Pennsylvania
D) New York
E) Virginia
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
17. The most serious slave rebellion of the colonial period was ________.
A) the Stono Uprising
B) the Denmark Vesey Conspiracy
C) Nat Turner’s Rebellion
D) the Jamestown Massacre
E) Bacon’s Rebellion
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
18. British authorities based their colonial commercial policies on the theory of ________.
A) feudalism
B) laissez-faire
C) mercantilism
D) federalism
E) republicanism
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
19. The Navigation Acts established the principle that ________.
A) trade between the colonies of Spain and of England would be beneficial
B) Spain would have most-favored status in trading with England
C) free trade was good for all
D) the British colonies’ only trading partner was England
E) North American industry should be discouraged
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
20. The intention of the Navigation Acts was to ________.
A) remove the Dutch as a commercial competitor
B) promote English industrial development
C) keep the American colonies weak and dependent
D) stimulate colonial economic diversification
E) finance the British navy
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
21. The Staple Act of 1663 stated that ________.
A) Americans must stop raising corn and wheat
B) imports to America had to be shipped through England
C) Americans could not produce iron products
D) rum had to be manufactured in the West Indies
E) Americans could only produce staple foodstuffs
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
22. Beginning in 1696, the ________ settled disputes that occurred at sea.
A) House of Commons
B) Lords of Trade
C) Board of Trade
D) Privy Council
E) vice-admiralty courts
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
23. One of the major causes of ________ was the disfranchisement of landless freemen by the
Virginia House of Burgesses in 1670.
A) Bacon’s Rebellion
B) Coode’s Rebellion
C) Leisler’s Rebellion
D) the Stono Uprising
E) Shays’s Rebellion
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
24. The armed conflict between Native Americans and New Englanders in 1675 was led by
________.
A) Massasoit
B) Powhatan
C) Metacomet
D) Tecumseh
E) Opechancanough
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
25. The peaceful ousting of James II by Parliament in 1688 was known as ________.
A) King James’s War
B) the Restoration
C) Parliament’s Rebellion
D) the Glorious Revolution
E) the People’s War
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
26. As a result of the Salem witchcraft trials, ________.
A) nineteen people were hanged
B) twenty-three people were banished
C) eight people were pressed to death with weights
D) fourteen people were burned at the stake
E) nine people were executed by firing squad
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
27. Why were New England colonists more likely to maintain English customs than those who
migrated to Virginia and Maryland?
A) The New England colonists came from higher social ranks than those in the other colonies
and were more familiar with traditional English customs.
B) The New England colonists brought more English goods with them to America, which helped
keep the traditions alive.
C) The New England colonists tended to migrate as families and thus were able to keep family
and other traditions in the New World.
D) The New England colonists generally came to America as single men and women and found
that preserving their English customs comforted them.
E) The New England colonists were proud to be English, while the other colonists wanted to
reject their English traditions.
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
28. Why did the population of New England rise in the seventeenth century?
A) Better overall health resulted in people living longer.
B) Puritan families tended to have many children.
C) Couples in New England married younger and tended to have more children.
D) Many more immigrants came to New England than to the other colonies.
E) Colonists from the southern colonies moved to New England in large numbers.
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
29. What role did women have in the New England colonies?
A) They generally had no independence at all from men.
B) They had the same legal rights as men but could not vote.
C) They made no decisions and simply followed the orders of men.
D) They had no legal rights, but they were able to vote and hold public office.
E) They were respected for their work but were legally inferior to men.
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
30. Why did Massachusetts and Connecticut feel the need to pass sumptuary laws?
A) They weren’t comfortable with the idea that lower class people were taking on the trappings
of the upper classes.
B) They weren’t comfortable with the idea that upper class people were “slumming” and taking
on the trappings of the lower classes.
C) They wanted to abolish all signs of the British social class system.
D) They wanted to establish a minimum dress code for the lower classes.
E) They wanted to limit finery for all colonial classes.
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century
31. Which of the following was true of seventeenth-century New England?
A) Most families had several servants.
B) There were wide gaps between the rich and the poor.
C) Land ownership was widespread.
D) Few colonists owned their own land.
E) All free males could vote.
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
32. Which of these was true of Chesapeake families in the 1600s?
A) Stable nuclear families were the rule.
B) Most marriages did not last ten years.
C) Three-generation families commonly lived together.
D) Remarriage was uncommon after a spouse died.
E) Large families were common because of early marriage.
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
33. Which was NOT a factor that retarded population growth in seventeenth-century Virginia
and Maryland?
A) Many young women delayed marriage until their terms of service were complete.
B) Infant mortality rates were very high in both colonies.
C) Local Indians kidnapped many women and children.
D) The life expectancy was short.
E) The gender ratio was seriously unbalanced.
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
34. How would late seventeenth-century Virginia best be described?
A) a plantation society, dominated by a slaveholding elite
B) a diversified society and economy, with minimal social stratification
C) a society of small farmers, committed to diversified agriculture
D) a successful commercial enterprise that returned large profits to the crown
E) a society struggling with the question of slavery
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
35. What seems to have hindered the development of towns in the Chesapeake region?
A) hostility between different ethnic groups
B) the absence of navigable rivers
C) the absence of a vibrant middle class
D) an economy based on one crop destined for export
E) the dependence on a one-crop economy for use in the colonies
Topic: The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment
36. Why did colonial lawmakers create strict slave codes in the late 1600s?
A) Lawmakers wanted slaves to be treated fairly.
B) Lawmakers feared an uprising because the African population had increased greatly.
C) Lawmakers wanted to prevent an influx of additional Africans into America.
