Download Chordates File - ISMScience.org

Phylum Chordata
POINT > Identify five characteristics of all chordates
POINT > Describe three chordate subphyla
POINT > Identify two characteristics of vertebrates
POINT > Describe the seven classes of vertebrates
POINT > Identify various orders of mammals
POINT > Identify five characteristics of all chordates
1. Notochord – flexible rod-like structure; extending
length of body.
This becomes the backbone in vertebrates
POINT > Identify five characteristics of all chordates
2. Dorsal nerve cord with anterior brain
POINT > Identify five characteristics of all chordates
3. Pharyngeal (gill) slits
POINT > Identify five characteristics of all chordates
4. Postanal tail
POINT > Identify five characteristics of all chordates
5. Ventral Heart – heart located ventrally
CHECK:
What are 5 characteristics of all chordates?
POINT > Describe the three chordate subphyla
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum 1. Urochordata - tunicates, sea squirts
Subphylum 2. Cephalochordata - lancelets
Subphylum 3. Vertebrata - vertebrates
POINT > Describe the three chordate subphyla
1. Subphylum Urochordata
Sea Squirts or Tunicates
POINT > Describe the three chordate subphyla
1. Subphylum Urochordata
Adult urochordates are sessile filter feeders
POINT > Describe the three chordate subphyla
2. Subphylum Cephalochordata
Ex. Lancelets
POINT > Describe the three chordate subphyla
2. Subphylum Cephalochordata
POINT > Describe the three chordate subphyla
3. Subphylum Vertebrata
The Vertebrates
CHECK:
What are 3 subphyla of chordates?
What phylum represents the first and simplest
animals?
POINT > Identify two characteristics of vertebrates
1. Bony or cartilaginous backbone with
vertebrae. This protects the spinal cord.
2. An internal “endoskeleton”. An endoskeleton
allows vertebrates to be very large
CHECK:
What are 2 characteristics of vertebrates?
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
1. Class Agnatha – the jawless fish
Jawless fish include lampreys and hagfish
Jawless fish are important in evolution because they
represent the ancestor of all other fishes
WB CHECK:
Why are jawless fish important in evolution?
What are 2 examples of jawless fish?
To which phylum do octopus belong?
To which phylum do insects belong?
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
2. Class Chondricthyes: the cartilaginous fish
Ex. sharks rays, and skates
Cartilage skeletons; very small rough scales
These were the first animals with jaws. Jaws helped
vertebrates become successful predators
Whale shark - the largest fish
Shark
Ray
Ray
Skate
WB CHECK:
What are 3 examples of cartilaginous fish?
Give 2 examples of echinoderms.
Give an example of a gastropod.
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
3. Class Osteichthyes - the bony fish
Bony fish are the largest group of fishes
They have a lateral line for sensing the environment
They have an operculum that helps water flow over
gills (bony fish can stay in one place, not swimming)
Most common fish are bony fish (tuna, trout, bass,
goldfish, salmon, etc)
Bony Fish examples
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
4. Class Amphibia
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Amphibian means “double life”
Amphibians live part of life in
the water and part on land
Amphibians were the first
vertebrates to live on land!
Still need water for reproduction;
eggs dry out and die quickly
First tetrapods! (4 legs)
CHECK:
What does “amphibian” mean?
Why are amphibians important in evolution?
What is a tetrapod?
What animals were the first to have a tubular
digestive system?
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Frogs go through a metamorphosis:
Eggs hatch in water as fish-like
tadpoles, that breath with gills
Tadpoles grow rear and then front
legs and transition to land as adults. Adults breath
with lungs
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
5. Class Reptilia
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Reptiles are the first vertebrates fully adapted for life
away from water:
1. Reptiles have thick, scaly skin that holds in water
2. Reptiles have kidneys that concentrate liquid waste
into urine or uric acid. This conserves water.
3. Reptiles lay eggs with a hard, waterproof shell
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
6. Class Aves: the birds
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Class Aves:
Endothermic vertebrates with
feathers
Four-chambered heart
Reptile-like scales on feet
Birds evolved from a Theropod
dinosaur
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Feathers evolved from scales
Feathers help birds fly, provide protection and
insulation
Feathers are unique to birds, but some dinosaurs
had them
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
7. Class Mammalia
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Class Mammalia: endothermic
vertebrates with fur or hair
Infants are fed with milk produced
by mother’s mammary glands
Have highly specialized teeth
Four chambered heart
Includes 4000 species: dominant
land animals on earth
42
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
There are 3 sub-classes of mammals:
1. Monotremes are egg-laying mammals
Only 3 types of monotremes: Duck-billed platypus
and two species of spiny anteaters
43
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Duck-billed platypus: the
only poisonous mammal
Monotremes
Spiny anteater
44
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
2. Marsupials: infants stay in mother’s pouch for
some time after birth
Ex. Koalas, kangaroos, opossums
45
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Marsupials
46
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
3. Placental mammals: Babies develop more fully
inside mother
The placenta is the organ that supplies food
and oxygen to the embryo, and eliminates
wastes
The infant is attached to the placenta
by the umbilical cord
47
POINT > List the seven classes of vertebrates
Placentals
48
WB CHECK:
What is an adaptation reptiles have for life away
from water?
What group of mammals lays eggs?
What phylum is most closely related to the
chordates?
POINT > Identify various orders of mammals
Order Rodentia: Largest mammalian order (over
2,400 species)
Includes squirrels, chipmunks, gophers, mice, rats,
and porcupines
50
POINT > Identify various orders of mammals
Order Chiroptera: over 900 species of bats
Live throughout the world except in polar
environments
51
POINT > Identify various orders of mammals
Order Cetacea: 90 species of whales, dolphins, and
porpoises are distributed worldwide
Cetaceans have fishlike bodies with forelimbs
modified as flippers
52
POINT > Identify various orders of mammals
Order Carnivora: 250 living species in distributed
worldwide
Most of the species mainly eat meat, which
explains the name
53
POINT > Identify various orders of mammals
Order Primates: 200 living species
Including lemurs, monkeys, and great apes
54
Homework:
Read pages 757-764
Assessment Questions #1a-b #2b-c