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Name: ___________________________________________________________________________ Chapters 1 and 2 – Prehistoric and Ancient Near East You will be viewing five slides, each with one or two images from the test. Answer the multiple choice questions below that pertain to the images above them. (2 points each) 4. The image on the left may use emphasis to show the cultural importance of 1. These images represent works of art from: A. B. C. D. 30,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE to 2,000 BCE 2,000 BCE to 500 BCE 500 BCE to 500 CE 2. Common elements between these two sculptures include A. B. C. D. E. the size the material used the technique used both A and C A, B, and C 3. The image on the right is an example of A. B. C. D. a relief carving a composite image a work from a ritual burial Neolithic sculpture A. B. C. D. E. fertility and reproduction women in an agrarian society survival of the fittest A and B A and C 5. These two objects were found in A. B. C. D. E. Mesopotamia B. Scandinavia Europe Lascaux, France Turkey 6. The image on the right may demonstrate A. Use of emphasis for cultural importance B. Manipulation of material to accommodate the design C. Manipulation of the design to accommodate the material D. Hand-built clay sculpture E. A theme not normally addressed during this period. 7. The image on the top is from A. B. C. D. Altamira, Spain Pech-Merle, France Chauvet, France Lascaux, France 8. The image on the bottom represents A. B. C. D. E. Paleolithic cave art Neolithic cave art Paleolithic rock shelter art Neolithic rock shelter art Neolithic wall art 9. These images have much in common, but are different in that A. B. C. D. E. One required scaffolding to execute One may be a narrative One contains human figures All of the above None of the above 10. The image on the right utilized a material that was unusual for paintings of the period, which was: A. B. C. D. E. Red Ochre Charcoal Bitumen Plaster Reed or stick brushes 11. These images both show structures called A. B. C. D. E. Temples Megaliths Ziggurats Passage graves Tumulus 12. These structures were at the center of their communities, serving as A. B. C. D. E. F. Religious centers Commerce Centers Administrative Centers Sites for Ritual Burials A, B,, and C B, C and D 13. These communities were A. Polytheistic with a head priest who served as the voice of god B. Polytheistic, each worshipping a different god C. Monotheistic, with a head priest who was god’s representative on earth D. Polytheistic, each worshipping a different god with a priest-king as god’s representative on earth E. Monotheistic, each worshipping a different god with a priest-king as god’s representative on earth 14. Placement of these structures on the landscape was important and was oriented to: A. B. C. D. Sunset during the Summer and Winter Solstice Sunrise during the Fall and Spring Equinox The stars in Orion’s belt The points of a compass 15. These structures were constructed of A. Stone native to the area B. Stone obtained through trade with neighboring regions C. Mudbrick D. Plaster 16. These images are both called A. B. C. D. E. Cuneiform pictographs Warka worshippers Votive statues Composite Images Relief Statuary 17. One important difference between these two images is A. the one on the left is cast metal and the one on the right is plaster over reed B. the one on the right is larger and belonged to a wealthier individual than the one on the left C. the one on the left is older than the one on the right D. the one on the left represents a ruler and the one on the left does not 18. These statues were placed in the temples, which served as “waiting rooms” to A. Honor important members of the community and their leadership positions B. Honor the gods with iconography, allowing worshippers to pray in their homes C. Honor the dead with commemorative statuary D. Honor the gods with the eternal gaze of prayer while worshippers went on with their daily lives 19. The image on the left represents A. B. C. D. E. Gudea of Lagash Gilgamesh of Sumer Eshuanna of Sumer Inanna of Sumer Hammerabi of Babylonia 20. Men and women were differentiated by A. B. C. D. Clothing and posture Clothing and height Hierarchical scale Clothing and hair 21. This image incorporates an important advance introduced by the Sumerians, which is A. B. C. D. Hierarchical scale Cuneiform writing The first code of laws ever recorded The first recorded literature 22. This image shows a carved stone slab used to commemorate an event, called a A. B. C. D. E. Stele Tumulus Stylus Lintel Trilithon 23. This artifact could also be labeled A. A sculpture in the round because both sides are carved B. A labeled historical narrative C. A set of inscribed laws D. A funerary marker for the ruler 24. The specific depiction of the figure, Eannatum, the ruler of Lagash, is an example of A. Sculpture in the Round B. Hierarchical scale C. Commemoration of a historical event that did not actually occur D. High relief 25. The country of origin of this work is A. B. C. D. Akkad Babylonia Assyria Sumer ESSAY QUESTIONS 26. In many cultures, the cultural leader or ruler also acts as a religious figurehead, god’s representative on earth. Select and fully identify two works of art that reflect this cultural hierarchy and illustrate or reinforce this position of power, both in religious and political leadership. Discuss how the conceptual and observational characteristics help to convey this message. (25 points) 27. In the textbook, the authors make the following statement regarding pre-historic art: “During the Paleolithic Period, humankind went beyond the recognition of human and animal forms in the natural environment to the representation (literally the presenting again – in different and substitute form – of something observed) of humans and animals. The immensity of this achievement cannot be overstated.” Select and fully identify at least one pre-historic work of art that illustrates this statement. Discuss how the elements of formalism indicate this change in human perception and cognition. (25 points)