D) Lawmakers wanted African Americans to be treated the same as indentured servants.
E) Lawmakers wanted to pave the road for African slaves to eventually become citizens.
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
37. Which of the following best characterizes the creole languages that developed among slaves
in some parts of the southern colonies in the seventeenth century?
A) Creole languages were a mixture of English and different African languages.
B) Creole languages were based on African languages.
C) Creole languages were a mixture of French, English, and Dutch languages.
D) Creole languages were written versions of African languages.
E) Creole languages were informal, colloquial versions of English.
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
38. Which provides the strongest evidence that eighteenth-century slavery was based on race?
A) Slave status depended entirely on the amount of money a person had, and blacks had little
money.
B) The status of a person as a slave depended on where the person was born, and being born in
Africa made a person a slave.
C) The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on skin color.
D) The status of a person as a slave depended partly on skin color and partly on intelligence.
E) The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on social class.
Topic: Race and Freedom in British America
39. Which statement is a key assumption of mercantilism?
A) Trade benefits all trading partners equally.
B) Trade benefits only the weak nations.
C) One nation’s success in commerce has no effect on other nations.
D) One nation’s success in commerce is another nation’s loss.
E) One nation’s success in commerce benefits all nations.
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
40. Why did the Virginia tobacco planters oppose the Navigation Acts?
A) Trading with the Dutch made the price of tobacco decrease.
B) Virginians wanted to be able to import goods from France.
C) The planters received smaller profits due to the customs duties on tobacco.
D) They wanted tobacco to be transshipped through England first.
E) The cost of ships reduced the profits they made from tobacco.
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
41. What did the seventeenth-century revolts of American colonial gentry represent?
A) an early rehearsal for the American Revolution
B) confrontations between ordinary people and their rulers
C) competition among local factions for control of their colonies
D) ideological struggles over colonial rights
E) a struggle between the planters and yeoman farmers
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
42. Which statement about Bacon’s Rebellion is FALSE?
A) Bacon would probably have been accepted into the ruling clique had he only waited.
B) Bacon led a rebellion to prevent Governor Berkeley from waging a war against the
Susquehannock Indians.
C) Bacon was perceived as a hero by the common people of Virginia.
D) Bacon and his men burned Jamestown to the ground.
E) Bacon, a member of a respectable English family, had only recently arrived in Virginia.
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
43. Which issue led directly to Bacon’s Rebellion?
A) the inability of the governor to take action against the Indians on the frontier
B) the unfair trial of colonial smugglers by British admiralty courts
C) Parliament’s decision to appoint a governor rather than allow popular elections
D) the attempt to move the capital from Jamestown to Williamsburg
E) the attempt of Bacon to obtain a license to engage in the fur trade
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
44. What was the New England version of the Glorious Revolution?
A) a year-long celebration of the overthrow of James II
B) the overthrow of Governor Andros
C) a year-long celebration of the crowning of William and Mary
D) a new bill of rights for all colonists
E) a new bill of rights for land-owning colonists
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
45. What do we know about the sources of the witchcraft hysteria in Salem?
A) They are known to have been primarily economic.
B) They reflected the community’s underlying resistance to the teachings of Calvinism.
C) They lay in the community’s dislike of English authority.
D) They are likely the result of preexisting conflict.
E) They may have been related to the presence of real witches.
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
46. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Salem witchcraft hysteria?
A) the community’s history of religious discord
B) disagreements between Salem’s poor people and its upper classes
C) Salem’s history of engaging in occult practices
D) fear of attack by nearby Indians
E) the underlying misogyny of the entire colonial culture
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
47. During the Salem witchcraft hysteria, Increase Mather and other leading ministers ________.
A) called for execution of the accused witches
B) completely ignored the controversy
C) urged restraint and caution
D) called for colony-wide searches for accused witches
E) questioned the validity of the testimony of minors
Topic: Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691
48. Why is the Navigation Act in 1660 considered the most important piece of imperial
legislation drafted
before the American Revolution?
A) It allowed the development of the colonial navy into one of the most powerful in the world.
B) It greatly strengthened the English mercantile empire.
C) It allowed colonists to trade with the Dutch, which eventually caused the British to retaliate
with acts that sparked the American Revolution.
D) It established France and Holland as allies of the colonies and enemies with England.
E) Its passage directly led to the Boston Tea Party, which was the first act of rebellion by the
American colonists.
Topic: Rise of a Commercial Empire
49. What was a difference between the rights in marriage of women in the Chesapeake region
and those of women in New England in the 1600s?
A) Women in the Chesapeake region tended to have more power because they were fewer in
number and thus began from a better bargaining position.
B) Women in New England had more rights because there were more women there and they had
greater strength as a community.
C) Women in New England had fewer rights because the colonists there came from more strict
and traditional backgrounds.
D) Women in the Chesapeake region tended to have fewer rights because the planter class had
more restrictions on the roles of women in society.
E) Women in New England had fewer rights because the women there tended to live much
shorter lives than those in the Chesapeake region.
Topic: Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century, The Challenge
of the Chesapeake Environment
50. Consider the following statement. “The elements that sparked a powerful sense of
nationalism among colonists dispersed over a huge territory would not be evident for a long
time.” What does this statement mean?
A) The colonists tended to dislike the colonists in regions other than their own.
B) The colonies were getting very close to forming an independent country.
C) The colonies were still separate and had very little to do with each other.
D) The colonies had expanded to a huge area of the country.
E) The colonies saw themselves as English first and Americans second.
Topic: Conclusion: Local Aspirations within an Atlantic Empire