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Limbic System Limbic lobe Hippocampal formatiom Hipocampus 2 Limbic System Limbic Lobe (Cortex) Hippocampal formation Related Subcortical Nucle Amygdala Septal Area Corticomedial group Parahippocampal gyrus Bsolateral group Cingulate gyrus Insula Some parts of Diencephalon Some nuclei of Midbrain Limbus = A ring • A ring of cortex around Corpus Callosum and Diencephalon 4 Hippocampal formation Hippocampus Dentate Subiculum 5 6 Anatomy of Hippocampus 8 Limbic functions Regulate Emotional & Motivational aspect of Behaviour Changing short-term Memory into long-term Memory (Learning) Cornu Ammonis • Hippocampus = Ammon,s horn (Cornu) after Egyptian deity with ram,s head • For research purpose, it is divided into 4 cornu ammonis (CA) zones : – CA1 – CA2 – CA3 – CA4 10 Connections of hippocampus • 1- Perforant pathway from entorhinal area to dentate gyrus • 2- Axons from dentate to pyramidal cell in CA3 sector • 3- Axons from CA3 to fimbria • 4- A branch from the CA3 fiber called Schaffer collateral, projects to CA1 • 5- CA1 projects to entorhinal cortex Afferent Connections to Hippocampus • • • • • • • 10 Groups of fibers pass to Hippocampus: 1- Fibers from cingulate gyrus 2- Fibers from septal area 3- Fibers from opposite hippocampus 4- Fibers from indusium grisum 5- Fibers from enthorhinal or olfactory area 6- Fibers from dentate and subiculum Afferents connections cont… • 6- From auditory, visual, olfactory association cortex • 7- Cholinergic fibers from septal area • 8- Noradrenergic fibers from ceruleus nucleus • 9- Cerotonergic fibers from raphe nuclei • 10- Dopaminergic fibers from ventral tegmental area Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Branches Of Basilar Artery • Pontine • Labyrinthine Artery • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery • Superior Cerebellar Artery • Posterior Cerebral Artery Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Coronal plane of Sinus Cavernous Looking from front to back 1383 26 Lenticulostriate Arteries Supply the Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule 1383 27 Arterial Supply of the Thalamus and Basal Ganglia 1383 28 Superficial and Deep Arterial Supply to the Cerebral Hemispheres Coronal Plane 1383 29 Superficial and Deep Arterial Supply to the Cerebral Hemisphere Horizontal Plane 1383 30 Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 2 January 2007 05:39 AM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 2 January 2007 05:39 AM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 14 September 2007 07:23 PM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 2 January 2007 05:39 AM) © 2007 Elsevier Downloaded from: Gray's Anatomy (on 2 January 2007 05:39 AM) © 2007 Elsevier Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum. ARACHNOID VILLI AND GRANULATIONS • extensions of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space through the wall of dural venous sinuses. • the major pathway for the passage of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the blood. DURAL PARTITIONS • Falx cerebri • Tentorium cerebelli in front there is a gap, the tentorial incisure, for passage of midbrain, trigeminal cave • Falx cerebelli • Diaphragma sellae important landmark structure in pituitary surgery Circulation and drainage • Most of the CSF is secreted by the choroid plexuses in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. • The total CSF volume is 125 ml. The ventricles contain 25 ml and the remaining 100 ml is located in the cranial subarachnoid space. • CSF is absorbed into the venous system through arachnoid villi associated with the major dural venous sinuses, predominantly the superior sagittal sinus. Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid interventricular foramina CSF drains from lateral ventricle mesencephalic aqueduct fourth ventricle third ventricle median and two lateral apertures subarachnoid space arachnoid granulations superior sagittal sinus vein positions of the principal subarachnoid cisterns • cisterna magna or cerebellomedullary cistern • pontine cistern • interpeduncular cistern • cistern of the lateral fossa • cistern of the great cerebral vein (cisterna ambiens or superior cistern) • prechiasmatic and postchiasmatic cistern • cistern of the lamina terminalis • supracallosal cistern