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Name LIMNOLOGY EXAM 3 May 3, 2005 There are 11 questions on 5 pages worth a total of 150 points. Read each question very carefully, answer each question fully, and allocate your time accordingly. True-False, Word Choice, Multiple Choice, (3 pts each, 24 points total) 1. High rates of photosynthesis during the day cause an increase / reduction in dissolved oxygen, an increase / reduction in dissolved carbon dioxide, and an increase / reduction in pH. 2. Diel variation in dissolved oxygen concentrations is expected to be greatest in the littoral zone / pelagic zone of oligotrophic / eutrophic lakes. 3. (True or False) Human sources of fixed nitrogen currently exceed natural sources. 4. Which combination of characteristics IS representative of a eutrophic lake? a. TP = 10 mg/L, TN = 500 mg/L, Chl a = 10 mg/L, Secchi Depth = 1 m b. TP = 100 mg/L, TN = 2000 mg/L, Chl a = 25 mg/L, Secchi Depth = 1 m c. TP = 30 mg/L, TN = 300 mg/L, Chla = 2 mg/L, Secchi Depth = 10 m d. TP = 100 mg/L, TN = 2000 mg/L, Chl a = 25 mg/L, Secchi Depth = 10 m 5. Increasing nutrient levels in a lake from an oligotrophic condition to a mesotrophic condition will tend to: a. Result in increased productivity at all trophic levels b. Result in decreased diversity of phytoplankton c. Shift from a coldwater to coolwater fish community (depending on elevation and lake size). d. A and B e. A and C f. All of the above 6. Increasing nutrient levels in a lake from a mesotrophic condition to a eutrophic condition will tend to: a. Result in increased productivity at all trophic levels b. Result in decreased diversity of phytoplankton c. Shift from a coolwater to warmwater fish community (depending on elevation and lake size). d. A and B e. A and C f. All of the above 7. (True or False) Parthenogenesis is a predator avoidance strategy used by Chaoborus. 1 8. Increasing piscivore levels in a eutrophic lake will tend to NOT: a. Cause a decrease in planktivorous fish populations b. Cause an increase in Chaoborus populations c. Cause an increase in large zooplankton d. Reduce the occurrence of algal blooms e. Cause a decrease in blue green algae abundance f. Cause a decrease in algae diversity 9. (60 points) Matching. 1 2 3 4 % tolerant allochthonous Alosa sp. Anabaena 26 27 28 29 eutrophication flocculation Flood Pulse Concept functional feeding group 52 52 53 54 Pyrrophyta retentiveness Riverine Productivity Model rotifers 5 Asplanchna 6 7 8 9 10 autochthonous Baccillariophycae Baetidae bioassessment biofilm 30 31 32 33 34 35 G. E. Hutchinson Glossosomatidae grazers Huryn and Wallace Hydropsychidae integumental respiration 55 56 57 58 59 60 S. R. Carpenter Serial Discontinuity Concept setae shredders Simuliidae Size-efficiency hypothesis 11 12 biomanipulation Chaoborus 13 14 15 16 Chrysophycae clear water phase clinograge Clupeidae 36 37 38 39 40 41 Intermediate Predator Hypothesis McQueen Meyer and Edwards microcrustacea mixotrophic mucilagenous sheath 61 62 63 64 65 Size-selective predation tracheal gills Vanni WVSCI zooplankton 17 18 19 20 collectors coronal cilia cyclomorphis Daphnia 21 22 23 Desmids DeVries Dinobryon 42 43 44 45 46 47 nutrient loading nutrient loading orthograde parthenogenesis photo-inhibition phytoplankton 24 25 EPT taxa 48 49 50 piscivore planktivore Pteronarcydae managing piscivore populations to reduce phytoplankton blooms and hypereutrophic lakes limnologist well known for development and tests of the "Trophic Cascade" hypothesis in lakes species of midge, aka "Phantom Midge" golden algae explanation for why average zooplankton size increases when planktivorous fish are absent from a lake - based on relative competitive abilities between small and large plankton common species of chrysophycae 2 change in body form of zooplankton over successive generations species of cyanobacteria common in temperate lakes and ponds autotrophic drifting organisms an alternative to the RCC, which states that large rivers are strongly dependent on sources of energy from the surrounding floodplains classification of stream invertebrates on the basis of what and how they eat explanation for why average zooplankton size increases when planktivorous fish are absent from a lake - based on increased predation of small zooplankton by Chaoborus family of mayflies that are important collector-gatherers group of true green algae feeding mode used by zooplanktion such as rotifers multimetric index of biological condition Physical, chemical, and biological response of an aquatic system to high nutrient loading rates Increase in nutrient concentrations in a water body over time family of fishes that are common planktivores in lakes explanation for why average zooplankton size decreases in the presence of planktivorous fish heterotrophic drifting organisms form of asexual reproduction found in rotifers and cladocerans fish species that is an important consumer of zooplankton in lakes species of rotifer, aka "Bag-O-Guts" an alternative to the RCC, which states that large rivers are strongly dependent on sources of energy from local photosynthesis family of caddisflies that are important collector-filterers autotrophic dinoflagellates distribution of dissolved oxygen with depth often observed in oligotrophic lakes Short Answer and Discussion 10. (8 points) List 4 reasons why fishes have limited effects on stream benthic invertebrates. 3 11. (24 points) Compare the importance of death and decomposition of blue green algae in lakes and death and decomposition of periphyton in streams as critical elements in lake and stream food webs (use diagrams where possible). 4 12. (34 points) An important criticism of both the River Continuum Concept for streams and the Trophic Cascade Hypothesis for lakes is that they are too simplistic to capture the essential complexities of real aquatic systems. Discuss how scientific studies designed to test expectations of each theory have improved our understanding of lake and stream ecosystems (refer to specific studies and their authors for full credit). 5