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Food and nutrition security and livelihoods support in hyperendemic areas Fadzai Mukonoweshuro Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Mexico August 2008 Context Southern Africa (Swa, Zim, Bots, Moz, Les, SA) • • • • Home to 60% of PLHIV Agriculture-dependant livelihoods Protracted food insecurity since 2002 Nutrition insecurity Interventions • Food aid • Community and HH gardens • Nutrition education and communication • Small livestock • Food production (diversified) • Collective Labour action • Social protection - Cash transfers • Life skills • Nutrition counselling and care • Extension, advisory services & input support • HIV strategies for the agriculture sector Strengths in HIV context • Provide immediate support to avert starvation and malnutrition • Improved household nutrition through dietary diversification • Improved behavior and eating patterns • Asset protection • Generate income • Provide safety nets • Less labour intensive • Increased knowledge and skills for OVC and youths Availability Access Utilization Effectiveness and appropriateness of interventions • Protect, prevent and promote livelihoods of targeted households • Accessible, predictable, affordable, guaranteed and unconditional HOW – – – – – Target food insecure and nutritionally at risk Integrated interventions e.g. water and sanitation and livelihoods Supported by Institutional frameworks Are gender sensitive Build on community responses Challenges • Food and nutrition insecurity is highly political and decisions on kind of interventions may be political • Some targeting criteria increase stigma • Lack of clear exit strategies • Quantities distributed often inadequate • Food aid and agricultural inputs dominate responses – little extension support • Cash transfers only work in stable economies • Designing implementation methods that will translate into a reduction in hunger in Southern Africa • Water Lessons learnt • Understanding of the livelihoods of people and their needs is key • Interventions to be based on specific contextual environment according to assets, opportunities and aspirations of target – water is key • Quality of implementation is important for success • Short emergency - little on no impact • Partnerships between agriculture, health and social welfare crucial • Strong policy framework required to support interventions • Cost-effective solutions still a challenge • Inheritance regarding productive assets – education critical Recommendations • Support and build on existing livelihood strategies • Target attitudes and knowledge regarding food and nutrition security options • Targeting – Better to target food insecure and nutritionally at risk rather than HIV affected • Link emergency relief (food or emergency cash transfers) with development relief (including social protection) • Create the right policies in agriculture to help farmers grow more food • Document and apply lessons learnt in conducting multi-sectoral interventions – setting up of observatories • Roll out the joint FAO/WHO training course for primary care-givers on the nutritional care and support of PLHIV • Catch them young- Life skills projects to be expanded Thank You [email protected]